Chemistry:Sulfate chloride

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Short description: Class of chemical compounds
Sulfate chloride
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
Infobox references

The sulfate chlorides are double salts containing both sulfate (SO42–) and chloride (Cl–) anions. They are distinct from the chlorosulfates, which have a chlorine atom attached to the sulfur as the ClSO3− anion.

Many minerals in this family exist. Many are found associated with volcanoes and fumaroles. As minerals they are included in the Nickel-Strunz classification group 7.DG.

The book Hey's Chemical Index of Minerals groups these in subgroup 12.2.[dubious – discuss]

List

name formula ratio system space group unit cell volume density optical references
Arzrunite Cu4Pb2(SO4)(OH)4Cl6 · 2H2O (?) 1:6 orthorhombic Blue Biaxial [1]
Connellite Cu19(SO4)(OH)32Cl4 · 3H2O 1:4 hexagonal P62c a = 15.78 c = 9.10 1,962 3.36 blue

Uniaxial (+) nω = 1.724 – 1.746 nε = 1.738 – 1.758

Birefringence: 0.026

[2]
Potassium Zinc Sulfate Chloride K2Zn(SO4)Cl3 ? 1:3
Chlorothionite K2Cu(SO4)Cl2 1:2 orthorhombic Pnma a = 7.73 b = 6.07 c = 16.29 764 2.67 pale blue

Biaxial (+)

[3]
Sundiusite Pb10(SO4)O8Cl2 1:2 monoclinic a = 24.67 b = 3.781 c = 11.881 β = 100.07 1091.1 Biaxial (+) nα = 2.100 nγ = 2.170

Max birefringence: δ = 0.070

[4]
Sodium Potassium Iron Sulfate Chloride (Na,K)2Fe(SO4)Cl2 1:2
Mammothite Pb6Cu4AlSb5+O2(OH)16Cl4(SO4)2 1:2 monoclinic C2 a = 18.959 b = 7.3399 c = 11.363 β = 112.428(9)° Z=2 1461.6 5.21 blue-green

Biaxial (+) nα = 1.868 nβ = 1.892 nγ = 1.928

2V:measured: 80°

Birefringence: 0.060

[5]
Zn Sulfate Chloride Hydroxide Zn3(SO4)(Cl,OH)2 1:2 [6]
Tatarskite Ca6Mg2(SO4)2(CO3)2(OH)4Cl4 · 7H2O 2:4 Orthorhombic 2.431 Biaxial (-) nα = 1.567 nβ = 1.654 nγ = 1.722

2V: 83°

[7]
Therasiaite (NH4)3KNa2Fe2+Fe3+(SO4)3Cl5 3:5 monoclinic a = 18.284, b = 12.073, c = 9.535 Å, β = 108.10°, and Z = 4 V = 2000.6 Å3 brown [8]
Acmonidesite (NH4,K,Pb)8NaFe2+4(SO4)5Cl8 5:8 orthorhombic a = 9.841 Å, b = 19.448 Å, c = 17.847 Å Z=4 3,415.70 Å3 [9]
'Ammonium-Kainite' NH4Mg(SO4)Cl•3H2O 1:1
Anhydrokainite KMg(SO4)Cl 1:1 [10]
Belousovite KZn(SO4)Cl 1:1 monoclinic P21/c a = 6.8904 b = 9.6115 c = 8.2144 β = 96.582 Z = 4 540.43 [11]
Gordaite NaZn4(SO4)(OH)6Cl · 6H2O 1:1 trigonal P3 a=8.35 c=13.08 802.67 Uniaxial (-) nω = 1.561 nε = 1.538

Max birefringence: δ = 0.023

[12]
Kainite KMg(SO4)Cl · 3H2O 1:1 monoclinic a = 19.72 b = 16.23 c = 9.53 β = 94.92° 3,039 2.15 Biaxial (-) nα = 1.494 nβ = 1.505 nγ = 1.516

2V: measured: 90° , calculated: 88°

Max birefringence: δ = 0.022

[13]
Spangolite Cu6Al(SO4)(OH)12Cl · 3H2O 1:1 trigonal P31c a = 8.24 c = 14.34 Z=2 843.2 3.14 blue-green

Uniaxial (-) nω = 1.694 nε = 1.641

Max birefringence: δ = 0.053

[14]
Thérèsemagnanite NaCo4(SO4)(OH)6Cl · 6H2O 1:1 trigonal P3 a = 8.349 c = 13.031 786.6 2.52 Uniaxial (-) ω=1.792 nε=1.786

Max birefringence: δ = 0.006

[15][16]
Vendidaite Al2(SO4)(OH)3Cl·6H2O 1:1 monoclinic C2/c a = 11.925 b = 16.134 c = 7.4573 β = 125.815° 1163.4 1.97 Biaxial (+) nα = 1.522 nβ = 1.524 nγ = 1.527

