Chemistry:Sulfate chloride

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Short description: Class of chemical compounds
Sulfate chloride
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
Infobox references

The sulfate chlorides are double salts containing both sulfate (SO42–) and chloride (Cl–) anions. They are distinct from the chlorosulfates, which have a chlorine atom attached to the sulfur as the ClSO3− anion.

Many minerals in this family exist. Many are found associated with volcanoes and fumaroles. As minerals they are included in the Nickel-Strunz classification group 7.DG.


List

name formula ratio system space group unit cell volume density optical references
Arzrunite Cu4Pb2(SO4)(OH)4Cl6 · 2H2O (?) 1:6 orthorhombic Blue Biaxial [1]
Connellite Cu19(SO4)(OH)32Cl4 · 3H2O 1:4 hexagonal P62c a = 15.78 c = 9.10 1,962 3.36 blue

Uniaxial (+) nω = 1.724 – 1.746 nε = 1.738 – 1.758

Birefringence: 0.026

[2]
Potassium Zinc Sulfate Chloride K2Zn(SO4)Cl3 ? 1:3
Chlorothionite K2Cu(SO4)Cl2 1:2 orthorhombic Pnma a = 7.73 b = 6.07 c = 16.29 764 2.67 pale blue

Biaxial (+)

[3]
Sundiusite Pb10(SO4)O8Cl2 1:2 monoclinic a = 24.67 b = 3.781 c = 11.881 β = 100.07 1091.1 Biaxial (+) nα = 2.100 nγ = 2.170

Max birefringence: δ = 0.070

[4]
Sodium Potassium Iron Sulfate Chloride (Na,K)2Fe(SO4)Cl2 1:2
Mammothite Pb6Cu4AlSb5+O2(OH)16Cl4(SO4)2 1:2 monoclinic C2 a = 18.959 b = 7.3399 c = 11.363 β = 112.428(9)° Z=2 1461.6 5.21 blue-green

Biaxial (+) nα = 1.868 nβ = 1.892 nγ = 1.928

2V:measured: 80°

Birefringence: 0.060

[5]
Zn Sulfate Chloride Hydroxide Zn3(SO4)(Cl,OH)2 1:2 [6]
Tatarskite Ca6Mg2(SO4)2(CO3)2(OH)4Cl4 · 7H2O 2:4 Orthorhombic 2.431 Biaxial (-) nα = 1.567 nβ = 1.654 nγ = 1.722

2V: 83°

[7]
Therasiaite (NH4)3KNa2Fe2+Fe3+(SO4)3Cl5 3:5 monoclinic a = 18.284, b = 12.073, c = 9.535 Å, β = 108.10°, and Z = 4 V = 2000.6 Å3 brown [8]
Acmonidesite (NH4,K,Pb)8NaFe2+4(SO4)5Cl8 5:8 orthorhombic a = 9.841 Å, b = 19.448 Å, c = 17.847 Å Z=4 3,415.70 Å3 [9]
'Ammonium-Kainite' NH4Mg(SO4)Cl•3H2O 1:1
Anhydrokainite KMg(SO4)Cl 1:1 [10]
Belousovite KZn(SO4)Cl 1:1 monoclinic P21/c a = 6.8904 b = 9.6115 c = 8.2144 β = 96.582 Z = 4 540.43 [11]
Gordaite NaZn4(SO4)(OH)6Cl · 6H2O 1:1 trigonal P3 a=8.35 c=13.08 802.67 Uniaxial (-) nω = 1.561 nε = 1.538

Max birefringence: δ = 0.023

[12]
Kainite KMg(SO4)Cl · 3H2O 1:1 monoclinic a = 19.72 b = 16.23 c = 9.53 β = 94.92° 3,039 2.15 Biaxial (-) nα = 1.494 nβ = 1.505 nγ = 1.516

2V: measured: 90° , calculated: 88°

Max birefringence: δ = 0.022

[13]
Spangolite Cu6Al(SO4)(OH)12Cl · 3H2O 1:1 trigonal P31c a = 8.24 c = 14.34 Z=2 843.2 3.14 blue-green

Uniaxial (-) nω = 1.694 nε = 1.641

Max birefringence: δ = 0.053

[14]
Thérèsemagnanite NaCo4(SO4)(OH)6Cl · 6H2O 1:1 trigonal P3 a = 8.349 c = 13.031 786.6 2.52 Uniaxial (-) ω=1.792 nε=1.786

Max birefringence: δ = 0.006

[15][16]
Vendidaite Al2(SO4)(OH)3Cl·6H2O 1:1 monoclinic C2/c a = 11.925 b = 16.134 c = 7.4573 β = 125.815° 1163.4 1.97 Biaxial (+) nα = 1.522 nβ = 1.524 nγ = 1.527

2V: calculated: 79°

Max birefringence: δ = 0.005

[17]
Xitieshanite Fe3+(SO4)Cl · 6H2O 1:1 monoclinic P21/a a = 14.102 b = 6.908 c = 10.673 β = 111.26° Z=4 968.97 1.99 Biaxial (+) nα = 1.536 nβ = 1.570 nγ = 1.628

