Chemistry:List of classifications of pottery

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Pottery can be categorized/classified in various ways depending on its material, method of production, function, and style.

Based on firing temperature and material

  • Earthenware: Fired at a lower temperature (typically below 1,200°C or 2,192°F), earthenware is porous and usually needs to be glazed to hold liquids. It's one of the oldest types of pottery.[1] Bisque, and Raku are examples of earthenware pottery.
  • Stoneware: Fired at a higher temperature (typically between 1,200°C and 1,300°C or 2,192°F and 2,372°F), stoneware is non-porous and more durable than earthenware. It is often used for functional items like mugs and plates.[2]
  • Porcelain: Fired at the highest temperatures (above 1,300°C or 2,372°F), porcelain is made from fine clay (kaolin) and is known for its white, translucent quality. It is highly durable and often used for fine tableware and decorative objects.[3]

Functional pottery

  • Tile/Flooring pottery: Durable pieces used for building or decorating surfaces, such as wall tiles and floor tiles.[4][5]
  • Tableware: Includes dishes, bowls, cups, plates, and other items used for serving and eating food.[6][7]
  • Storage vessels: Such as jars, urns, and amphorae, used for storing liquids, grains, and other materials.[8][9]
  • Cookware: Includes pots, casseroles, and other vessels designed to withstand direct heat.[10]
  • Ceremonial pottery: Items used in rituals or ceremonies, including altars, ceremonial bowls, and religious figures.[11][12]
  • Decorative pottery: Includes vases, sculptures, and other objects made primarily for aesthetic purposes.[13]
  • Planters or Garden Pots: Containers used for growing plants, often featuring drainage holes.[14][15]

Based on production techniques

  • Hand-built pottery: Made by hand using methods like coiling, pinching, or slab construction. This method is ancient and often used for larger or uniquely shaped pieces.[16]
  • Wheel-thrown pottery: Made on a potter's wheel, allowing for more symmetrical shapes and finer detail. This technique is commonly used for creating bowls, cups, and plates.[17]
  • Mold-made pottery: Produced using molds to shape the semi solid clay, often for mass production of identical pieces.[18]
  • Slip-cast pottery: Made by pouring liquid clay (slip) into molds. This method allows for mass production of pottery with intricate designs.[19]

Based on decorative techniques

  • Glazed pottery: Coated with a glaze that becomes glass-like when fired, giving the pottery a smooth, often colorful finish.[20][21]
  • Unglazed pottery: Pottery that is left unglazed, often showcasing the natural color and texture of the clay.[22]
  • Overglaze pottery: Decoration applied on top of a glaze, often after the initial firing. This can include painting, gilding, or applying decals.[23]
  • Slipware (slip-decorated pottery): Decorated with slip (liquid clay) applied before firing. Slip can be used for painting, dipping, or inlaying designs.[24]
  • Sgraffito: A decorative technique where a layer of slip is applied to the pottery, and then patterns are scratched through the slip to reveal the clay beneath.[25][26]
  • Mishima: A technique involving inlaying colored slips into incised designs on the pottery surface.[27]
  • Burnished pottery: A method where the surface of the clay is polished to create a shiny finish, often used in Native American pottery.[28]
  • Resist Techniques: A technique where a material is applied to areas of the pottery to resist glaze or slip, creating patterns once the piece is fired.[29]
  • Engraving or Carving: The surface of the pottery is carved or engraved to create patterns or images.[30]

