Chemistry:Polynitrides

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Polynitrides are solid chemical compounds with a large amount of nitrogen, beyond what would be expected from valencies. Some with N2 ions are termed pernitrides. Azides are not considered polynitrides, although pentazolates are.

They are formed at high pressures and mostly at high temperature.[1] Many are stable under high pressure, but some are metastable when decompressed to standard conditions. They are high energy density materials, capable of exploding with high power. Some are very hard, almost as strong as diamond.[2][3]

List

Formula Crystallography Properties References
Empirical Structural Notes Crystal Space
group 		Unit cell (Å) Script error: No such module "Vertical header". Volume
(Å3) 		Density
(g·cm−3) 		class="unsortable"!Script error: No such module "Vertical header". Script error: No such module "Vertical header". Script error: No such module "Vertical header". Comments
LiN [Li+
]
2[N2−
2] 		diazenide orthorhombic Immm a=3.1181 b=4.4372 c=10.7912 8 149.30 0 0 black, metallic luster [4]
orthorhombic Cmcm a=3.819 b=6.471 c=3.446 8 85.16 73.6 112(19)[lower-alpha 1] 19.0 [5]
LiN2 Li+
N−
2 		N−
2 dimers 		hexagonal P63/mmc a=2.631 c=7.615 2 45.64 21.2 63(4)[lower-alpha 1] 4.6 white [5]
LiN5 Li+
N−
5 		pentazolate monoclinic P2 a=3.808 b=3.838 c=2.410

β=99.84°

1 34.70 73.6 0[lower-alpha 2]
73.6 (XRD) 		[5][6]
tr-BeN4 Be2+[poly-N2−
4] 		1D chains, N4 torsion angle = 17.1° triclinic

(2D layers)

P1 a=3.275 b=4.212 c=3.704

α=103.43º β=105.61º γ=111.86º

1 42.4 0 0 [7]
triclinic P1 a=2.4062 b=3.5119 c=3.506

α=104.29° β=111.39° γ=96.71°

1 26.02 83.5 [7]
m-BeN4 2D infinite sheets of fused N10 rings monoclinic P21/c a=3.283 b=3.2765 c=4.8185

β=99.67°

2 51.10 96.8 96.8 [7]
Amm2-CN6 2D Amm2 [8]
Amm2-CN10 2D Amm2 [8]
NaN2 Na+
N−
2 		N−
2 dimers 		tetragonal P4/mmm a=3.001 c=4.101 1 36.93 4.0 2.8 black, metallic luster [9]
Na3N8 [Na+
]
3[N
23/4-
]
4 		N20.75- dimers tetragonal I41/amd a=4.9597 c=16.29 4 400.7 27.6 7.7 black, metallic luster [9]
Na2N5 [Na+
]
2[N2−
5] 		pentazolate-derived dianion monoclinic Pm a=4.781 b=2.5873 c=4.934

β=119.6°

1 53.1 50.0 18 (Raman)[lower-alpha 2] [10][11]
NaN5 Na+
N−
5 		pentazolate orthorhombic Pmn21 a=5.455 b=2.836 c=5.662 2 87.6 52.9 12 (Raman)[lower-alpha 2]

25 (XRD)

[10][11]
NaN7 Na+
N−
5 · N
2 		pentazolate

nitrogen-inclusion

monoclinic P21/n a=10.321 b=8.672 c=11.0409

β=91.70°

16 987.8 52.9 40 [10][11]
α-Mg2N4 [Mg2+]
2[a'-N4−
4][b'-N4−
4] 		cis-tetranitrogen tetraanion monoclinic P21/n a=7.5182 b=6.5426 c=13.4431

β=130.080°

2 505.95 0 0 [12]
β-Mg2N4 [Mg2+]
2[a-N4−
4][b-N4−
4] 		cis-tetranitrogen tetraanion monoclinic P21/n a=7.114 b=5.824 c=8.804