2V: measured: 77° , calculated: 78°

Max birefringence: δ = 0.092

[18]
Zn Sulfate-Hydroxide-Chloride-Hydrate Zn9(SO4)2(OH)12Cl2 · 6H2O 2:2 trigonal R3 a = 8.275 c = 32.000 Z=3 1,897.6 [19]
Tzeferisite Ca[Zn8(SO4)2(OH)12Cl2](H2O)9 2:2 trigonal R3c a = 8.3797 Å, c = 68.123 Z=6 4142.7 [20]
UM1987-14-SO:ClHZn Zn12(SO4)3Cl3(OH)15•5H2O 3:3
Aubertite CuAl(SO4)2Cl · 14H2O 2:1 triclinic P1 a=6.28 b=13.23 c=6.28 α=91.17°, β=94.67°, γ=82.45° 515.50 1.815 blue

Biaxial (-) nα = 1.462 nβ = 1.482 nγ = 1.495

2V: measured: 71° , calculated: 76°

Max birefringence: δ = 0.033

[21]
Magnesioaubertite (Mg,Cu)Al(SO4)2Cl · 14H2O 2:1 triclinic P1 a = 6.31 b = 13.20 c = 6.29 α = 91.74°, β = 94.55°, γ = 82.62° 517.8 Biaxial (-) nα = 1.466 nβ = 1.481 nγ = 1.488

2V: measured: 112° to 114°, calculated: 66°

Max birefringence: δ = 0.022

[22]
Kamchatkite KCu3(SO4)2OCl 2:1 orthorhombic Pnma a = 9.755 b = 7.015 c = 12.866 881.8 3.48 greenish-yellow

Biaxial (+) nα = 1.695 nβ = 1.718 nγ = 1.759

2V: measured: 75° , calculated: 76°

Max birefringence: δ = 0.064

[23]
Aiolosite Na4Bi(SO4)3Cl 3:1 hexagonal P63/m a = 9.626 c = 6.880 552.1 3.589 Uniaxial (+) nω = 1.590 nε = 1.600

Max birefringence: δ = 0.010

[24]
Caracolite Na3Pb2(SO4)3Cl 3:1 monoclinic P63/m a = 19.62 b = 7.14 c = 9.81 β = 120° 1190 5.1 Biaxial (-) nα = 1.743 nβ = 1.754 nγ = 1.764

Max Birefringence: δ = 0.021

[25]
D'Ansite Na21Mg(SO4)10Cl3 10:3 isometric I43d a = 15.913 Z = 4 4,029.55 2.59 isotropic n=1.488 [26]
D'Ansite-(Fe) Na21Fe2+(SO4)10Cl3 10:3 isometric I43d

a = 15.882 Z=4

 4,006.04 2.62 Isotropic n = 1.51 [27]
D'Ansite-(Mn) Na21Mn2+(SO4)10Cl3 10:3 isometric I43d a = 15.929 Z=4 4,041.79 2.610 Isotropic n = 1.50 [28]
Adranosite (NH4)4NaAl2(SO4)4Cl(OH)2 4:1 tetragonal I41/acd a = 18.118, c = 11.320 3,715.9 [29]
Adranosite-(Fe) (NH4)4NaFe3+2(SO4)4Cl(OH)2 4:1 tetragonal I41/acd a = 18.261, c = 11.562 Z=8 3855.5 Uniaxial (-) nω = 1.580 nε = 1.570 Birefringence: δ = 0.010 [30]
Bluelizardite Na7(UO2)(SO4)4Cl(H2O)2 4:1 monoclinic C2/c a = 21.1507 b = 5.3469 c = 34.6711 β = 104.913° Z=8 3788.91 3.116 yellow

Biaxial (-) nα = 1.515(1) nβ = 1.540(1) nγ = 1.545(1)

2V: measured: 48°, calculated: 47.6°

Max birefringence: δ = 0.030

[31]
Piypite K4Cu4O2(SO4)4 · (Na,Cu)Cl 4:1 Tetragonal a = 13.6 c = 4.95 Z=2 915.6 3.1 green

Uniaxial (+) nω = 1.583 nε = 1.695

Max Birefringence:δ = 0.112

[32]
Atlasovite K(BiO)Cu6Fe3+(SO4)5O3Cl 5:1 tetragonal P4/ncc a = 9.86, c = 20.58 2,001 4.2 Uniaxial (-) nω = 1.783 nε = 1.776 Birefringence: δ = 0.007 [33]
Three or more anions
Marinellite (Na,K)42Ca6(Al6Si6O24)6(SO4)8Cl2 · 3H2O 2:8 Trigonal P31c a = 12.88 c = 31.761 4563 2.405 Uniaxial (+) nω = 1.495 nε = 1.497

Max birefringence: δ = 0.002

[34]
Philolithite Pb12O6Mn7(SO4)(CO3)4Cl4(OH)12 1:4 Tetragonal a = 12.627 c = 12.595 Z=2 2008.2 green

Biaxial (+) nα = 1.920 nβ = 1.940 nγ = 1.950

Max birefringence: δ = 0.030

[35]
Symesite Pb10(SO4)O7Cl4 · H2O 1:4 triclinic P1 a = 8.821 b = 10.776 c = 13.134 α = 68.96°, β = 86.52°, γ = 75.65° Z=2 1128.4 7.3 pink

Biaxial nα = 2.120 nγ = 2.160

Max birefringence: δ = 0.040

[36]
Bobmeyerite Pb4(Al3Cu)(Si4O12)(S0.5Si0.5O4)(OH)7Cl(H2O)3 1:2 Orthorhombic Pnnm a = 13.969 b = 14.24 c = 5.893 Z=2 1173.6 4.381 Biaxial (-) nα = 1.756(4) nβ = 1.759(2) nγ = 1.759(2)