2V: calculated: 79°

Max birefringence: δ = 0.005

[17]
Xitieshanite Fe3+(SO4)Cl · 6H2O 1:1 monoclinic P21/a a = 14.102 b = 6.908 c = 10.673 β = 111.26° Z=4 968.97 1.99 Biaxial (+) nα = 1.536 nβ = 1.570 nγ = 1.628

2V: measured: 77° , calculated: 78°

Max birefringence: δ = 0.092

[18]
Zn Sulfate-Hydroxide-Chloride-Hydrate Zn9(SO4)2(OH)12Cl2 · 6H2O 2:2 trigonal R3 a = 8.275 c = 32.000 Z=3 1,897.6 [19]
Gordaite-related Ca-Zn Sulfate Chloride Hydrate Ca[Zn8(SO4)2(OH)12Cl2](H2O)9 2:2 trigonal R3c a = 8.3797 Å, c = 68.123 Z=6 4142.7 [20]
UM1987-14-SO:ClHZn Zn12(SO4)3Cl3(OH)15•5H2O 3:3
Aubertite CuAl(SO4)2Cl · 14H2O 2:1 triclinic P1 a=6.28 b=13.23 c=6.28 α=91.17°, β=94.67°, γ=82.45° 515.50 1.815 blue

Biaxial (-) nα = 1.462 nβ = 1.482 nγ = 1.495

2V: measured: 71° , calculated: 76°

Max birefringence: δ = 0.033

[21]
Magnesioaubertite (Mg,Cu)Al(SO4)2Cl · 14H2O 2:1 triclinic P1 a = 6.31 b = 13.20 c = 6.29 α = 91.74°, β = 94.55°, γ = 82.62° 517.8 Biaxial (-) nα = 1.466 nβ = 1.481 nγ = 1.488

2V: measured: 112° to 114°, calculated: 66°

Max birefringence: δ = 0.022

[22]
Kamchatkite KCu3(SO4)2OCl 2:1 orthorhombic Pnma a = 9.755 b = 7.015 c = 12.866 881.8 3.48 greenish-yellow

Biaxial (+) nα = 1.695 nβ = 1.718 nγ = 1.759

2V: measured: 75° , calculated: 76°

Max birefringence: δ = 0.064

[23]
Aiolosite Na4Bi(SO4)3Cl 3:1 hexagonal P63/m a = 9.626 c = 6.880 552.1 3.589 Uniaxial (+) nω = 1.590 nε = 1.600

Max birefringence: δ = 0.010

[24]
Caracolite Na3Pb2(SO4)3Cl 3:1 monoclinic P63/m a = 19.62 b = 7.14 c = 9.81 β = 120° 1190 5.1 Biaxial (-) nα = 1.743 nβ = 1.754 nγ = 1.764

Max Birefringence: δ = 0.021

[25]
D'Ansite Na21Mg(SO4)10Cl3 10:3 isometric I43d a = 15.913 Z = 4 4,029.55 2.59 isotropic n=1.488 [26]
D'Ansite-(Fe) Na21Fe2+(SO4)10Cl3 10:3 isometric I43d

a = 15.882 Z=4

 4,006.04 2.62 Isotropic n = 1.51 [27]
D'Ansite-(Mn) Na21Mn2+(SO4)10Cl3 10:3 isometric I43d a = 15.929 Z=4 4,041.79 2.610 Isotropic n = 1.50 [28]
Adranosite (NH4)4NaAl2(SO4)4Cl(OH)2 4:1 tetragonal I41/acd a = 18.118, c = 11.320 3,715.9 [29]
Adranosite-(Fe) (NH4)4NaFe3+2(SO4)4Cl(OH)2 4:1 tetragonal I41/acd a = 18.261, c = 11.562 Z=8 3855.5 Uniaxial (-) nω = 1.580 nε = 1.570 Birefringence: δ = 0.010 [30]
Bluelizardite Na7(UO2)(SO4)4Cl(H2O)2 4:1 monoclinic C2/c a = 21.1507 b = 5.3469 c = 34.6711 β = 104.913° Z=8 3788.91 3.116 yellow

Biaxial (-) nα = 1.515(1) nβ = 1.540(1) nγ = 1.545(1)

2V: measured: 48°, calculated: 47.6°

Max birefringence: δ = 0.030

[31]
Piypite K4Cu4O2(SO4)4 · (Na,Cu)Cl 4:1 Tetragonal a = 13.6 c = 4.95 Z=2 915.6 3.1 green

Uniaxial (+) nω = 1.583 nε = 1.695

Max Birefringence:δ = 0.112

[32]
Atlasovite K(BiO)Cu6Fe3+(SO4)5O3Cl 5:1 tetragonal P4/ncc a = 9.86, c = 20.58 2,001 4.2 Uniaxial (-) nω = 1.783 nε = 1.776 Birefringence: δ = 0.007 [33]
Three or more anions
Marinellite (Na,K)42Ca6(Al6Si6O24)6(SO4)8Cl2 · 3H2O 2:8 Trigonal P31c a = 12.88 c = 31.761 4563 2.405 Uniaxial (+) nω = 1.495 nε = 1.497