β=104.04°

2 354.0 58.5 2.3 [12]
MgN4 Mg2+[poly-N2−
4] 		1D chains, N4 torsion angle = 0°
isoelectronic to polythiazyl
cis-polyacetylene geometry 		orthorhombic Ibam a=3.5860 b=7.526 c=5.1098 1 137.90 58.5 0.9 (Raman)[lower-alpha 2]
58.5 (XRD) 		[12][13][7]: Figure S3 
SiN2 Si4+N4−
2 		pernitride cubic Pa3 a=4.1205 4 69.96 5.327 140 140 [14]
K3N8 [K+
]
3[N
23/4-
]
4
tetragonal I41/amd a=5.331 c=17.552 4 498.8 27 27 reflective [15]
K2N6 [K+
]
2[N2−
6] 		planar hexazine dianion hexagonal P6/mmm a=5.281 c=2.661 1 64.27 50
reflective [15]
K9N56 [K+
]
18[N4−
6][N−
5]
14 · 18N
2
orthorhombic Ibam a=5.2380 b=34.560 c=23.205 8 4200.7 61 32 [16]
Sc2N6 triclinic P1 a=2.9170 b=4.328 c=4.812 α=99.36 β=104.29 γ=99.52 1 56.73 5.093 78 metallic [17]
Sc2N8 monoclinic P21/c a=3.3278 b=5.6802 c=7.3964 β=98.905° 2 138.13 4.857 metallic [17]
ScN5 monoclinic P21/m a=3.3225 b=6.440 c=3.7067 β=104.34 2 76.84 4.971 indirect semiconductor [17]
Sc4N3 cubic Fm3m a= 4.2492 4 233.9 6.301 125 [17]
TiN2 Ti4+N4−
2 		pernitride tetragonal I4/mcm a=4.334 c=5.294 4 99.44 0 385(7)[lower-alpha 3] 0 [18][19]
VN2 V4+N4−
2 		pernitride tetragonal I4/mcm a=4.3015 c=4.9827 4 92.195 5.6883 73.3 347 0 [20][21]
MnN4 chains triclinic P1 a=3.58 b=3.70 c=5.01

α=94.2° β=111.2° γ=71.6°

58.7 108 GPa [22]
FeN2 orthorhombic Pnnm a=4.431 b=3.722 c=2.421 2 39.93 58.5 [23]
FeN4 Fe2+[poly-N2−
4] 		1D chains, N4 torsion angle = 36°
polytetrazene geometry 		triclinic a=2.5089 b=3.524 c=3.5409

105.08 110.26 92.03

1 28.09 106 [23][7]: Figure S3 
CoN2 orthorhombic Pnnm 31 GPa 216 [24]
CoN3 orthorhombic Pnma a=2.555 b=3.463 c=10.655 90-120 GPa [25]
CoN5 monoclinic C2/c a=4.951 b=6.910 c=8.062 β=95.77 90-120 GPa [25]
ZnN4 1D chain orthorhombic Ibam 14-130 GPa [1]
YN6 N189+ rings 100 GPa [26]
Y(N5)3·N2 Y3+[N−
5]
3 · N
2 		pentazolate

nitrogen-inclusion

monoclinic P21/c a=9.617 b=6.932 c=6.609

β=95.13°

4 438.8 5.092 125 GPa [27]
Y2N11 N-double helix 100 GPa [26]
Y5N14 tetragonal P4/mbm a=8.451 c=4.7316 2 337.93 6.296 50 [28]
Nb2N3 orthorhombic Pnma a=7.897 b=2.857 c=7.660 4 8.755 56 GPa [29]
NbN2 tetragonal I4mm a=2.8365 c=11.444 4 8.723 80 GPa [29]
NbN4 monoclinic P21/n a=4.4827 b=5.4543 c=5.439

β=101.47

4 7.59 105:100-120 GPa [29]
NbN5 orthorhombic Fdd2 a=11.833 b=13.870 c=3.6001 16 7.323 100-120 GPa [29]
RuN2 Ru4+N4−
2 		pernitride orthorhombic Pnnm 0 [30]
RhN2 Rh4+N4−
2 		pernitride orthorhombic Pnnm 235 0
PdN2 Pd4+N4−
2 		pernitride Pa3 13 [31]
AgN7 N5 ring + N2 P1 15 GPa 5 black [32]
AgN5 P21/c 15 GPa [32]
AgN4 P1 26.3 GPa 12 [32]
CsN5 Cs+
N−
5 		pentazolate Pbca [33]
CsN5 triclinic P1 [33]
LaN8 N18 rings trigonal R3 [34]
LaN8 N8 cage tetragonal P4/n high energy density [34]
Ce2N6 N4 zigzags C2/m a=5.717 b=4.661 c=6.548