Max birefringence: δ = 0.003

[37]
Microsommite Na4K2Ca2(Al6Si6O24)(SO4)Cl2 1:2 Hexagonal a = 22.08 c = 5.33 2,250 Uniaxial (+) nω = 1.521 nε = 1.529

Max birefringence: δ = 0.008

[38]
Mattheddleite Pb5(SiO4)1.5(SO4)1.5(Cl,OH) 3:2 Hexagonal P63/m a = 10.0056, c = 7.496 Z=2 649.9 6.96 Uniaxial (-) nω = 2.017 nε = 1.999 Birefringence: δ = 0.018 [39]
Afghanite (Na,K)22Ca10[Si24Al24O96](SO4)6Cl6 6:6 Trigonal a = 12.796, c = 21.409 Z = 1 3,015.16 2.54 Uniaxial (+) nω = 1.523 nε = 1.529 δ = 0.006 [40]
Alloriite (Na,Ca,K)26Ca4(Al6Si6O24)4(SO4)6Cl6 6:6 trigonal P31c a = 12.892 c = 21.340 Z=4 3,071.61 2.35 Uniaxial (+) nω = 1.497(2) nε = 1.499(2)

Max birefringence: δ = 0.002

[41]
Eztlite Pb2+2Fe3+3(Te4+ O3)3(SO4)O2Cl 1:1 monoclinic Cm a = 11.466 b = 19.775 c = 20.52 β = 20.52° Z=2 2322.6 4.5 red

Biaxial nα = 2.140 nγ = 2.150

Max birefringence: δ = 0.010

[42]
Vlodavetsite AlCa2(SO4)2F2Cl · 4H2O 1:1 Tetragonal I4/m a = 6.870, c = 13.342 Z=2 629.70 Uniaxial (+) nω = 1.509 nε = 1.526

Birefringence: δ = 0.017

[43]
Liottite (Na,K)16Ca8(Al6Si6O24)3(SO4)5Cl4 5:4 Hexagonal a = 12.84 c = 16.09 2,297 Uniaxial (-) nω = 1.530 nε = 1.528

Max birefringence: δ = 0.002

[44]
Chlorellestadite Ca10(SiO4)3(SO4)3Cl2 3:2 Hexagonal P63/m a = 9.6002 c = 6.8692 Z=2 548.27 3.091 Uniaxial (-) nω = 1.664 nε = 1.659

Max birefringence δ = 0.005

[45]
Heidornite Na2Ca3B5O8(SO4)2Cl(OH)2 2:1 monoclinic a = 10.19 b = 7.76 c = 18.81 β = 93.33° Z=4 1,484.88 2.753 Biaxial (+) nα = 1.579 nβ = 1.588 nγ = 1.604

2V: measured: 63° to 77°, calculated: 76°

Max birefringence: δ = 0.025

[46]
Mineevite-(Y) Na25Ba(Y,Gd,Dy)2(CO3)11(HCO3)4(SO4)2F2Cl 2:1 hexagonal P63/m a = 8.811 c = 37.03 2,489.6 2.85 Pale green

Uniaxial (-) nω = 1.536 nε = 1.510

Max birefringence: δ = 0.026

[47]
Sulphohalite Na6(SO4)2FCl 2:1 Isometric Fm3m a = 10.065, Z = 4 1,019.6 isotropic n=1.455 [48][49]
Tounkite (Na,Ca,K)8(Al6Si6O24)(SO4)2Cl · H2O 2:1 hexagonal a = 12.84 c = 32.23 4,602 Uniaxial (+) nω = 1.528 nε = 1.543

Max birefringence: δ = 0.015

[50]
Alloriite Na19K6Ca5[Al22Si26O96](SO4)5Cl(CO3)x(H2O) 5:1 trigonal P31c a = 12.892 c = 21.340 [51]
Galeite Na15(SO4)5F4Cl 5:1 trigonal a = 12.17 c = 13.94 1788 Uniaxial (+) nω = 1.447 nε = 1.449

Max birefringence: δ = 0.002

Nabokoite KCu7(SO4)5(Te4+O3)OCl 5:1 Tetragonal a = 9.84 Å, c = 20.52 1,986.86 nω = 1.778 nε = 1.773 uniaxial (-) [52]
Schairerite Na21(SO4)7ClF6 7:1 Trigonal a = 12.17 c = 19.29 2,474 2.612 Uniaxial (+) nω = 1.440 nε = 1.445

Max birefringence: δ = 0.005

[53]
Hanksite Na22K(SO4)9(CO3)2Cl 9:1 Hexagonal P 63/m a = 10.4896 c = 21.2415 2024.1 [54]
Sacrofanite (Na61K19Ca32)(Si84Al84O336)(SO4)26Cl2F6•2H2O 26:2 hexagonal P62c a = 12.86 c = 72.24 Z=14 10,346 2.423 Uniaxial (-) nω = 1.505 nε = 1.486

Max birefringence:δ = 0.019

[55]