Max birefringence: δ = 0.002

[34]
Philolithite Pb12O6Mn7(SO4)(CO3)4Cl4(OH)12 1:4 Tetragonal a = 12.627 c = 12.595 Z=2 2008.2 green

Biaxial (+) nα = 1.920 nβ = 1.940 nγ = 1.950

Max birefringence: δ = 0.030

[35]
Symesite Pb10(SO4)O7Cl4 · H2O 1:4 triclinic P1 a = 8.821 b = 10.776 c = 13.134 α = 68.96°, β = 86.52°, γ = 75.65° Z=2 1128.4 7.3 pink

Biaxial nα = 2.120 nγ = 2.160

Max birefringence: δ = 0.040

[36]
Bobmeyerite Pb4(Al3Cu)(Si4O12)(S0.5Si0.5O4)(OH)7Cl(H2O)3 1:2 Orthorhombic Pnnm a = 13.969 b = 14.24 c = 5.893 Z=2 1173.6 4.381 Biaxial (-) nα = 1.756(4) nβ = 1.759(2) nγ = 1.759(2)

Max birefringence: δ = 0.003

[37]
Microsommite Na4K2Ca2(Al6Si6O24)(SO4)Cl2 1:2 Hexagonal a = 22.08 c = 5.33 2,250 Uniaxial (+) nω = 1.521 nε = 1.529

Max birefringence: δ = 0.008

[38]
Mattheddleite Pb5(SiO4)1.5(SO4)1.5(Cl,OH) 3:2 Hexagonal P63/m a = 10.0056, c = 7.496 Z=2 649.9 6.96 Uniaxial (-) nω = 2.017 nε = 1.999 Birefringence: δ = 0.018 [39]
Afghanite (Na,K)22Ca10[Si24Al24O96](SO4)6Cl6 6:6 Trigonal a = 12.796, c = 21.409 Z = 1 3,015.16 2.54 Uniaxial (+) nω = 1.523 nε = 1.529 δ = 0.006 [40]
Alloriite (Na,Ca,K)26Ca4(Al6Si6O24)4(SO4)6Cl6 6:6 trigonal P31c a = 12.892 c = 21.340 Z=4 3,071.61 2.35 Uniaxial (+) nω = 1.497(2) nε = 1.499(2)

Max birefringence: δ = 0.002

[41]
Eztlite Pb2+2Fe3+3(Te4+ O3)3(SO4)O2Cl 1:1 monoclinic Cm a = 11.466 b = 19.775 c = 20.52 β = 20.52° Z=2 2322.6 4.5 red

Biaxial nα = 2.140 nγ = 2.150

Max birefringence: δ = 0.010

[42]
Vlodavetsite AlCa2(SO4)2F2Cl · 4H2O 1:1 Tetragonal I4/m a = 6.870, c = 13.342 Z=2 629.70 Uniaxial (+) nω = 1.509 nε = 1.526

Birefringence: δ = 0.017

[43]
Liottite (Na,K)16Ca8(Al6Si6O24)3(SO4)5Cl4 5:4 Hexagonal a = 12.84 c = 16.09 2,297 Uniaxial (-) nω = 1.530 nε = 1.528

Max birefringence: δ = 0.002

[44]
Chlorellestadite Ca10(SiO4)3(SO4)3Cl2 3:2 Hexagonal P63/m a = 9.6002 c = 6.8692 Z=2 548.27 3.091 Uniaxial (-) nω = 1.664 nε = 1.659

Max birefringence δ = 0.005

[45]
Heidornite Na2Ca3B5O8(SO4)2Cl(OH)2 2:1 monoclinic a = 10.19 b = 7.76 c = 18.81 β = 93.33° Z=4 1,484.88 2.753 Biaxial (+) nα = 1.579 nβ = 1.588 nγ = 1.604

2V: measured: 63° to 77°, calculated: 76°

Max birefringence: δ = 0.025

[46]
Mineevite-(Y) Na25Ba(Y,Gd,Dy)2(CO3)11(HCO3)4(SO4)2F2Cl 2:1 hexagonal P63/m a = 8.811 c = 37.03 2,489.6 2.85 Pale green

Uniaxial (-) nω = 1.536 nε = 1.510

Max birefringence: δ = 0.026

[47]
Sulphohalite Na6(SO4)2FCl 2:1 Isometric Fm3m a = 10.065, Z = 4 1,019.6 isotropic n=1.455 [48][49]
Tounkite (Na,Ca,K)8(Al6Si6O24)(SO4)2Cl · H2O 2:1 hexagonal a = 12.84 c = 32.23 4,602 Uniaxial (+) nω = 1.528 nε = 1.543

Max birefringence: δ = 0.015

[50]
Alloriite Na19K6Ca5[Al22Si26O96](SO4)5Cl(CO3)x(H2O) 5:1 trigonal P31c a = 12.892 c = 21.340 [51]
Galeite Na15(SO4)5F4Cl 5:1 trigonal a = 12.17 c = 13.94 1788 Uniaxial (+) nω = 1.447 nε = 1.449