Cultural and historical pottery

  • Greek pottery: Famous for its black-figure and red-figure styles, depicting mythological and everyday scenes.[31]
  • Chinese pottery: Known for its delicate quality and often intricate blue and white designs.[32]
  • Indian pottery: Known for its ancient and diverse styles, mostly being earthenware often featuring intricate designs and vibrant colors.[33]
  • Native American pottery: Often hand-built and decorated with symbolic designs, reflecting the cultural heritage of different tribes.[34]
  • Pottery of Metepec
  • Japanese pottery: (e.g., Raku, Satsuma, and Arita) Renowned for its emphasis on natural forms, textures, and the philosophy of wabi-sabi (finding beauty in imperfection).[35]
  • Roman pottery: Known for its functional and decorative wares, Roman pottery includes a variety of styles such as terra sigillata, characterized by its red slip and glossy finish.[36]
  • Korean pottery: Renowned for its unique techniques and aesthetics, Korean pottery includes styles such as celadon, known for its jade-green glaze and intricate inlay designs, and buncheong, which features a more textured appearance.[37]
  • Persian pottery: Characterized by their detailed motifs and calligraphy, often featuring floral and geometric patterns.[38]
  • Pottery of ancient Cyprus
  • Islamic pottery

References

  1. ↑ "Art & Architecture Thesaurus Full Record Display (Getty Research)". https://www.getty.edu/vow/AATFullDisplay?find=earthenware&logic=AND&note=&english=N&prev_page=1&subjectid=300140803. 
  2. ↑ "Stoneware". https://digitalfire.com/glossary/stoneware. 
  3. ↑ "Porcelain | Definition, History, Types, & Facts | Britannica" (in en). 2025-03-13. https://www.britannica.com/art/porcelain. 
  4. ↑ admin (2023-02-24). "Floor Tile Materials Compared: Durability, Pros and Cons" (in en). https://ctsupplies.com.au/floor-tile-materials-compared-durability-pros-and-cons/#:~:text=Ceramic%20tiles%20are%20a%20popular,such%20as%20kitchens%20and%20hallways.. 
  5. ↑ "Tile | Materials, Tools & Techniques | Britannica" (in en). 2025-02-22. https://www.britannica.com/technology/tile. 
  6. ↑ "Tableware Dimensions & Drawings | Dimensions.com" (in en). https://www.dimensions.com/collection/tableware. 
  7. ↑ "Top 10 Advantages Of Ceramic Tableware For Home Decoration" (in en). https://vaaree.com/blogs/vaaree-journals/advantages-of-ceramic-tableware. 
  8. ↑ "Ceramic Vessel Forms: Typology & Importance | StudySmarter" (in en-GB). https://www.studysmarter.co.uk/explanations/archaeology/ceramics-and-pottery/ceramic-vessel-forms/. 
  9. ↑ "Packaging History: Packaging in Ancient Egypt" (in en). https://packagingschool.com/lessons/packaging-history-packaging-in-ancient-egypt. 
  10. ↑ claycoyote (2009-12-31). "Flameware Pottery versus Stoneware Pottery-What's the Difference" (in en-US). https://www.claycoyote.com/a-tale-of-two-pots-modern-clay-pot-cooking/. 
  11. ↑ "Ceremonial object - Purification, Rites, Rituals | Britannica" (in en). https://www.britannica.com/topic/ceremonial-object/Objects-used-in-purification-rites. 
  12. ↑ "Ceremonial Object" (in en). https://www.artsy.net/gene/ceremonial-object. 
  13. ↑ "Decorative Arts | EBSCO Research Starters" (in en). https://www.ebsco.com/research-starters/history/decorative-arts. 
  14. ↑ Runner, The Plant (9 February 2024). "The Importance of Drainage Holes in Pots" (in en). https://theplantrunner.com/blogs/the-plant-runner-blog/the-importance-of-drainage-holes-in-pots. 
  15. ↑ "What's the Difference Between Planters and Pots?". https://rootandvessel.com/blog/difference-between-planters-and-pots. 