Artificial

name formula ratio

SO4:Cl

system space group unit cell volume density optical references
'Ammonium-zinc-Kainite' NH4Zn(SO4)Cl•3H2O 1:1
nonasodium tetrakis(sulfate) chloride diperhydrate Na9[SO4]4Cl·2H2O2 4:1 tetragonal P 4/n MW=694.63 a=29.6829 b=29.6829 c=8.4018 Z=16 7402.6 2.493 colourless [56]
'zinc-Kainite' KZn(SO4)Cl•3H2O 1:1 n=1.24 [57]
Li2RbSO4Cl 1:1 orthorhombic P212121 a=4.8465 b=8.323 c=14.004 Z=4 564.0 2.714 [58]
indium sulfate chloride In2(SO4)3•InCl3•(17±1)H2O 3:3 [59]
Na3Ca2(SO4)3Cl 3:1 hexagonal P63/m [60]
Na3Ca2(SO4)3Cl 3:1 orthorhombic >897K [61]
Na3Cd2(SO4)3Cl 3:1 hexagonal P63/m [60]
Na3Cd2(SO4)3Cl 3:1 monoclinic >494K [61]
K3Ca2(SO4)3Cl 3:1 [62]
K3Pb2(SO4)3Cl 3:1 [63]
K4Sb(SO4)3Cl 3:1 noncentrosymmetric non-linear optic high birefringence. [64]
Calcium chlorosulfatosilicate Ca10(SiO4)3(SO4)3Cl2 3:2 hexagonal a=9.688 c=6.849 monoaxial,(-) , No = 1.665, Ne' = 1.659 [65]
[Fe2Al4(OH)11](SO4)3Cl 3:1
Lithium gordaite LiZn4(OH)6(SO4)Cl·6H2O 1:1 ?c=17.84 [66]
K3Sn2(SO4)3Cl 3:1 stable to 440 °C [67]
Rb3Sn2(SO4)2Cl3 2:3 monoclinic C2/m a=21.153 b=5.1751 c= 6.9327 β =95.844 Z=2 754.97 3.485 stable to 350 °C [67]
(NH4)SbCl2(SO4) 1:2 orthorhombic P212121 a=6.3616 b=7.3110 c=15.827 Z=2 736.13 2.768 colourless SHG 1.7×KDP [68]
(NH4)2SbCl(SO4)2 2:1 orthorhombic Pnma a=8.6044 b=16.5821 c=7.1007 Z=2 1013.1 2.527 colourless [68]
RbSbSO4Cl2 1:2 orthorhombic P212121 a=6.3469 b=7.4001 c=15.7798 Z=2 741.14 3.353 SHG 2.7×KDP [69]
Cs3Sn2(SO4)2Cl3 2:3 monoclinic C2/m a=22.222 b=5.1992 c= 7.2661 β =97.030 Z=2 833.17 3.725 stable to 190 °C [67]
gadolinium chloride sulfate GdClSO4 1:1 monoclinic P21/c a = 9.437 6.5759 6.8005 β = 104.87 Z=4 [70]
[Hf18O10(OH)26(SO4)12.7(H2O)20]Cl0.6·nH2O hexagonal P63/m a=33.924 c=17.3577 Z=6 17096 3.474 [71]
KBiCl2SO4 1:2 orthorhombic P212121 a= 7.2890 b=6.3673 c=15.3306 Z=4 711.51 3.875 band gap 3.95 eV [72]
RbBiCl2SO4 1:2 orthorhombic P212121 a= 6.3352 b=7.4450 c=15.5302 Z=4 732.49 4.184 colourless NLO SHG [73]
NH4BiCl2SO4 1:2 orthorhombic P212121 a=7.3845 b=6.3593 c=15.5636 Z=4 730.87 3.581 colourless NLO SHG [73]
bismuth guanidinium dichloride sulfate [C(NH2)3]BiCl2SO4 1:2 triclinic P1 a=6.4179 b=12.8984 c=12.9703 α=61.965° β=88.400° γ=76.935° Z=2 919.33 3.150 birefringence 0.143@546 nm [74]
Tripotassium dibismuth pentachloride dioxide disulfate K3Bi2Cl5O2(SO4)2 2:5 triclinic P1 a=6.513 b=7.2500 c=10.7916 al=82.500 be=83.742 ga=82.100 485.89 band gap 3.62 eV [75]
K4[(NpO2)(SO4)2]Cl 2:1 monoclinic P2/n a=10.0873 b=4.5354 c=14.3518 β=103.383 Z=2 638.76 3.395 light green [76]
Rb4[(NpO2)(SO4)2]Cl 2:1 monoclinic P2/n a=10.5375 b=4.6151 c=16.068 β=103.184 Z=2 599.33 3.982 light green [76]
complexes
[Pt2(SO4)4Cl(H2O)]3- 4:1 [77]
Hf(SO4)2Cl− 2:1 [78]

Some "chloride sulfates" are sold as solutions in water and used for water treatment. These include ferric chloride sulfate and polyaluminium sulfate chloride.[79][80] The solutions may also be called "chlorosulfates" even though they do not contain a chlorosulfate group.[81][82]

