Chemistry:Golden Bog of Cullen
Portach Órga Chuillinn | |
  Shown within Ireland | |
| Location | Longstone, Kilcornan, County Tipperary, Ireland |
|---|---|
| Coordinates | [ ⚑ ] : 52°30′27″N 8°17′04″W / 52.507500°N 8.284449°W |
| Type | peat bog containing gold and brass artefacts |
| History | |
| Cultures | Atlantic Bronze Age |
| Site notes | |
| Public access | no |
The Golden Bog of Cullen is an archaeological site located in County Tipperary, Ireland. Discovered in the 18th century, it has been described as "one of the most important and prolific sites" in Ireland; it was discovered before modern methods of preservation and collection, and almost all of the finds were melted down.[1]
Location
The Golden Bog is located 650 metres (0.40 mi) southwest of Cullen, County Tipperary, 1 kilometre (0.62 mi) east of Longstone Rath. This was part of the ancient Gaelic territory of Uí Cuanach (Coonagh).[citation needed]
Artifacts
The earliest recorded find dates to 1731, a two-gallon (9-litre) brass vessel with four legs.[citation needed]
In 1744, a Limerick jeweller bought from a Cullen shopkeeper a gold crown weighing 6 troy ounces (190 g); the metal was of a very high purity.[citation needed]
Objects found on the site included 300 brass swords, a golden cone (described as "the breast of a wooden idol"), bars of pure gold, and gold gorgets.[2][3]
As most of the items were discovered before modern methods of preservation and collection of ancient artefacts, the objects were generally sold to goldsmiths for their bullion value. Only one gold item is known to survive, a dress-fastener or terminal, currently held at the Birmingham Museum and Art Gallery.[4]
History
Eugene O'Curry speculated that the Bog was originally a wooded valley, used by goldsmiths due to its proximity to sources of wood for charcoal, as well as possibly a goldmine. He connected it with the ancient Cerdraigi, a Gaelic tribe whose name derives from cerd, an Old Irish term for a skilled craftsman, especially a worker in gold and silver.[5] He also note the townland of Ballynagard located 5 miles (8.0 km) to the west: in Irish Baile na gCeard, "settlement of the goldsmiths."[6][7]
Their placement in the bog is possibly a form of ritual deposition.[4] The culture that produced and deposited these items is thought to date to c. 2000–400 BC, during the Atlantic Bronze Age.[8]
See also
- Wetland deposits in Scandinavia
- Irish gold
References
- ↑ Wallace, J. N. A. (12 September 1936). "The golden bog of Cullen, Co. Tipperary, being an account of antique curiosities found there.". http://sources.nli.ie/Record/PS_UR_095938.
- ↑ Wallace, J. N. A. (1938). "The Golden Bog of Cullen". North Munster Antiquarian Journal 1. http://www.limerickcity.ie/media/NMAJ%20vol%201%20no%203%2012%20The%20Golden%20Bog%20of%20Cullen,%20by%20J.%20N.%20A.%20Wallace.pdf.
- ↑ Kaminski, Jaime (2016). "A Gündlingen type sword from the Polesfleet Stream in Crawley". Sussex Archaeological Collections 154: 103–112. https://cris.brighton.ac.uk/ws/portalfiles/portal/5512720/SAC_Vol_154_Kaminski.pdf.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Cahill, Mary. A gold dress-fastener from Clohernagh, Co Tipperary and a catalogue of related material. https://www.academia.edu/4389725.
- ↑ "eDIL - Irish Language Dictionary". http://dil.ie/8753.
- ↑ "Baile na gCeard/Ballynagarde". https://www.logainm.ie/en/30421.
- ↑ O'Curry, Eugene (12 September 1873). "On the Manners and Customs of the Ancient Irish: Lectures and appendix". Williams and Norgate. https://books.google.com/books?id=AAI3AQAAMAAJ&dq=%22Golden+Bog+of+Cullen%22&pg=PA206.
- ↑ Leonard, Katherine (2014). Ritual in Late Bronze Age Ireland - Material Culture, Practices, Landscape Setting and Social Context (PDF) (Thesis). NUI Galway.
 |  |
