Chemistry:Tuinal
 structure | |
| Combination of | |
|---|---|
| secobarbital | short-acting barbiturate |
| amobarbital | intermediate-acting barbiturate |
| Clinical data | |
| Routes of administration | oral |
Tuinal was the brand name of a discontinued combination drug composed of two barbiturate salts (secobarbital sodium and amobarbital sodium) in equal proportions.
Tuinal was introduced as a sedative-hypnotic (sleeping pill) medication in the late 1940s by Eli Lilly. It was also used in obstetrics for childbirth.[1][2] It was produced in brightly colored half-reddish orange and half-turquoise blue gelatin capsule form (bullet-shaped Pulvules) for oral administration. Individual capsules contained 50 mg, 100 mg, or 200 mg of barbiturate salts. The combination of a short-acting barbiturate, Secobarbital, with an intermediate-acting barbiturate, Amobarbital, aimed to provide "a rapid yet prolonged hypnotic action".[3]
Eli Lilly has discontinued the manufacture of Tuinal in the United States due to the diminishing use of barbiturates (replaced by the benzodiazepine family of drugs) in outpatient treatment, and its widespread abuse.[4] Currently, Valleant Labs markets Secobarbital capsules only. Flynn Pharma of Ireland no longer manufactures Tuinal, Seconal or Amytal (amobarbital). Amytal has been discontinued, though sodium amytal injection form remains.
Abuse
Tuinal saw widespread abuse as a recreational drug from the 1960s through the 1980s. The pill was known colloquially under the street names "tuies", "tumies", "double trouble", "blue tips", " F-66's" (which were the markings on Lilly's capsule), "rainbows", "beans", "nawls" and "jeebs".[5] It came in the form of bullet-shaped capsules, half-reddish orange and half-turquoise blue. Like other barbiturate depressants, Tuinal promotes physical and psychological dependency beginning after one week of regular use and carries a high risk of overdose.[6] It was reported in the 1980s as one of the most common ways of self-poisoning.[7] Abuse of this particular drug tapered off after it was discontinued by manufacturers in the late 1990s.
Tuinal is classified as a Schedule II drug under the Controlled Substances Act in the United States, meaning it requires a prescription from a licensed practitioner.
Arthur Koestler and his wife Cynthia jointly committed suicide on March 1, 1983, by swallowing lethal quantities of Tuinal capsules at their London home.
References
- ↑ "Pethidine In Labour". The British Medical Journal 2 (4514): 71–72. 1947. doi:10.1136/bmj.2.4514.71-b. ISSN 0007-1447. PMID 20344014.
- ↑ "Front Matter". The British Medical Journal 1 (4539). 1948. ISSN 0007-1447.
- ↑ "Front Matter". The American Journal of Nursing 47 (5): 1–24. 1947. ISSN 0002-936X.
- ↑ The Gale Encyclopedia of Mental Health. 1 (3rd ed.). Detroit, MI: Gale eBooks. 2012. p. 171. ISBN 9781414490144. https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/CX4013200056/GVRL?u=rock21695&sid=bookmark-GVRL&xid=0b9d1be5. Retrieved November 4, 2022.
- ↑ UXL Encyclopedia of Drugs and Addictive Substances. Detroit, MI: Gale eBooks. 2006. p. 99. ISBN 9781414404448. https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/CX3448100018/GVRL?u=rock21695&sid=bookmark-GVRL&xid=a0a2a958. Retrieved November 4, 2022.
- ↑ "Sleep and birbiturates: some experiments and observations". British Medical Journal 4 (5626): 291–293. November 1968. doi:10.1136/bmj.4.5626.291. PMID 4301261.
- ↑ "Drugs involved in self-poisoning: verification by toxicological analysis". The Medical Journal of Australia 144 (9): 455–457. April 1986. doi:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1986.tb101047.x. PMID 2871482. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2871482.
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