References

  1. ↑ "Arzrunite: Mineral information, data and localities.". https://www.mindat.org/min-381.html. 
  2. ↑ "Connellite: Mineral information, data and localities.". https://www.mindat.org/min-1120.html. 
  3. ↑ "Chlorothionite: Mineral information, data and localities.". https://www.mindat.org/min-982.html. 
  4. ↑ "Sundiusite: Mineral information, data and localities.". https://www.mindat.org/min-3828.html. 
  5. ↑ "Mammothite: Mineral information, data and localities.". https://www.mindat.org/min-2556.html. 
  6. ↑ "Unnamed (Zn Sulfate Chloride Hydroxide): Mineral information, data and localities.". https://www.mindat.org/min-51671.html. 
  7. ↑ "Tatarskite: Mineral information, data and localities.". https://www.mindat.org/min-3894.html. 
  8. ↑ Demartin, F.; Castellano, C.; Campostrini, I. (February 2014). "Therasiaite, (NH 4 ) 3 KNa 2 Fe 2+ Fe 3+ (SO 4 ) 3 Cl 5 , a new sulfate chloride from La Fossa Crater, Vulcano, Aeolian islands, Italy" (in en). Mineralogical Magazine 78 (1): 203–213. doi:10.1180/minmag.2014.078.1.14. ISSN 0026-461X. Bibcode: 2014MinM...78..203D. https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0026461X00001742/type/journal_article. 
  9. ↑ "Acmonidesite: Mineral information, data and localities.". https://www.mindat.org/min-45955.html. 
  10. ↑ "Anhydrokainite: Mineral information, data and localities.". https://www.mindat.org/min-235.html. 
  11. ↑ Siidra, Oleg I.; Nazarchuk, Evgeny V.; Lukina, Evgeniya A.; Zaitsev, Anatoly N.; Shilovskikh, Vladimir V. (October 2018). "Belousovite, KZn(SO 4 )Cl, a new sulfate mineral from the Tolbachik volcano with apophyllite sheet-topology." (in en). Mineralogical Magazine 82 (5): 1079–1088. doi:10.1180/minmag.2017.081.084. ISSN 0026-461X. Bibcode: 2018MinM...82.1079S. https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0026461X18000920/type/journal_article. 
  12. ↑ Nasdala, Lutz; Witzke, Thomas; Ullrich, Bernd; Brett, Robin (1998-10-01). "Gordaite [Zn 4 Na(OH) 6 (SO 4 )Cl.6H 2 O; second occurrence in the Juan de Fuca Ridge, and new data"] (in en). American Mineralogist 83 (9–10): 1111–1116. doi:10.2138/am-1998-9-1020. ISSN 0003-004X. Bibcode: 1998AmMin..83.1111N. https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/ammin/article/83/9-10/1111-1116/43538. 
  13. ↑ "Kainite: Mineral information, data and localities.". https://www.mindat.org/min-2132.html. 
  14. ↑ "Spangolite: Mineral information, data and localities.". https://www.mindat.org/min-3721.html. 
  15. ↑ Kasatkin, Anatoly V.; Plášil, Jakub; Škoda, Radek; Belakovskiy, Dmitriy I.; Marty, Joe; Meisser, Nicolas; Pekov, Igor V. (February 2018). "Redefinition of thérèsemagnanite, NaCo 4 (SO 4 )(OH) 6 Cl·6H 2 O: new data and relationship to 'cobaltogordaite'" (in en). Mineralogical Magazine 82 (1): 159–170. doi:10.1180/minmag.2017.081.030. ISSN 0026-461X. Bibcode: 2018MinM...82..159K. https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0026461X18000488/type/journal_article. 
  16. ↑ "Mineralienatlas – Fossilienatlas" (in de). https://www.mineralatlas.eu/lexikon/index.php/MineralData?lang=de&mineral=Th%C3%A9r%C3%A8semagnanite. 
  17. ↑ "Vendidaite: Mineral information, data and localities.". https://www.mindat.org/min-43854.html. 
  18. ↑ "Xitieshanite: Mineral information, data and localities.". https://www.mindat.org/min-4341.html. 
  19. ↑ "Unnamed (Zn Sulphate-Hydroxide-Chloride-Hydrate): Mineral information, data and localities.". https://www.mindat.org/min-43808.html. 
  20. ↑ "Unnamed (Gordaite-related Ca-Zn Sulphate Chloride Hydrate): Mineral information, data and localities.". https://www.mindat.org/min-29347.html. 
  21. ↑ "Aubertite: Mineral information, data and localities.". https://www.mindat.org/min-416.html. 
  22. ↑ "Magnesioaubertite: Mineral information, data and localities.". https://www.mindat.org/min-2521.html. 
  23. ↑ "Kamchatkite: Mineral information, data and localities.". https://www.mindat.org/min-2146.html. 
  24. ↑ "Aiolosite: Mineral information, data and localities.". https://www.mindat.org/min-38693.html. 
  25. ↑ "Caracolite: Mineral information, data and localities.". https://www.mindat.org/min-890.html. 
  26. ↑ "DAnsite Mineral Data". http://webmineral.com/data/DAnsite.shtml. 
  27. ↑ "D'Ansite-(Fe): Mineral information, data and localities.". https://www.mindat.org/min-42848.html. 
  28. ↑ "D'Ansite-(Mn): Mineral information, data and localities.". https://www.mindat.org/min-42846.html. 
  29. ↑ "Adranosite: Mineral information, data and localities.". https://www.mindat.org/min-39324.html. 