  16. ↑ "Handbuilding Pottery 101: Hand Building Techniques & Projects" (in en-US). https://www.thecrucible.org/guides/ceramics/handbuilding/. 
  17. ↑ "Guide to Ceramic Wheel Throwing" (in en-US). https://www.thecrucible.org/guides/ceramics/wheel-throwing/. 
  18. ↑ Davitt, Keith (2021-06-18). "Mold-made Vs. Handmade Ceramic Cat Fountains. What Are The Differences and Do They Matter?" (in en-US). https://thirstycatfountains.com/mold-made-vs-handmade-cat-fountains/. 
  19. ↑ "What Even Is Slipcasting?" (in en). https://www.eastfork.com/journal/what-even-is-slipcasting. 
  20. ↑ Liz (2022-07-20). "Pottery Glaze 101" (in en-US). https://www.potterycreative.com/what-is-pottery-glaze/. 
  21. ↑ schavez. "Ceramics Glossary of Terms" (in en-us). https://www.cerritos.edu/ceramics/art150/glossaryofterms.htm#:~:text=Glaze-%20a%20liquid%20suspension%20of,coating%20on%20the%20clay%20surface.. 
  22. ↑ "Pottery: The Ultimate Guide, History, Getting Started, Inspiration" (in en-US). https://deneenpottery.com/pottery/#section-4. 
  23. ↑ "Overglaze". https://digitalfire.com/glossary/overglaze. 
  24. ↑ "The 6 different stages of clay" (in en-US). https://www.oxfordclay.co.uk/blog-1/blog-post-title-four-de9r7-9yzl3#:~:text=Use:%20Slip%20is%20most%20commonly,('slip%20trailed').. 
  25. ↑ "Sgraffito Pottery | Definition, Designs & Examples". https://study.com/learn/lesson/sgraffito-pottery-designs-ceramics.html. 
  26. ↑ "Sgraffito: The art of scratching | Vaessen Creative" (in fr). https://www.vaessen-creative.com/fr/blog/sgraffito-the-art-of-scratching. 
  27. ↑ "Mishima on Ceramics | Janson Pottery" (in en-CA). 2020-10-26. https://www.jansonpottery.com/blog/mishima-on-ceramics. 
  28. ↑ "Burnishing Pottery - A Helpful Step-by-Step Guide for Burnishing Clay" (in en). https://ceramicartsnetwork.org/daily/article/Going-Low-Tech-A-Step-by-Step-Guide-to-Burnishing-Pottery. 
  29. ↑ "Decorative techniques to try in pottery class" (in en-GB). 2024-09-19. https://corriebain.com/decorative-techniques-pottery-class/. 
  30. ↑ "Pottery Terms Every Ceramic Artist Needs to Know" (in en). 2023-11-17. https://diamondcoretools.com/blogs/resources/pottery-terms-every-ceramic-artist-needs-to-know. 
  31. ↑ "Greek pottery | Types, Styles, & Facts | Britannica" (in en). 2025-03-28. https://www.britannica.com/art/Greek-pottery. 
  32. ↑ "Chinese pottery | History, Designs, Types, Symbols, & Facts | Britannica" (in en). https://www.britannica.com/art/Chinese-pottery#:~:text=Chinese%20pottery,%20objects%20made%20of%20clay%20and,on%20later%20European%20pottery%20has%20been%20profound.. 
  33. ↑ "History of Pottery Art in India" (in en). https://itokri.com/blogs/craft-masala-by-itokri/history-of-pottery-art-in-india?srsltid=AfmBOopxTmyHdxTaZOqRAur3eWwP_nv5_Fa8DOYXh6JjA_Ufenbk_JZQ. 
  34. ↑ "Pottery - Native American, Clay, Art | Britannica" (in en). 2025-03-31. https://www.britannica.com/art/pottery/American-Indian-pottery. 
  35. ↑ "Japanese pottery | History, Styles & Techniques | Britannica" (in en). https://www.britannica.com/art/Japanese-pottery. 
  36. ↑ "Pottery - Greek, Roman, Ceramics | Britannica" (in en). 2025-03-31. https://www.britannica.com/art/pottery/Classical-period-c-480-c-330-bce. 
  37. ↑ "Korean pottery | History, Techniques & Styles | Britannica" (in en). https://www.britannica.com/art/Korean-pottery. 
  38. ↑ "History of Persian Ceramics". https://researcharchive.calacademy.org/research/anthropology/persia/history.htm. 



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