Biology:Ziziphus spina-christi

From HandWiki
Short description: Species of tree

Ziziphus spina-christi
Ziziphus-areva-israel.jpg
Scientific classification edit
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Rosales
Family: Rhamnaceae
Genus: Ziziphus
Species:
Z. spina-christi
Binomial name
Ziziphus spina-christi
Synonyms[1]
  • Rhamnus spina-christi L.

Ziziphus spina-christi, known as the Christ's thorn jujube, is an evergreen tree or plant native to the Levant, East Africa, and Mesopotamia.[2] Fruit and leaves from the tree were used in preparing ancient Egyptian foods and cultural practices.

Ecology

In the Levant, it grows in valleys up to an elevation of 500 m,[3] and is drought tolerant and heat-resistant.[4] The ripe fruits are edible.[5] The seed, contained within a small, oblong woody pit, is opened and eaten by local fauna, including the rock hyrax.

Cultural and religious references

In the Levant and wider Middle East, it is called sidr (associated with the lote tree of the Quran), and is common in the Jordan Valley and around Jerusalem,[6] as well as in the Hajar Mountains of the Sultanate of Oman.[7] By some myths, it was the tree from which Jesus' crown of thorns was made.[8] Matthew George Easton argues that Z. spina-christi is too brittle to be bent into a crown, and suggests another local plant, Ziziphus lotus.[9]

The oldest known Z. spina-christi is located in Ir Ovot, in the south of Israel.[10] It is estimated to be between 1500 and 2000 years old.[11][12] It is believed locally to be the very tree from which Jesus' crown of thorns was made.[13] It is the national tree of Qatar and the symbol of the central Arava.

Gallery

  • Z. spina-christi thorns, Jardin des plantes, France

  • Z. spina-christi fruit, in Israel

  • Ziziphus Spina-Christi Blossom

    Z. spina-christi blossom, Behbahan, Iran

  • Wild Ziziphus Tree, Behbahan

    Wild Z. spina-christi tree in Iran

  • Behbahan

    Z. spina-christi fruit, Behbahan, Iran

References

  1. ↑ The Plant List: A Working List of All Plant Species, http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/tro-27501041, retrieved 30 January 2016 
  2. ↑ Orwa (2009). "Zizyphus spina-Christi". 5Agroforestry Database 4.0. http://www.worldagroforestry.org/treedb/AFTPDFS/Zizyphus_spina-christi.PDF. 
  3. ↑ Zohary M. (1972). Flora Palaestina. II.. Jerusalem: The Israel Academy of Science and Humanities. pp. 307–308.  Cited in Amots Dafni; Shay Levy; Efraim Lev (2005). "The ethnobotany of Christ's Thorn Jujube (Ziziphus spina-christi) in Israel". J Ethnobiol Ethnomed 1: 8. doi:10.1186/1746-4269-1-8. PMID 16270941. 
  4. ↑ World Agroforestry Centre. Zizyphus spina-christi. Retrieved on 31 May, 2023
  5. ↑ Reinhard Fichtl. "Christ's Thorn - Ziziphus spina-Christi". http://www.beesfordevelopment.org/info/info/flora/christs-thorn-ziziphus-sp.shtml. 
  6. ↑ Easton (1893), p. 688, "It overruns a great part of the Jordan valley."
  7. ↑ Lancaster, William (2011). Honour is in contentment : life before oil in Ras al-Khaimah (UAE) and some neighbouring regions. Lancaster, Fidelity.. Berlin: De Gruyter. pp. 137. ISBN 978-3-11-022340-8. OCLC 763160662. https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/763160662. 
  8. ↑ "Ziziphus spina-christi". Flowersinisrael.com. http://www.flowersinisrael.com/Ziziphusspina-christi_page.htm. 
  9. ↑ Easton (1893), p. 174.
  10. ↑ Bar-am, Aviva; Bar-am, Shmuel (15 November 2014). "Rooted in Israel's history, five remarkable trees". Times of Israel. https://www.timesofisrael.com/rooted-in-israels-history-five-remarkable-trees/. 
  11. ↑ "The "old man" of Hatzeva – the jujube tree at Hatzeva Spring" (in en). Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Development. https://www.moag.gov.il/en/Subjects/hugging_a_tree/Hiking_routes_and_tales_of_trees/Ancient_Trees/old_man/Pages/default.aspx. 
  12. ↑ Grossman, Michelle Malka (24 January 2016). "Israeli trees get IDs with interactive heritage project". The Jerusalem Post. https://www.jpost.com/Business-and-Innovation/Environment/Israeli-trees-get-IDs-with-interactive-heritage-project-442639. 
  13. ↑ Sutton, Candace (20 April 2019). "The real story of Jesus Christ's crown of thorns". news.com.au. https://www.news.com.au/lifestyle/real-life/news-life/the-real-story-of-jesus-christs-crown-of-thorns/news-story/ec56fd4a5016c533aabcc08e8bcdd72d. 

Bibliography

  • Easton, M.G. (1893). Illustrated Bible Dictionary and Treasury of Biblical History, Biography, Geography, Doctrine, and Literature: With Numerous Illustrations and Important Chronological Tables and Maps. London, Edinburgh and New York: T. Nelson and Sons. 

External links

Wikidata ☰ Q2920458 entry



Retrieved from "https://handwiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=Biology:Ziziphus_spina-christi&oldid=3693554"