  30. ↑ "Adranosite-(Fe): Mineral information, data and localities.". https://www.mindat.org/min-38898.html. 
  31. ↑ "Bluelizardite: Mineral information, data and localities.". https://www.mindat.org/min-45881.html. 
  32. ↑ "Piypite: Mineral information, data and localities.". https://www.mindat.org/min-3225.html. 
  33. ↑ "Atlasovite: Mineral information, data and localities.". https://www.mindat.org/min-412.html. 
  34. ↑ "Marinellite: Mineral information, data and localities.". https://www.mindat.org/min-25638.html. 
  35. ↑ "Philolithite: Mineral information, data and localities.". https://www.mindat.org/min-7230.html. 
  36. ↑ "Symesite: Mineral information, data and localities.". https://www.mindat.org/min-11033.html. 
  37. ↑ "Bobmeyerite: Mineral information, data and localities.". https://www.mindat.org/min-43334.html. 
  38. ↑ "Microsommite: Mineral information, data and localities.". https://www.mindat.org/min-2706.html. 
  39. ↑ "Mattheddleite: Mineral information, data and localities.". https://www.mindat.org/min-2597.html. 
  40. ↑ "Afghanite Mineral Data". http://www.webmineral.com/data/Afghanite.shtml. 
  41. ↑ Chukanov, N. V.; Rastsvetaeva, R. K.; Pekov, I. V.; Zadov, A. E. (December 2007). "Alloriite, Na5K1.5Ca(Si6Al6O24)(SO4)(OH)0.5 · H2O, a new mineral species of the cancrinite group" (in en). Geology of Ore Deposits 49 (8): 752–757. doi:10.1134/S1075701507080090. ISSN 1075-7015. Bibcode: 2007GeoOD..49..752C. http://link.springer.com/10.1134/S1075701507080090. 
  42. ↑ "Eztlite: Mineral information, data and localities.". https://www.mindat.org/min-1432.html. 
  43. ↑ "Vlodavetsite: Mineral information, data and localities.". https://www.mindat.org/min-7357.html. 
  44. ↑ "Liottite: Mineral information, data and localities.". https://www.mindat.org/min-2411.html. 
  45. ↑ "Chlorellestadite: Mineral information, data and localities.". https://www.mindat.org/min-1015.html. 
  46. ↑ "Heidornite: Mineral information, data and localities.". https://www.mindat.org/min-1846.html. 
  47. ↑ "Mineevite-(Y): Mineral information, data and localities.". https://www.mindat.org/min-2718.html. 
  48. ↑ "Sulphohalite: Mineral information, data and localities.". https://www.mindat.org/min-3824.html. 
  49. ↑ "Sulphohalite Mineral Data". http://www.webmineral.com/data/Sulphohalite.shtml. 
  50. ↑ "Tounkite: Mineral information, data and localities.". https://www.mindat.org/min-4002.html. 
  51. ↑ Kaneva, Ekaterina (2015-09-01). "Investigation of the sulfur speciation in cancrinite group minerals using Single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis [in Russian"]. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/284486224. 
  52. ↑ "Nabokoite: Mineral information, data and localities.". https://www.mindat.org/min-2823.html. 
  53. ↑ "Schairerite: Mineral information, data and localities.". https://www.mindat.org/min-3555.html. 
  54. ↑ Callegari, Athos Maria; Boiocchi, Massimo; Zema, Michele; Tarantino, Serena Chiara (2018-08-01). "The crystal structure of hanksite, Na 22 K(CO 3 ) 2 (SO 4 ) 9 Cl, refined from high-resolution X-ray diffraction data" (in en). Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie - Abhandlungen 195 (2): 115–122. doi:10.1127/njma/2018/0113. ISSN 0077-7757. Bibcode: 2018NJMA..195..115C. http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/10.1127/njma/2018/0113. 
  55. ↑ "Sacrofanite: Mineral information, data and localities.". https://www.mindat.org/min-3498.html. 
  56. ↑ Pritchard, Robin Gavin; Begum, Zubeda; Lau, Yuf Fai; Austin, Jonothan (2005-12-01). "Structures of Na 9 [SO 4 4 X ·2H 2 O 2 , where X = Cl or Br, in which the halide anions orchestrate extended orientation sequences of H 2 O 2 solvate molecules"]. Acta Crystallographica Section B: Structural Science 61 (6): 663–668. doi:10.1107/S010876810503212X. ISSN 0108-7681. PMID 16306673. http://scripts.iucr.org/cgi-bin/paper?S010876810503212X. 
  57. ↑ Abu El-Fadl, A.; Abd-Elsalam, A.M. (25 September 2018). "Influence of nickel substitutions on the structural, optical and spectroscopic properties of potassium zinc chloride sulfate single crystals". Journal of Taibah University for Science 12 (6): 826–836. doi:10.1080/16583655.2018.1524353. Bibcode: 2018JTUS...12..826A. 
  58. ↑ Cheng, Huanhuan; Li, Fuming; Lu, Juanjuan; Hou, Xueling (2023-08-21). "Li 2 RbSO 4 Cl with a Short Ultraviolet Absorption Edge and an Acentric Structure through Assembling Heteroleptic [LiO 3 Cl Tetrahedra"] (in en). Inorganic Chemistry 62 (33): 13608–13614. doi:10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c02015. ISSN 0020-1669. PMID 37551151. https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c02015. 