Max birefringence: δ = 0.002

Nabokoite KCu7(SO4)5(Te4+O3)OCl 5:1 Tetragonal a = 9.84 Å, c = 20.52 1,986.86 nω = 1.778 nε = 1.773 uniaxial (-) [52]
Schairerite Na21(SO4)7ClF6 7:1 Trigonal a = 12.17 c = 19.29 2,474 2.612 Uniaxial (+) nω = 1.440 nε = 1.445

Max birefringence: δ = 0.005

[53]
Hanksite Na22K(SO4)9(CO3)2Cl 9:1 Hexagonal P 63/m a = 10.4896 c = 21.2415 2024.1 [54]
Sacrofanite (Na61K19Ca32)(Si84Al84O336)(SO4)26Cl2F6•2H2O 26:2 hexagonal P62c a = 12.86 c = 72.24 Z=14 10,346 2.423 Uniaxial (-) nω = 1.505 nε = 1.486

Max birefringence:δ = 0.019

[55]

Artificial

name formula ratio

SO4:Cl

system space group unit cell volume density optical references
'Ammonium-zinc-Kainite' NH4Zn(SO4)Cl•3H2O 1:1
nonasodium tetrakis(sulfate) chloride diperhydrate Na9[SO4]4Cl·2H2O2 4:1 tetragonal P 4/n MW=694.63 a=29.6829 b=29.6829 c=8.4018 Z=16 7402.6 2.493 colourless [56]
'zinc-Kainite' KZn(SO4)Cl•3H2O 1:1 n=1.24 [57]
indium sulfate chloride In2(SO4)3•InCl3•(17±1)H2O 3:3 [58]
Na3Ca2(SO4)3Cl 3:1 hexagonal P63/m [59]
Na3Ca2(SO4)3Cl 3:1 orthorhombic >897K [60]
Na3Cd2(SO4)3Cl 3:1 hexagonal P63/m [59]
Na3Cd2(SO4)3Cl 3:1 monoclinic >494K [60]
K3Ca2(SO4)3Cl 3:1 [61]
K3Pb2(SO4)3Cl 3:1 [62]
K4Sb(SO4)3Cl 3:1 noncentrosymmetric non-linear optic high birefringence. [63]
Calcium chlorosulfatosilicate Ca10(SiO4)3(SO4)3Cl2 3:2 hexagonal a=9.688 c=6.849 monoaxial,(-) , No = 1.665, Ne' = 1.659 [64]
[Fe2Al4(OH)11](SO4)3Cl 3:1
Lithium gordaite LiZn4(OH)6(SO4)Cl·6H2O 1:1 ?c=17.84 [65]
K3Sn2(SO4)3Cl 3:1 stable to 440 °C [66]
Rb3Sn2(SO4)2Cl3 2:3 monoclinic C2/m a=21.153 b=5.1751 c= 6.9327 β =95.844 Z=2 754.97 3.485 stable to 350 °C [66]
(NH4)SbCl2(SO4) 1:2 orthorhombic P212121 a=6.3616 b=7.3110 c=15.827 Z=2 736.13 2.768 colourless SHG 1.7×KDP [67]
(NH4)2SbCl(SO4)2 2:1 orthorhombic Pnma a=8.6044 b=16.5821 c=7.1007 Z=2 1013.1 2.527 colourless [67]
RbSbSO4Cl2 1:2 orthorhombic P212121 a=6.3469 b=7.4001 c=15.7798 Z=2 741.14 3.353 SHG 2.7×KDP [68]
Cs3Sn2(SO4)2Cl3 monoclinic C2/m a=22.222 b=5.1992 c= 7.2661 β =97.030 Z=2 833.17 3.725 stable to 190 °C [66]
gadolinium chloride sulfate GdClSO4 1:1 monoclinic P21/c a = 9.437 6.5759 6.8005 β = 104.87 Z=4 [69]
KBiCl2SO4 1:2 orthorhombic P212121 a= 7.2890 b=6.3673 c=15.3306 Z=4 711.51 3.875 band gap 3.95 eV [70]
RbBiCl2SO4 1:2 orthorhombic P212121 a= 6.3352 b=7.4450 c=15.5302 Z=4 732.49 4.184 colourless NLO SHG [71]
NH4BiCl2SO4 1:2 orthorhombic P212121 a=7.3845 b=6.3593 c=15.5636 Z=4 730.87 3.581 colourless NLO SHG [71]
bismuth guanidinium dichloride sulfate [C(NH2)3]BiCl2SO4 1:2 triclinic P1 a=6.4179 b=12.8984 c=12.9703 α=61.965° β=88.400° γ=76.935° Z=2 919.33 3.150 birefringence 0.143@546 nm [72]
Tripotassium dibismuth pentachloride dioxide disulfate K3Bi2Cl5O2(SO4)2 2:5 triclinic P1 a=6.513 b=7.2500 c=10.7916 al=82.500 be=83.742 ga=82.100 485.89 band gap 3.62 eV [73]
K4[(NpO2)(SO4)2]Cl 2:1 monoclinic P2/n a=10.0873 b=4.5354 c=14.3518 β=103.383 Z=2 638.76 3.395 light green [74]
Rb4[(NpO2)(SO4)2]Cl 2:1 monoclinic P2/n a=10.5375 b=4.6151 c=16.068 β=103.184 Z=2 599.33 3.982 light green [74]
complexes
[Pt2(SO4)4Cl(H2O)]3- 4:1 [75]
Hf(SO4)2Cl− 2:1 [76]