β=93.270

174.20 ambient [35]
CeN4 chains I41/a a=6.711 c=2.879 0 [36]
CeN6 hexazine R3m a=5.890 c=4.108 [36]
CeN14 sheet hexagonal P6mm a=5.748 c=2.447 [36]
CeN17 sheet hexagonal P6mm a=6.111 c=2.842 [36]
ReN2 [Re5+]
2[N4−
2][N3−]
2 		pernitride

nitride

monoclinic P21/c a=3.625 b=6.407 c=4.948

β=111.48°

0 330 0 very hard [37]
OsN2 Os4+N4−
2 		pernitride orthorhombic Pnnm 358 0 [2]
IrN2 Ir4+N4−
2 		pernitride monoclinic P21/c 428 0 [31][2]
PtN2 Pt4+N4−
2 		pernitride Pa3 372 0 [38]
PbN2 Pb2+N2−
2 		diazenide

(provisional, N2x- dimers)

tetragonal I4/mcm 65[lower-alpha 4] 15 [39]

Notes

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Extrapolated to zero pressure using the third-order Birch–Murnaghan equation of state
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Unknown polymorph
  3. ↑ Modeled using the third-order Birch–Murnaghan equation of state
  4. ↑ Extrapolated to zero pressure using the second-order Birch–Murnaghan equation of state