  59. ↑ Kartzmark, Elinor M. (August 1977). "Double salts of indium trichloride with the alkali chlorides, with ammonium chloride, and with indium sulfate". Canadian Journal of Chemistry 55 (15): 2792–2798. doi:10.1139/v77-388. 
  60. ↑ 60.0 60.1 Perret, René; Bouillet, Anne-Marie (1975). "Les apatites˗sulfates Na3Cd2 (SO4)3Cl et Na3Pb2 (SO4)3Cl". Bulletin de Minéralogie 98 (4): 254–255. doi:10.3406/bulmi.1975.6997. https://www.persee.fr/doc/bulmi_0037-9328_1975_num_98_4_6997. 
  61. ↑ 61.0 61.1 Knyazev, A. V.; Bulanov, E. N.; Korokin, V. Zh. (May 2014). "Synthesis and thermal expansion of M 3 I M 2 II (SO4)3L (L = Halogen) compounds with the apatite structure" (in en). Inorganic Materials 50 (5): 519–527. doi:10.1134/S0020168514050069. ISSN 0020-1685. http://link.springer.com/10.1134/S0020168514050069. 
  62. ↑ Baig, N.; Dhoble, N. S.; Park, K.; Kokode, N. S.; Dhoble, S. J. (June 2015). "Enhanced luminescence and white light emission from Eu 3+ -co-doped K 3 Ca 2 (SO 4 ) 3 Cl:Dy 3+ phosphor with near visible ultraviolet excitation for white LEDs: Eu 3+ -co-doped K 3 Ca 2 (SO 4 ) 3 Cl:Dy 3+ phosphor" (in en). Luminescence 30 (4): 479–484. doi:10.1002/bio.2763. PMID 25223265. http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/bio.2763. 
  63. ↑ Niemi, Jonne (2019-11-22). Effects of Temperature Gradient on Ash Deposit Aging and Heat Exchanger Corrosion. Åbo Akademi University. ISBN 978-952-12-3866-6. https://www.doria.fi/handle/10024/172898. 
  64. ↑ Yang, Fei; Wang, Lei; Ge, Yuwei; Huang, Ling; Gao, Daojiang; Bi, Jian; Zou, Guohong (September 2020). "K4Sb(SO4)3Cl: The first apatite-type sulfate ultraviolet nonlinear optical material with sharply enlarged birefringence". Journal of Alloys and Compounds 834. doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2020.155154. 
  65. ↑ Chen, Mingyuan; Fang, Yi (March 1989). "The chemical composition and crystal parameters of calcium chlorosulfatosilicate" (in en). Cement and Concrete Research 19 (2): 184–188. doi:10.1016/0008-8846(89)90082-3. https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0008884689900823. 
  66. ↑ Maruyama, Swami Arêa; Westrup, Kátia Cristina Molgero; Nakagaki, Shirley; Wypych, Fernando (April 2017). "Immobilization of a cationic manganese(III) porphyrin on lithium gordaite (LiZn4(OH)6(SO4)Cl·6H2O), a layered hydroxide salt with cation exchange capacity" (in en). Applied Clay Science 139: 108–111. doi:10.1016/j.clay.2017.01.010. Bibcode: 2017ApCS..139..108M. https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0169131717300194. 
  67. ↑ 67.0 67.1 67.2 Ge, Yuwei; Wang, Qiang; Yang, Fei; Huang, Ling; Gao, Daojiang; Bi, Jian; Zou, Guohong (2021-05-14). "Tin Chloride Sulfates A 3 Sn 2 (SO 4 ) 3– x Cl 1+2 x (A = K, Rb, Cs; x = 0, 1) as Multifunctional Optical Materials" (in en). Inorganic Chemistry 60 (11): 8322–8330. doi:10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c01037. ISSN 0020-1669. PMID 33990136. https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c01037. 
  68. ↑ 68.0 68.1 He, Fangfang; Wang, Qian; Hu, Cuifang; He, Wen; Luo, Xueying; Huang, Ling; Gao, Daojiang; Bi, Jian et al. (2018-10-03). "Centrosymmetric (NH 4 ) 2 SbCl(SO 4 ) 2 and Non-centrosymmetric (NH 4 )SbCl 2 (SO 4 ): Synergistic Effect of Hydrogen-Bonding Interactions and Lone-Pair Cations on the Framework Structures and Macroscopic Centricities" (in en). Crystal Growth & Design 18 (10): 6239–6247. doi:10.1021/acs.cgd.8b01102. ISSN 1528-7483. Bibcode: 2018CrGrD..18.6239H. https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.cgd.8b01102. 
  69. ↑ He, Fangfang; Deng, Yalan; Zhao, Xiaoyu; Huang, Ling; Gao, Daojiang; Bi, Jian; Wang, Xin; Zou, Guohong (2019-05-16). "RbSbSO4Cl2: an excellent sulfate nonlinear optical material generated due to the synergistic effect of three asymmetric chromophores" (in en). Journal of Materials Chemistry C 7 (19): 5748–5754. doi:10.1039/C9TC01249D. ISSN 2050-7534. https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2019/tc/c9tc01249d. 
  70. ↑ Wickleder, Mathias S. (1999). "Halogenidsulfate des Gadoliniums: Synthese und Kristallstruktur von GdClSO4 und GdFSO4" (in de). Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie 625 (5): 725–728. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1521-3749(199905)625:5<725::AID-ZAAC725>3.0.CO;2-T. ISSN 1521-3749. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/%28SICI%291521-3749%28199905%29625%3A5%3C725%3A%3AAID-ZAAC725%3E3.0.CO%3B2-T. 