Some "chloride sulfates" are sold as solutions in water and used for water treatment. these include ferric chloride sulfate and polyaluminium sulfate chloride. The solutions may also be called "chlorosulfates" even though they do not contain a chlorosulfate group.

References

  1. ↑ "Arzrunite: Mineral information, data and localities.". https://www.mindat.org/min-381.html. 
  2. ↑ "Connellite: Mineral information, data and localities.". https://www.mindat.org/min-1120.html. 
  3. ↑ "Chlorothionite: Mineral information, data and localities.". https://www.mindat.org/min-982.html. 
  4. ↑ "Sundiusite: Mineral information, data and localities.". https://www.mindat.org/min-3828.html. 
  5. ↑ "Mammothite: Mineral information, data and localities.". https://www.mindat.org/min-2556.html. 
  6. ↑ "Unnamed (Zn Sulfate Chloride Hydroxide): Mineral information, data and localities.". https://www.mindat.org/min-51671.html. 
  7. ↑ "Tatarskite: Mineral information, data and localities.". https://www.mindat.org/min-3894.html. 
  8. ↑ Demartin, F.; Castellano, C.; Campostrini, I. (February 2014). "Therasiaite, (NH 4 ) 3 KNa 2 Fe 2+ Fe 3+ (SO 4 ) 3 Cl 5 , a new sulfate chloride from La Fossa Crater, Vulcano, Aeolian islands, Italy" (in en). Mineralogical Magazine 78 (1): 203–213. doi:10.1180/minmag.2014.078.1.14. ISSN 0026-461X. Bibcode: 2014MinM...78..203D. https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0026461X00001742/type/journal_article. 
  9. ↑ "Acmonidesite: Mineral information, data and localities.". https://www.mindat.org/min-45955.html. 
  10. ↑ "Anhydrokainite: Mineral information, data and localities.". https://www.mindat.org/min-235.html. 
  11. ↑ Siidra, Oleg I.; Nazarchuk, Evgeny V.; Lukina, Evgeniya A.; Zaitsev, Anatoly N.; Shilovskikh, Vladimir V. (October 2018). "Belousovite, KZn(SO 4 )Cl, a new sulfate mineral from the Tolbachik volcano with apophyllite sheet-topology." (in en). Mineralogical Magazine 82 (5): 1079–1088. doi:10.1180/minmag.2017.081.084. ISSN 0026-461X. Bibcode: 2018MinM...82.1079S. https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0026461X18000920/type/journal_article. 
  12. ↑ Nasdala, Lutz; Witzke, Thomas; Ullrich, Bernd; Brett, Robin (1998-10-01). "Gordaite [Zn 4 Na(OH) 6 (SO 4 )Cl.6H 2 O; second occurrence in the Juan de Fuca Ridge, and new data"] (in en). American Mineralogist 83 (9–10): 1111–1116. doi:10.2138/am-1998-9-1020. ISSN 0003-004X. Bibcode: 1998AmMin..83.1111N. https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/ammin/article/83/9-10/1111-1116/43538. 
  13. ↑ "Kainite: Mineral information, data and localities.". https://www.mindat.org/min-2132.html. 
  14. ↑ "Spangolite: Mineral information, data and localities.". https://www.mindat.org/min-3721.html. 
  15. ↑ Kasatkin, Anatoly V.; Plášil, Jakub; Škoda, Radek; Belakovskiy, Dmitriy I.; Marty, Joe; Meisser, Nicolas; Pekov, Igor V. (February 2018). "Redefinition of thérèsemagnanite, NaCo 4 (SO 4 )(OH) 6 Cl·6H 2 O: new data and relationship to 'cobaltogordaite'" (in en). Mineralogical Magazine 82 (1): 159–170. doi:10.1180/minmag.2017.081.030. ISSN 0026-461X. Bibcode: 2018MinM...82..159K. https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0026461X18000488/type/journal_article. 
  16. ↑ "Mineralienatlas – Fossilienatlas" (in de). https://www.mineralatlas.eu/lexikon/index.php/MineralData?lang=de&mineral=Th%C3%A9r%C3%A8semagnanite. 
  17. ↑ "Vendidaite: Mineral information, data and localities.". https://www.mindat.org/min-43854.html. 
  18. ↑ "Xitieshanite: Mineral information, data and localities.". https://www.mindat.org/min-4341.html. 
  19. ↑ "Unnamed (Zn Sulphate-Hydroxide-Chloride-Hydrate): Mineral information, data and localities.". https://www.mindat.org/min-43808.html. 
  20. ↑ "Unnamed (Gordaite-related Ca-Zn Sulphate Chloride Hydrate): Mineral information, data and localities.". https://www.mindat.org/min-29347.html. 