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Zhang, Yuchen; Huang, Xiaoli; Yao, Yansun; Zhang, Zihan; Tian, Fubo; Chen, Wuhao; Chen, Su; Jiang, Shuqing et al. (2022-03-16). "Dirac nodal-line semimetal zinc polynitride at high pressure" (in en). Physical Review B 105 (12). doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.105.125120. ISSN 2469-9950. Bibcode: 2022PhRvB.105l5120Z. https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevB.105.125120. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Young, Andrea F.; Sanloup, Chrystele; Gregoryanz, Eugene; Scandolo, Sandro; Hemley, Russell J.; Mao, Ho-kwang (2006-04-20). "Synthesis of Novel Transition Metal Nitrides IrN2 and OsN2" (in en). Physical Review Letters 96 (15). doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.155501. ISSN 0031-9007. PMID 16712167. Bibcode: 2006PhRvL..96o5501Y. https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.155501. 
  3. ↑ Miao, Maosheng; Sun, Yuanhui; Zurek, Eva; Lin, Haiqing (14 September 2020). "Chemistry under high pressure". Nature Reviews Chemistry 4 (10): 508–527. doi:10.1038/s41570-020-0213-0. https://par.nsf.gov/servlets/purl/10197262. 
  4. ↑ Schneider, Sebastian B.; Frankovsky, Rainer; Schnick, Wolfgang (2012-02-20). "High-Pressure Synthesis and Characterization of the Alkali Diazenide Li2N2" (in en). Angewandte Chemie International Edition 51 (8): 1873–1875. doi:10.1002/anie.201108252. ISSN 1433-7851. PMID 22241824. Bibcode: 2012ACIE...51.1873S. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/anie.201108252. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Laniel, Dominique; Weck, Gunnar; Loubeyre, Paul (2018-09-04). "Direct Reaction of Nitrogen and Lithium up to 75 GPa: Synthesis of the Li3N, LiN, LiN2, and LiN5 Compounds" (in en). Inorganic Chemistry 57 (17): 10685–10693. doi:10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b01325. ISSN 0020-1669. PMID 30137975. https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b01325. 
  6. ↑ Laniel, D.; Weck, G.; Gaiffe, G.; Garbarino, G.; Loubeyre, P. (2018-04-05). "High-Pressure Synthesized Lithium Pentazolate Compound Metastable under Ambient Conditions" (in en). The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters 9 (7): 1600–1604. doi:10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b00540. ISSN 1948-7185. PMID 29533665. Bibcode: 2018JPCL....9.1600L. https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b00540. 
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 Bykov, Maxim; Fedotenko, Timofey; Chariton, Stella; Laniel, Dominique; Glazyrin, Konstantin; Hanfland, Michael; Smith, Jesse S.; Prakapenka, Vitali B. et al. (2021-04-26). "High-Pressure Synthesis of Dirac Materials: Layered van der Waals Bonded BeN4 Polymorph" (in en). Physical Review Letters 126 (17). doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.126.175501. ISSN 0031-9007. PMID 33988447. Bibcode: 2021PhRvL.126q5501B. https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.126.175501. 
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Wang, Dong-Xue; Liu, Shuang; Yao, Zhen; Liu, Bing-Bing (2025-09-24). "Ambient pressure and size-tunable layered polynitride structures constructed from fourfold coordinated C 2 N 8 cages" (in en). Physical Review B 112 (9). doi:10.1103/ghcl-454r. ISSN 2469-9950. https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/ghcl-454r. 
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Bykov, Maxim; Tasca, Kelin R.; Batyrev, Iskander G.; Smith, Dean; Glazyrin, Konstantin; Chariton, Stella; Mahmood, Mohammad; Goncharov, Alexander F. (2020-10-19). "Dinitrogen as a Universal Electron Acceptor in Solid-State Chemistry: An Example of Uncommon Metallic Compounds Na3(N2)4 and NaN2" (in en). Inorganic Chemistry 59 (20): 14819–14826. doi:10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c01863. ISSN 0020-1669. PMID 33000943. https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c01863. 
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 Bykov, Maxim; Bykova, Elena; Chariton, Stella; Prakapenka, Vitali B.; Batyrev, Iskander G.; Mahmood, Mohammad F.; Goncharov, Alexander F. (2021). "Stabilization of pentazolate anions in the high-pressure compounds Na2N5 and NaN5 and in the sodium pentazolate framework NaN5·N2" (in en). Dalton Transactions 50 (21): 7229–7237. doi:10.1039/D1DT00722J. ISSN 1477-9226. PMID 33913993. https://xlink.rsc.org/?DOI=D1DT00722J. 
