Chemistry:Retrorsine
Retrorsine (RTS or RS) is a naturally occurring pyrrolizidine alkaloid primarily found in plants of the genus Senecio.[1][2] It was first isolated from the plant Senecio retrorsus (now usually classified under Senecio latifolius) and named by the Canadian chemist Richard H.F. Manske in 1931.[3] Known for its potent hepatotoxicity (one of the most potent liver toxin among pyrrolizidine alkaloids) and carcinogenicity, it is a significant plant toxin affecting livestock and humans through contaminated feed and herbal products.[1][2][4][5]
In biomedical research, retrorsine is used to induce selective liver injury in animal models to study liver regeneration and liver transplantation, due to its ability to block the cell cycle of host hepatocytes without killing them immediately, such as the retrorsine/partial hepatectomy (RS/PH) model.[2][6][7][8][9]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Guo, Li; Zhang, Li; Xu, Haiman; Yu, Pei; Wang, Zhigang; Lu, Danyi; Chen, Min; Wu, Baojian (2021-09-02). "Diurnal hepatic CYP3A11 contributes to chronotoxicity of the pyrrolizidine alkaloid retrorsine in mice". Xenobiotica 51 (9): 1019–1028. doi:10.1080/00498254.2021.1950867. ISSN 0049-8254. PMID 34311664.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Zhu, Yanli; Zhang, Shuhang; Shao, Yin; Tang, Lihui; Zhang, Congcheng; Tang, Shiyu; Lu, Hao (2024). "Regulatory role of oxidative stress in retrorsine – Induced apoptosis and autophagy in primary rat hepatocytes". Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 279. doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116515. PMID 38810283. Bibcode: 2024EcoES.27916515Z.
- ↑ Manske, Richard H. F. (1931-12-01). "THE ALKALOIDS OF SENECIO SPECIES: I. THE NECINES AND NECIC ACIDS FROM S . RETRORSUS AND S . JACOBAEA". Canadian Journal of Research 5 (6): 651–659. doi:10.1139/cjr31-103. ISSN 1923-4287. Bibcode: 1931CJRes...5..651M.
- ↑ Schoental, Regina (1959). "Liver lesions in young rats suckled by mothers treated with the pyrrolizidine (Senecio) alkaloids, lasiocarpine and retrorsine". The Journal of Pathology and Bacteriology 77 (2): 485–495. doi:10.1002/path.1700770220. ISSN 0368-3494. PMID 13642195.
- ↑ Mulder, Patrick P.J.; López, Patricia; Castelari, Massimo; Bodi, Dorina; Ronczka, Stefan; Preiss-Weigert, Angelika; These, Anja (2018-01-02). "Occurrence of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in animal- and plant-derived food: results of a survey across Europe". Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A 35 (1): 118–133. doi:10.1080/19440049.2017.1382726. ISSN 1944-0049. PMID 28942718.
- ↑ Laconi, Ezio; Oren, Ran; Mukhopadhyay, Deb K.; Hurston, Ethel; Laconi, Sergio; Pani, Paolo; Dabeva, Mariana D.; Shafritz, David A. (1998). "Long-Term, Near-Total Liver Replacement by Transplantation of Isolated Hepatocytes in Rats Treated with Retrorsine". The American Journal of Pathology 153 (1): 319–329. doi:10.1016/S0002-9440(10)65574-5. PMID 9665494.
- ↑ Shafritz, David A.; Oertel, Michael (2011). "Model systems and experimental conditions that lead to effective repopulation of the liver by transplanted cells". The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology 43 (2): 198–213. doi:10.1016/j.biocel.2010.01.013. PMID 20080205.
- ↑ Laconi, Sergio; Doratiotto, Silvia; Montisci, Stefania; Pani, Paolo; Laconi, Ezio (2008). "Repopulation by Endogenous Hepatocytes Does Not Reconstitute Liver Mass in Rats Treated with Retrorsine". Cell Transplantation 17 (12): 1415–1421. doi:10.3727/096368908787648128. ISSN 0963-6897. PMID 19364078.
- ↑ Tsuchida, Tomonori; Murata, Soichiro; Matsuki, Koichiro; Mori, Akihiro; Matsuo, Megumi; Mikami, Satoshi; Okamoto, Satoshi; Ueno, Yasuharu et al. (2019-12-26). "The Regenerative Effect of Portal Vein Injection of Liver Organoids by Retrorsine/Partial Hepatectomy in Rats". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21 (1): 178. doi:10.3390/ijms21010178. ISSN 1422-0067. PMID 31887985.
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