  21. ↑ "Aubertite: Mineral information, data and localities.". https://www.mindat.org/min-416.html. 
  22. ↑ "Magnesioaubertite: Mineral information, data and localities.". https://www.mindat.org/min-2521.html. 
  23. ↑ "Kamchatkite: Mineral information, data and localities.". https://www.mindat.org/min-2146.html. 
  24. ↑ "Aiolosite: Mineral information, data and localities.". https://www.mindat.org/min-38693.html. 
  25. ↑ "Caracolite: Mineral information, data and localities.". https://www.mindat.org/min-890.html. 
  26. ↑ "DAnsite Mineral Data". http://webmineral.com/data/DAnsite.shtml. 
  27. ↑ "D'Ansite-(Fe): Mineral information, data and localities.". https://www.mindat.org/min-42848.html. 
  28. ↑ "D'Ansite-(Mn): Mineral information, data and localities.". https://www.mindat.org/min-42846.html. 
  29. ↑ "Adranosite: Mineral information, data and localities.". https://www.mindat.org/min-39324.html. 
  30. ↑ "Adranosite-(Fe): Mineral information, data and localities.". https://www.mindat.org/min-38898.html. 
  31. ↑ "Bluelizardite: Mineral information, data and localities.". https://www.mindat.org/min-45881.html. 
  32. ↑ "Piypite: Mineral information, data and localities.". https://www.mindat.org/min-3225.html. 
  33. ↑ "Atlasovite: Mineral information, data and localities.". https://www.mindat.org/min-412.html. 
  34. ↑ "Marinellite: Mineral information, data and localities.". https://www.mindat.org/min-25638.html. 
  35. ↑ "Philolithite: Mineral information, data and localities.". https://www.mindat.org/min-7230.html. 
  36. ↑ "Symesite: Mineral information, data and localities.". https://www.mindat.org/min-11033.html. 
  37. ↑ "Bobmeyerite: Mineral information, data and localities.". https://www.mindat.org/min-43334.html. 
  38. ↑ "Microsommite: Mineral information, data and localities.". https://www.mindat.org/min-2706.html. 
  39. ↑ "Mattheddleite: Mineral information, data and localities.". https://www.mindat.org/min-2597.html. 
  40. ↑ "Afghanite Mineral Data". http://www.webmineral.com/data/Afghanite.shtml. 
  41. ↑ Chukanov, N. V.; Rastsvetaeva, R. K.; Pekov, I. V.; Zadov, A. E. (December 2007). "Alloriite, Na5K1.5Ca(Si6Al6O24)(SO4)(OH)0.5 · H2O, a new mineral species of the cancrinite group" (in en). Geology of Ore Deposits 49 (8): 752–757. doi:10.1134/S1075701507080090. ISSN 1075-7015. Bibcode: 2007GeoOD..49..752C. http://link.springer.com/10.1134/S1075701507080090. 
  42. ↑ "Eztlite: Mineral information, data and localities.". https://www.mindat.org/min-1432.html. 
  43. ↑ "Vlodavetsite: Mineral information, data and localities.". https://www.mindat.org/min-7357.html. 
  44. ↑ "Liottite: Mineral information, data and localities.". https://www.mindat.org/min-2411.html. 
  45. ↑ "Chlorellestadite: Mineral information, data and localities.". https://www.mindat.org/min-1015.html. 
  46. ↑ "Heidornite: Mineral information, data and localities.". https://www.mindat.org/min-1846.html. 
  47. ↑ "Mineevite-(Y): Mineral information, data and localities.". https://www.mindat.org/min-2718.html. 
  48. ↑ "Sulphohalite: Mineral information, data and localities.". https://www.mindat.org/min-3824.html. 
  49. ↑ "Sulphohalite Mineral Data". http://www.webmineral.com/data/Sulphohalite.shtml. 
  50. ↑ "Tounkite: Mineral information, data and localities.". https://www.mindat.org/min-4002.html. 
  51. ↑ Kaneva, Ekaterina (2015-09-01). "Investigation of the sulfur speciation in cancrinite group minerals using Single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis [in Russian"]. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/284486224. 
  52. ↑ "Nabokoite: Mineral information, data and localities.". https://www.mindat.org/min-2823.html. 
  53. ↑ "Schairerite: Mineral information, data and localities.". https://www.mindat.org/min-3555.html. 