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 Bykov, Maxim; Bykova, Elena; Chariton, Stella; Prakapenka, Vitali B.; Batyrev, Iskander G.; Mahmood, Mohammad F.; Goncharov, Alexander F. (2021). "Supplementary Information: Stabilization of pentazolate anions in the high-pressure compounds Na2N5 and NaN5 and in the sodium pentazolate framework NaN5·N2" (in en). Dalton Transactions 50 (21): 7229–7237. doi:10.1039/D1DT00722J. ISSN 1477-9226. https://www.rsc.org/suppdata/d1/dt/d1dt00722j/d1dt00722j1.pdf. 
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 Laniel, Dominique; Winkler, Bjoern; Koemets, Egor; Fedotenko, Timofey; Bykov, Maxim; Bykova, Elena; Dubrovinsky, Leonid; Dubrovinskaia, Natalia (2019-10-04). "Synthesis of magnesium-nitrogen salts of polynitrogen anions" (in en). Nature Communications 10 (1): 4515. doi:10.1038/s41467-019-12530-w. ISSN 2041-1723. PMID 31586062. Bibcode: 2019NatCo..10.4515L. 
  13. ↑ Yu, Shuyin; Huang, Bowen; Zeng, Qingfeng; Oganov, Artem R.; Zhang, Litong; Frapper, Gilles (1 June 2017). "Emergence of Novel Polynitrogen Molecule-like Species, Covalent Chains, and Layers in Magnesium–Nitrogen MgxNy Phases under High Pressure". The Journal of Physical Chemistry C 121 (21): 11037–11046. doi:10.1021/acs.jpcc.7b00474. https://uspex-team.org/static/file/YuS_MgN_2017.pdf. "The poly-N42− chain is [modeled using DFT as] isotopological and isoelectronic to polythiazyl −(S2N2)x−, an inorganic metallic polymer.". 
  14. ↑ Jurzick, Pascal L.; Krach, Georg; Brüning, Lukas; Schnick, Wolfgang; Bykov, Maxim (2023-10-01). "Synthesis and crystal structure of silicon pernitride SiN2 at 140 GPa". Acta Crystallographica Section E 79 (10): 923–925. doi:10.1107/S2056989023008058. ISSN 2056-9890. Bibcode: 2023AcCrE..79..923J. https://journals.iucr.org/paper?S2056989023008058. 
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 Wang, Yu; Bykov, Maxim; Chepkasov, Ilya; Samtsevich, Artem; Bykova, Elena; Zhang, Xiao; Jiang, Shu-qing; Greenberg, Eran et al. (July 2022). "Stabilization of hexazine rings in potassium polynitride at high pressure" (in en). Nature Chemistry 14 (7): 794–800. doi:10.1038/s41557-022-00925-0. ISSN 1755-4330. Bibcode: 2022NatCh..14..794W. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41557-022-00925-0. 
  16. ↑ Laniel, Dominique; Trybel, Florian; Yin, Yuqing; Fedotenko, Timofey; Khandarkhaeva, Saiana; Aslandukov, Andrey; Aprilis, Georgios; Abrikosov, Alexei I. et al. (May 2023). "Aromatic hexazine [N64− anion featured in the complex structure of the high-pressure potassium nitrogen compound K9N56"] (in en). Nature Chemistry 15 (5): 641–646. doi:10.1038/s41557-023-01148-7. ISSN 1755-4330. PMID 36879075. Bibcode: 2023NatCh..15..641L. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41557-023-01148-7. 
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 17.2 17.3 Aslandukov, Andrey; Aslandukova, Alena; Laniel, Dominique; Khandarkhaeva, Saiana; Yin, Yuqing; Akbar, Fariia I.; Chariton, Stella; Prakapenka, Vitali et al. (2024-03-12). "Stabilization of N6 and N8 anionic units and 2D polynitrogen layers in high-pressure scandium polynitrides" (in en). Nature Communications 15 (1). doi:10.1038/s41467-024-46313-9. ISSN 2041-1723. PMID 38472167. PMC 11636835. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-024-46313-9. 
  18. ↑ Bhadram, Venkata S.; Kim, Duck Young; Strobel, Timothy A. (2016-03-22). "High-Pressure Synthesis and Characterization of Incompressible Titanium Pernitride" (in en). Chemistry of Materials 28 (6): 1616–1620. doi:10.1021/acs.chemmater.6b00042. ISSN 0897-4756. https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.chemmater.6b00042. 
  19. ↑ Bhadram, Venkata S.; Kim, Duck Young; Strobel, Timothy A. (2016-03-22). "Supplemental Material for "High-Pressure Synthesis and Characterization of Incompressible Titanium Pernitride"" (in en). Chemistry of Materials 28 (6): 1616–1620. doi:10.1021/acs.chemmater.6b00042. ISSN 0897-4756. https://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/acs.chemmater.6b00042/suppl_file/cm6b00042_si_001.pdf. 
