Chemistry:Flumioxazin
Flumioxazin is a synthetic herbicide used for control of broadleaf weeds in agricultural areas.[1] Valent U.S.A. Corporation, a division of Sumitomo Chemical, developed flumioxazin, which was approved by the U.S. EPA in 2001 for use on soybean and peanut crops.[2] Flumioxazin has gained popularity due to pesticide resistance toward earlier active ingredients.[3]
Flumioxazin is also used to control aquatic plants such as filamentous algae. In granular form, it is used to control of submerged plants, and as a direct foliar application it is used to control emergent and floating-leaf plants.[4]
Mode of Action
Flumioxazin is an inhibitor of the enzyme protoporphyrinogen oxidase which then interferes with the plant's chlorophyll production.[5]
Manufacture
The production of flumioxazin involves the use of 2,4-difluoronitrobenzene as a crucial raw material.[3]
References
- ↑ "Flumioxazin: Environmental Fate and Ecological Risk Assessment". United States Environmental Protection Agency. https://www3.epa.gov/pesticides/chem_search/cleared_reviews/csr_PC-129034_14-Aug-03_a.pdf.
- ↑ "Flumioxazin: Pesticide Fact Sheet". U.S. EPA. 2001. https://www3.epa.gov/pesticides/chem_search/reg_actions/registration/fs_PC-129034_12-Apr-01.pdf.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Guo, Shuai; Zhan, Le-wu; Li, Bin-dong (December 2023). "Mixing intensification and kinetics of 2,4-difluoronitrobenzene homogeneous nitration reaction in a heart-shaped continuous-flow microreactor". Chemical Engineering Journal 477. doi:10.1016/j.cej.2023.147011. Bibcode: 2023ChEnJ.47747011G.
- ↑ "Flumioxazin Chemical Fact Sheet". Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. 2012. https://www.noaa.gov/sites/default/files/legacy/document/2020/Oct/07354626330.pdf.
- ↑ Iwashita, Katsumasa; Hosokawa, Yoshinori; Ihara, Ryo; Miyamoto, Taiki; Otani, Mitsuhiro; Abe, Jun; Asano, Koji; Mercier, Odile et al. (2022). "Flumioxazin, a PPO inhibitor: A weight-of-evidence consideration of its mode of action as a developmental toxicant in the rat and its relevance to humans". Toxicology 472. doi:10.1016/j.tox.2022.153160. PMID 35367320. Bibcode: 2022Toxgy.47253160I.
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