  54. ↑ Callegari, Athos Maria; Boiocchi, Massimo; Zema, Michele; Tarantino, Serena Chiara (2018-08-01). "The crystal structure of hanksite, Na 22 K(CO 3 ) 2 (SO 4 ) 9 Cl, refined from high-resolution X-ray diffraction data" (in en). Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie - Abhandlungen 195 (2): 115–122. doi:10.1127/njma/2018/0113. ISSN 0077-7757. http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/10.1127/njma/2018/0113. 
  55. ↑ "Sacrofanite: Mineral information, data and localities.". https://www.mindat.org/min-3498.html. 
  56. ↑ Pritchard, Robin Gavin; Begum, Zubeda; Lau, Yuf Fai; Austin, Jonothan (2005-12-01). "Structures of Na 9 [SO 4 4 X ·2H 2 O 2 , where X = Cl or Br, in which the halide anions orchestrate extended orientation sequences of H 2 O 2 solvate molecules"]. Acta Crystallographica Section B: Structural Science 61 (6): 663–668. doi:10.1107/S010876810503212X. ISSN 0108-7681. PMID 16306673. http://scripts.iucr.org/cgi-bin/paper?S010876810503212X. 
  57. ↑ Abu El-Fadl, A.; Abd-Elsalam, A.M. (25 September 2018). "Influence of nickel substitutions on the structural, optical and spectroscopic properties of potassium zinc chloride sulfate single crystals". Journal of Taibah University for Science 12 (6): 826–836. doi:10.1080/16583655.2018.1524353. 
  58. ↑ Kartzmark, Elinor M. (August 1977). "Double salts of indium trichloride with the alkali chlorides, with ammonium chloride, and with indium sulfate". Canadian Journal of Chemistry 55 (15): 2792–2798. doi:10.1139/v77-388. 
  59. ↑ 59.0 59.1 Perret, René; Bouillet, Anne-Marie (1975). "Les apatites˗sulfates Na3Cd2 (SO4)3Cl et Na3Pb2 (SO4)3Cl". Bulletin de Minéralogie 98 (4): 254–255. doi:10.3406/bulmi.1975.6997. https://www.persee.fr/doc/bulmi_0037-9328_1975_num_98_4_6997. 
  60. ↑ 60.0 60.1 Knyazev, A. V.; Bulanov, E. N.; Korokin, V. Zh. (May 2014). "Synthesis and thermal expansion of M 3 I M 2 II (SO4)3L (L = Halogen) compounds with the apatite structure" (in en). Inorganic Materials 50 (5): 519–527. doi:10.1134/S0020168514050069. ISSN 0020-1685. http://link.springer.com/10.1134/S0020168514050069. 
  61. ↑ Baig, N.; Dhoble, N. S.; Park, K.; Kokode, N. S.; Dhoble, S. J. (June 2015). "Enhanced luminescence and white light emission from Eu 3+ -co-doped K 3 Ca 2 (SO 4 ) 3 Cl:Dy 3+ phosphor with near visible ultraviolet excitation for white LEDs: Eu 3+ -co-doped K 3 Ca 2 (SO 4 ) 3 Cl:Dy 3+ phosphor" (in en). Luminescence 30 (4): 479–484. doi:10.1002/bio.2763. PMID 25223265. http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/bio.2763. 
  62. ↑ Niemi, Jonne (2019-11-22). Effects of Temperature Gradient on Ash Deposit Aging and Heat Exchanger Corrosion. Åbo Akademi University. ISBN 978-952-12-3866-6. https://www.doria.fi/handle/10024/172898. 
  63. ↑ Yang, Fei; Wang, Lei; Ge, Yuwei; Huang, Ling; Gao, Daojiang; Bi, Jian; Zou, Guohong (September 2020). "K4Sb(SO4)3Cl: The first apatite-type sulfate ultraviolet nonlinear optical material with sharply enlarged birefringence". Journal of Alloys and Compounds 834: 155154. doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2020.155154. 
  64. ↑ Chen, Mingyuan; Fang, Yi (March 1989). "The chemical composition and crystal parameters of calcium chlorosulfatosilicate" (in en). Cement and Concrete Research 19 (2): 184–188. doi:10.1016/0008-8846(89)90082-3. https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0008884689900823. 
  65. ↑ Maruyama, Swami Arêa; Westrup, Kátia Cristina Molgero; Nakagaki, Shirley; Wypych, Fernando (April 2017). "Immobilization of a cationic manganese(III) porphyrin on lithium gordaite (LiZn4(OH)6(SO4)Cl·6H2O), a layered hydroxide salt with cation exchange capacity" (in en). Applied Clay Science 139: 108–111. doi:10.1016/j.clay.2017.01.010. Bibcode: 2017ApCS..139..108M. https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0169131717300194. 