  20. ↑ Asano, Shuto; Niwa, Ken; Sasaki, Takuya; Gaida, Nico Alexander; Hasegawa, Masashi (2022). "High pressure synthesis and the valence state of vanadium ions for the novel transition metal pernitride, CuAl2 -type VN2" (in en). Dalton Transactions 51 (7): 2656–2659. doi:10.1039/D1DT04310B. ISSN 1477-9226. PMID 35106526. http://xlink.rsc.org/?DOI=D1DT04310B. 
  21. ↑ Asano, Shuto; Niwa, Ken; Sasaki, Takuya; Hasegawa, Masashi (1 December 2023). "Thermal expansion behavior of vanadium pernitride, CuAl2-type VN2, synthesized under high pressures". Progress in Solid State Chemistry 72. doi:10.1016/j.progsolidstchem.2023.100426. 
  22. ↑ Zhang, Yuchen; Zhang, Kexin; Yu, Jingkun; Liu, Zhengtao; Jiang, Shuqing; Duan, Defang; Huang, Xiaoli; Cui, Tian (2024-04-25). "One-Dimensional Non-coplanar Nitrogen Chains in Manganese Tetranitride under High Pressure" (in en). The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters 15 (16): 4256–4262. doi:10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c00861. ISSN 1948-7185. PMID 38606677. Bibcode: 2024JPCL...15.4256Z. https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c00861. 
  23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 Bykov, M.; Bykova, E.; Aprilis, G.; Glazyrin, K.; Koemets, E.; Chuvashova, I.; Kupenko, I.; McCammon, C. et al. (2018-07-16). "Fe-N system at high pressure reveals a compound featuring polymeric nitrogen chains" (in en). Nature Communications 9 (1): 2756. doi:10.1038/s41467-018-05143-2. ISSN 2041-1723. PMID 30013071. Bibcode: 2018NatCo...9.2756B. 
  24. ↑ Niwa, Ken; Terabe, Toshiki; Kato, Daiki; Takayama, Shin; Kato, Masahiko; Soda, Kazuo; Hasegawa, Masashi (2017-06-05). "Highly Coordinated Iron and Cobalt Nitrides Synthesized at High Pressures and High Temperatures" (in en). Inorganic Chemistry 56 (11): 6410–6418. doi:10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b00516. ISSN 0020-1669. PMID 28509545. https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b00516. 
  25. ↑ 25.0 25.1 Chen, Huawei; Bykov, Maxim; Batyrev, Iskander G.; Brüning, Lukas; Bykova, Elena; Mahmood, Mohammad F.; Chariton, Stella; Prakapenka, Vitali B. et al. (2024-06-06). "High‐pressure Synthesis of Cobalt Polynitrides: Unveiling Intriguing Crystal Structures and Nitridation Behavior" (in en). Chemistry – A European Journal 30 (32). doi:10.1002/chem.202400536. ISSN 0947-6539. https://chemistry-europe.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/chem.202400536. 
  26. ↑ 26.0 26.1 Aslandukov, Andrey; Trybel, Florian; Aslandukova, Alena; Laniel, Dominique; Fedotenko, Timofey; Khandarkhaeva, Saiana; Aprilis, Georgios; Giacobbe, Carlotta et al. (2022-08-22). "Anionic N18 Macrocycles and a Polynitrogen Double Helix in Novel Yttrium Polynitrides YN6 and Y2N11 at 100 GPa" (in en). Angewandte Chemie International Edition 61 (34). doi:10.1002/anie.202207469. ISSN 1433-7851. PMID 35726633. Bibcode: 2022ACIE...61E7469A. 
  27. ↑ Aslandukov, Andrey; Yin, Yuqing; Bykov, Maxim; Aslandukova, Alena; Akbar, Fariia Iasmin; Lawrence Bright, Eleanor; Abrikosov, Igor A.; Dubrovinskaia, Natalia et al. (2025-05-19). "High-Pressure Synthesis of Nitrogen-rich Y(N5)3·N2 Pentazolate with Perovskite Topology" (in en). Angewandte Chemie International Edition 64 (31). doi:10.1002/anie.202506334. ISSN 1433-7851. PMID 40384618. 
  28. ↑ Aslandukov, Andrey; Aslandukova, Alena; Laniel, Dominique; Koemets, Iuliia; Fedotenko, Timofey; Yuan, Liang; Steinle-Neumann, Gerd; Glazyrin, Konstantin et al. (2021-08-19). "High-Pressure Yttrium Nitride, Y5N14, Featuring Three Distinct Types of Nitrogen Dimers" (in en). The Journal of Physical Chemistry C 125 (32): 18077–18084. doi:10.1021/acs.jpcc.1c06210. ISSN 1932-7447. https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.jpcc.1c06210. 
  29. ↑ 29.0 29.1 29.2 29.3 Chen, Huawei; Bykov, Maxim; Batyrev, Iskander G.; Brüning, Lukas; Bykova, Elena; Mahmood, Mohammad F.; Chariton, Stella; Prakapenka, Vitali B. et al. (2024-12-21). "Synthesis and Stability of High-Energy-Density Niobium Nitrides under High-Pressure Conditions" (in en). Inorganic Chemistry 64 (1): 692–700. doi:10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c03331. ISSN 0020-1669. PMID 39707975. https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c03331. 