  71. ↑ Kalaji, Ali; Soderholm, L. (2014-10-20). "Aqueous Hafnium Sulfate Chemistry: Structures of Crystalline Precipitates" (in en). Inorganic Chemistry 53 (20): 11252–11260. doi:10.1021/ic501841e. ISSN 0020-1669. PMID 25299984. https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic501841e. 
  72. ↑ Yue, Zeng-Hao; Lu, Zhen-Tao; Xue, Huai-Guo; Guo, Sheng-Ping (2019-07-03). "KBiCl 2 SO 4 : The First Bismuth Chloride Sulfate Being Second-Order Nonlinear Optical Active" (in en). Crystal Growth & Design 19 (7): 3843–3850. doi:10.1021/acs.cgd.9b00291. ISSN 1528-7483. Bibcode: 2019CrGrD..19.3843Y. https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.cgd.9b00291. 
  73. ↑ 73.0 73.1 Chen, Kaichuang; Yang, Yi; Peng, Guang; Yang, Shunda; Yan, Tao; Fan, Huixin; Lin, Zheshuai; Ye, Ning (2019). "A 2 Bi 2 (SO 4 ) 2 Cl 4 (A = NH 4 , K, Rb): achieving a subtle balance of the large second harmonic generation effect and sufficient birefringence in sulfate nonlinear optical materials" (in en). Journal of Materials Chemistry C 7 (32): 9900–9907. doi:10.1039/C9TC03105G. ISSN 2050-7526. http://xlink.rsc.org/?DOI=C9TC03105G. 
  74. ↑ Dong, Xuehua; Zhang, Zhizhuan; Huang, Ling; Zou, Guohong (2022). "[C(NH 2 ) 3 BiCl 2 SO 4 : an excellent birefringent material obtained by multifunctional group synergy"] (in en). Inorganic Chemistry Frontiers 9 (21): 5572–5578. doi:10.1039/D2QI01675C. ISSN 2052-1553. http://xlink.rsc.org/?DOI=D2QI01675C. 
  75. ↑ Lu, Zhen-Tao; Chi, Yang; Xue, Huai-Guo; Guo, Sheng-Ping (2018-07-13). "K 3 Bi 2 Cl 5 O 2 (SO 4 ) 2 : A Novel Pentanary Chloride Oxide Sulfate" (in en). ChemistrySelect 3 (26): 7608–7611. doi:10.1002/slct.201801307. ISSN 2365-6549. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/slct.201801307. 
  76. ↑ 76.0 76.1 Forbes, Tori M. (2007-08-15). The Crystal Chemistry of Neptunium Compounds: Structural Relationships to U6+ Mineralogy (Thesis). University Of Notre Dame.
  77. ↑ Dunham, Stephen Oliver (June 1992). "The synthesis of one-dimensional platinum complexes; mechanistic studies from multinuclear NMR". Montana State University. https://scholarworks.montana.edu/xmlui/bitstream/handle/1/6873/31762100995750.pdf?sequence=1. 
  78. ↑ Rice, Nevill; Lee, Robyn (2008-09-14). "The Effect Of Aqueous Phase Composition On The Separation Of Hafnium And Zirconium From Acidic Chloride-Sulphate Media By Extraction With Alamine 336s In Benzene". International Solvent Extraction Conference. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/311558251. 
  79. ↑ Singh, Man Vir; Kumar, Anil; Bhatt, Neha; Ren, Juanna; Hou, Hua; Wang, Zhe; Xu, Ben Bin; Guo, Zhanhu et al. (2023). "Impact of Contaminated Water on Plants and Animals: Utilizing Natural and Chemical Coagulants for Treating Contaminated Water". ES Energy & Environment. doi:10.30919/esee1032. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/375849283. 
  80. ↑ Pal, Parimal (1 January 2017). "Chapter 6 - Industry-Specific Water Treatment: Case Studies". Industrial Water Treatment Process Technology. Butterworth-Heinemann. pp. 243–511. ISBN 978-0-12-810391-3. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/B9780128103913000060. 
  81. ↑ "Iron Chlorosulfate". https://www.tronox.com/product/iron-chlorosulfate/. 
  82. ↑ Coughlin, Tom (2015). "Coagulant Overview". Chemtrade. p. 28. https://ca-nv-awwa.org/CANV/downloads/2015/AFC15presentations/CoagulantOverview.pdf. 
Compounds containing the sulfate group
H2SO4 He
Li2SO4 BeSO4 B esters
ROSO3−
(RO)2SO2 		(NH4)2SO4
[N2H5]HSO4
(NH3OH)2SO4
NOHSO4 		HOSO4 F Ne
Na2SO4
NaHSO4 		MgSO4 Al2(SO4)3
Al2SO4(OAc)4 		Si P SO42−
HSO3HSO4
(HSO4)2 		Cl Ar
K2SO4
KHSO4 		CaSO4 Sc2(SO4)3 TiOSO4 VSO4
V2(SO4)3
VOSO4 		CrSO4
Cr2(SO4)3 		MnSO4 FeSO4
Fe2(SO4)3 		CoSO4 NiSO4 CuSO4
Cu2SO4
[Cu(NH3)4(H2O)]SO4 		ZnSO4 Ga2(SO4)3 Ge As Se Br Kr
RbHSO4
Rb2SO4 		SrSO4 Y2(SO4)3 Zr(SO4)2 Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh2(SO4)3 PdSO4 Ag2SO4 CdSO4 In2(SO4)3 SnSO4
Sn(SO4)2 		Sb2(SO4)3 Te I Xe
Cs2SO4
CsHSO4 		BaSO4   Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt AuSO4
Au2(SO4)3 		Hg2SO4
HgSO4 		Tl2SO4
Tl2(SO4)3 		PbSO4 Bi2(SO4)3 Po At Rn
Fr Ra   Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Cn Nh Fl Mc Lv Ts Og
↓
La Ce2(SO4)3
Ce(SO4)2 		Pr2(SO4)3 Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb2(SO4)3 Lu
Ac Th Pa U(SO4)2
UO2SO4 		Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr



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