  66. ↑ 66.0 66.1 66.2 Ge, Yuwei; Wang, Qiang; Yang, Fei; Huang, Ling; Gao, Daojiang; Bi, Jian; Zou, Guohong (2021-05-14). "Tin Chloride Sulfates A 3 Sn 2 (SO 4 ) 3– x Cl 1+2 x (A = K, Rb, Cs; x = 0, 1) as Multifunctional Optical Materials" (in en). Inorganic Chemistry 60 (11): 8322–8330. doi:10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c01037. ISSN 0020-1669. PMID 33990136. https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c01037. 
  67. ↑ 67.0 67.1 He, Fangfang; Wang, Qian; Hu, Cuifang; He, Wen; Luo, Xueying; Huang, Ling; Gao, Daojiang; Bi, Jian et al. (2018-10-03). "Centrosymmetric (NH 4 ) 2 SbCl(SO 4 ) 2 and Non-centrosymmetric (NH 4 )SbCl 2 (SO 4 ): Synergistic Effect of Hydrogen-Bonding Interactions and Lone-Pair Cations on the Framework Structures and Macroscopic Centricities" (in en). Crystal Growth & Design 18 (10): 6239–6247. doi:10.1021/acs.cgd.8b01102. ISSN 1528-7483. https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.cgd.8b01102. 
  68. ↑ He, Fangfang; Deng, Yalan; Zhao, Xiaoyu; Huang, Ling; Gao, Daojiang; Bi, Jian; Wang, Xin; Zou, Guohong (2019-05-16). "RbSbSO4Cl2: an excellent sulfate nonlinear optical material generated due to the synergistic effect of three asymmetric chromophores" (in en). Journal of Materials Chemistry C 7 (19): 5748–5754. doi:10.1039/C9TC01249D. ISSN 2050-7534. https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2019/tc/c9tc01249d. 
  69. ↑ Wickleder, Mathias S. (1999). "Halogenidsulfate des Gadoliniums: Synthese und Kristallstruktur von GdClSO4 und GdFSO4" (in de). Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie 625 (5): 725–728. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1521-3749(199905)625:5<725::AID-ZAAC725>3.0.CO;2-T. ISSN 1521-3749. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/%28SICI%291521-3749%28199905%29625%3A5%3C725%3A%3AAID-ZAAC725%3E3.0.CO%3B2-T. 
  70. ↑ Yue, Zeng-Hao; Lu, Zhen-Tao; Xue, Huai-Guo; Guo, Sheng-Ping (2019-07-03). "KBiCl 2 SO 4 : The First Bismuth Chloride Sulfate Being Second-Order Nonlinear Optical Active" (in en). Crystal Growth & Design 19 (7): 3843–3850. doi:10.1021/acs.cgd.9b00291. ISSN 1528-7483. https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.cgd.9b00291. 
  71. ↑ 71.0 71.1 Chen, Kaichuang; Yang, Yi; Peng, Guang; Yang, Shunda; Yan, Tao; Fan, Huixin; Lin, Zheshuai; Ye, Ning (2019). "A 2 Bi 2 (SO 4 ) 2 Cl 4 (A = NH 4 , K, Rb): achieving a subtle balance of the large second harmonic generation effect and sufficient birefringence in sulfate nonlinear optical materials" (in en). Journal of Materials Chemistry C 7 (32): 9900–9907. doi:10.1039/C9TC03105G. ISSN 2050-7526. http://xlink.rsc.org/?DOI=C9TC03105G. 
  72. ↑ Dong, Xuehua; Zhang, Zhizhuan; Huang, Ling; Zou, Guohong (2022). "[C(NH 2 ) 3 BiCl 2 SO 4 : an excellent birefringent material obtained by multifunctional group synergy"] (in en). Inorganic Chemistry Frontiers 9 (21): 5572–5578. doi:10.1039/D2QI01675C. ISSN 2052-1553. http://xlink.rsc.org/?DOI=D2QI01675C. 
  73. ↑ Lu, Zhen‐Tao; Chi, Yang; Xue, Huai‐Guo; Guo, Sheng‐Ping (2018-07-13). "K 3 Bi 2 Cl 5 O 2 (SO 4 ) 2 : A Novel Pentanary Chloride Oxide Sulfate" (in en). ChemistrySelect 3 (26): 7608–7611. doi:10.1002/slct.201801307. ISSN 2365-6549. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/slct.201801307. 
  74. ↑ 74.0 74.1 Forbes, Tori M. (2007-08-15). The Crystal Chemistry of Neptunium Compounds: Structural Relationships to U6+ Mineralogy (Thesis). University Of Notre Dame.
  75. ↑ Dunham, Stephen Oliver (June 1992). "The synthesis of one-dimensional platinum complexes; mechanistic studies from multinuclear NMR". Montana State University. https://scholarworks.montana.edu/xmlui/bitstream/handle/1/6873/31762100995750.pdf?sequence=1. 
  76. ↑ Rice, Nevill; Lee, Robyn (2008-09-14). "The Effect Of Aqueous Phase Composition On The Separation Of Hafnium And Zirconium From Acidic Chloride-Sulphate Media By Extraction With Alamine 336s In Benzene". International Solvent Extraction Conference. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/311558251. 



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