  30. ↑ Niwa, Ken; Suzuki, Kentaro; Muto, Shunsuke; Tatsumi, Kazuyoshi; Soda, Kazuo; Kikegawa, Takumi; Hasegawa, Masashi (2014-10-20). "Discovery of the Last Remaining Binary Platinum-Group Pernitride RuN2" (in en). Chemistry – A European Journal 20 (43): 13885–13888. doi:10.1002/chem.201404165. ISSN 0947-6539. PMID 25205266. Bibcode: 2014ChEuJ..2013885N. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/chem.201404165. 
  31. ↑ 31.0 31.1 Crowhurst, Jonathan C.; Goncharov, Alexander F.; Sadigh, B.; Zaug, J.M.; Aberg, D.; Meng, Yue; Prakapenka, Vitali B. (January 2008). "Synthesis and characterization of nitrides of iridium and palladium" (in en). Journal of Materials Research 23 (1): 1–5. doi:10.1557/JMR.2008.0027. ISSN 0884-2914. Bibcode: 2008JMatR..23....1C. http://link.springer.com/10.1557/JMR.2008.0027. 
  32. ↑ 32.0 32.1 32.2 Zhang, Huimin; Liu, Ran; Yuan, Jiajing; Wang, Dongxue; Liu, Ran; Wang, Yuanyuan; Liu, Zhaodong; Yao, Zhen et al. (2025-11-01). "Stabilized N5 and N6 rings in the Ag–N system under modest pressure" (in en). Matter and Radiation at Extremes 10 (6). doi:10.1063/5.0282196. ISSN 2468-2047. https://pubs.aip.org/mre/article/10/6/067801/3361969/Stabilized-N5-and-N6-rings-in-the-Ag-N-system. 
  33. ↑ 33.0 33.1 Steele, Brad A.; Stavrou, Elissaios; Crowhurst, Jonathan C.; Zaug, Joseph M.; Prakapenka, Vitali B.; Oleynik, Ivan I. (2017-01-24). "High-Pressure Synthesis of a Pentazolate Salt" (in en). Chemistry of Materials 29 (2): 735–741. doi:10.1021/acs.chemmater.6b04538. ISSN 0897-4756. https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.chemmater.6b04538. 
  34. ↑ 34.0 34.1 Zhang, Yuchen; Ding, Chi; Zhang, Kexin; Pakhomova, Anna; Chen, Su; Ding, Yingji; Jiang, Shuqing; Huang, Xiaoli et al. (2024-09-03). "All-Single Bonds Fused N18 Macro-Rings and N8 Cagelike Building Blocks Stabilized in Lanthanum Supernitrides" (in en). Journal of the American Chemical Society. doi:10.1021/jacs.4c07955. ISSN 0002-7863. PMID 39225242. https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jacs.4c07955. 
  35. ↑ Zhang, Huimin; Zhang, Ying; Wang, Yuanyuan; Sui, Minghong; Yue, Lei; Liu, Shuang; Li, Quanjun; Liu, Zhaodong et al. (2024-09-16). "Recoverable Zigzag N4 Chains in High-Pressure Synthesized Cerium Polynitride" (in en). Advanced Functional Materials 34 (49). doi:10.1002/adfm.202411470. ISSN 1616-301X. Bibcode: 2024AdvFM..3411470Z. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/adfm.202411470. 
  36. ↑ 36.0 36.1 36.2 36.3 Wang, Yuanyuan; Li, Zhihui; Li, Ruixin; Li, Yi; Liu, Shuang; Yao, Zhen; Liu, Bingbing (24 July 2023). "Two Ultrahigh-Energy-Density Layered Cerium Polynitrides with Molecular Sieve Channel". Inorganic Chemistry 62 (29): 11674–11681. doi:10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c01532. PMID 37417932. 
  37. ↑ Bykov, Maxim; Chariton, Stella; Fei, Hongzhan; Fedotenko, Timofey; Aprilis, Georgios; Ponomareva, Alena V.; Tasnádi, Ferenc; Abrikosov, Igor A. et al. (2019-07-05). "High-pressure synthesis of ultraincompressible hard rhenium nitride pernitride Re2(N2)(N)2 stable at ambient conditions" (in en). Nature Communications 10 (1): 2994. doi:10.1038/s41467-019-10995-3. ISSN 2041-1723. PMID 31278267. Bibcode: 2019NatCo..10.2994B. 
  38. ↑ Crowhurst, Jonathan C.; Goncharov, Alexander F.; Sadigh, Babak; Evans, Cheryl L.; Morrall, Peter G.; Ferreira, James L.; Nelson, A. J. (2006-03-03). "Synthesis and Characterization of the Nitrides of Platinum and Iridium" (in en). Science 311 (5765): 1275–1278. doi:10.1126/science.1121813. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 16513980. Bibcode: 2006Sci...311.1275C. https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.1121813. 
  39. ↑ Niwa, Ken; Ogasawara, Hirokazu; Sasaki, Takuya; Nomura, Shunsuke; Azuma, Gendai; Pitié, Sylvain; Frapper, Gilles; Hasegawa, Masashi (2025). "High-pressure synthesis of PbN2, the missing group 14 AN2-type compound" (in en). Journal of Materials Chemistry A 13 (26): 20588–20596. doi:10.1039/D5TA01488C. ISSN 2050-7488. https://xlink.rsc.org/?DOI=D5TA01488C. 



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