Chemistry:Santalin

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Santalins (or mistaken referred as sandalins) are a group of naturally occurring red pigments isolated from the heartwood of the red sandalwood tree,[1] Pterocarpus santalinus. Such pigments include at least, santalin A, and santalin B,[2] which have been described chemically and used historically as natural dyes and histological stains.[3][4][5]

Occurrence and chemistry

Santalins are found in the heartwood of Pterocarpus santalinus (known as red sandalwood),[6] a traditionally valued timber and dye source. Extracts containing santalins have been used as natural red dyes and have applications in traditional dyeing, historical textiles,[7] and elsewhere (e.g. colorimetric studies).[8] In histology and dye chemistry literature, santalins have been discussed in relation to other redwood pigments, such as santarubins.[9]

Chemically, santalins are polycyclic phenolic pigments. Santalin A and santalin B differ by substitution on the aromatic ring (methoxy vs hydroxy derivatives). Their structures were elucidated by degradative and spectroscopic methods (including NMR and UV–visible spectroscopy).[3]

Research and bioactivity

Studies of red sandalwood constituents have focused mainly on dye chemistry and pigment structure elucidation.

Some related constituents from other wood species have been investigated for biological activity, but santalins themselves are primarily documented as pigments/dyes,[10] rather than studied as bioactive natural products.[3]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Gurudutt, Kambadoor N.; Seshadri, Tiruvenkata R. (1974). "Constitution of the santalin pigments A and B". Phytochemistry (Elsevier BV) 13 (12): 2845–2847. doi:10.1016/0031-9422(74)80254-2. ISSN 0031-9422. Bibcode: 1974PChem..13.2845G. 
  2. ↑ "Santalin B". https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Santalin-B. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Arnone, A. (1975). "Structures of the red sandalwood pigments santalins A and B". Journal of the Chemical Society, Perkin Transactions 1 (2): 186–191. doi:10.1039/p19750000186. 
  4. ↑ CID Santalin-A from PubChem
  5. ↑ CID Santalin-B from PubChem
  6. ↑ Walpola, Buddhi Charana; Subasinghe, Siripala; Yoon, Min-Ho (2011). "Pterocarpus santalinus Linn. f. (Rath handun): A review of its botany, uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology". Journal of the Korean Society for Applied Biological Chemistry (Springer Science and Business Media LLC) 54 (4): 495–500. doi:10.3839/jksabc.2011.076. ISSN 1738-2203. 
  7. ↑ "Dyeing With Red Sandalwood (Pterocarpus Santalinus)". https://shepherdtextiles.com/dyeing-with-red-sandalwood. 
  8. ↑ Ranjita, M; Balakrishnan, M; Ramalakshmi, A; Thirupathi, V; Rammohan, S; Fathima, P R (2024-12-16). "Application of santalin dye extracted from Pterocarpus santalinus (red sandalwood) as a natural colorimetric indicator for real-time monitoring of spoilage in ready-to-cook idly batter". Plant Science Today (Horizon E-Publishing Group) 11 (sp4): 5574. doi:10.14719/pst.5574. ISSN 2348-1900. Bibcode: 2024PlScT..11.5574R. 
  9. ↑ Banerjee, A. (1981). "Chemical aspects of santalin as a histological stain". Journal of the Indian Institute of Science. 
  10. ↑ Barkaat, Samra; Mehboob, Maria; Adeel, Shahid; Fazal-ur-Rehman, Fazal-ur-Rehman; Amin, Nimra; Habib, Noman; Hosseinnezhad, Mozhgan (2023-02-07). "Sustainable Microwave-Assisted Extraction of Santalin from Red Sandal Wood Powder (Ptrecarpus santalinus) for Bio-Coloration of Mordanted Silk Fabric". Separations (MDPI AG) 10 (2): 118. doi:10.3390/separations10020118. ISSN 2297-8739. 



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