Company:Chess.com

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Short description: Internet chess website
Chess.com, LLC
Chess.com logo (2020).svg
Chess.com Homepage (as of December 2017).PNG
Chess.com homepage
Type of site
Internet chess server
Available inAfrikaans, azərbaycanca, Bahasa Indonesia, Bahasa Melayu, bosanski, Català, čeština, Dansk, Deutsch, eesti, English, Español, Français, Galego, Hrvatski, Íslenska, Italiano, Kiswahili, latviešu, lietuvių, Magyar, Nederlands, Norsk, Oʻzbekcha, Pilipino, polski, Português, Português, (BR), Română, shqipe, slovenčina, slovenščina, suomi, Svenska, Tagalog, Tiếng Việt, Türkmençe, Türkçe, Vlaams, Ελληνικά, Белару́ская, Български, Русский, Српски, Українська, ქართული, Հայերեն, עברית, العربية, فارسی, हिन्दी, বাংলা, 한국어, 中文, 中文（香港）, 中文（台灣）, 日本語
FoundedMay 2007; 16 years ago (2007-05)
Headquarters
United States
Founder(s)
  • Erik Allebest
  • Jay Severson
Key people
  • Erik Allebest (Co-founder & CEO)
  • Jay Severson (Co-founder & Chief Technical Advisor)
  • Daniel Rensch (Chief Chess Officer)
  • Brenan Klain (Chief Marketing Officer)
IndustryInternet
Employees400+[1]
Websitewww.chess.com
RegistrationOptional
Users100 million+
Current statusActive
Written inJava,[2] JavaScript, PHP

Chess.com is an internet chess server and social networking website.[3] The site has a freemium model in which some features are available for free, and others are available for accounts with subscriptions. Live online chess can be played against other users in daily, rapid, blitz or bullet time controls, with a number of chess variants also available. Chess versus a chess engine, computer analysis, chess puzzles and teaching resources are also offered.

One of the largest chess platforms in the world,[4] it achieved the milestone of 100 million users on December 16, 2022. Chess.com has hosted online tournaments including Titled Tuesdays, the PRO Chess League, the Speed Chess Championships, PogChamps, Online Chess Olympiads and computer vs. computer events.

History

Founding

The domain Chess.com was originally set up in 1995 by Aficionado, a company based in Berkeley, California , to sell a piece of chess tutoring software called "Chess Mentor".[5] Then, in 2005, Internet entrepreneur Erik Allebest and partner Jarom ("Jay") Severson, who met as undergraduate students at Brigham Young University, bought the domain name and assembled a team of software developers, redeveloping the site as a chess portal.[6] The site was then relaunched in 2007[3] with heavy campaigning and promotion on social media.

Two years later, Chess.com acquired a similar chess social networking site, chesspark.com.[7] In October 2013, Chess.com acquired the Amsterdam-based chess news site chessvibes.com as well. This news site, founded and operated by Dutch chess journalist Peter Doggers, continued to cover chess tournaments in a digital setting.[8][9]

Growth in the 2010s

The website reached a milestone in 2014, when it announced that over a billion live games had been played on the site, including 100 million correspondence games.[10] In January 2016, Chess.com announced a two-year overhaul of its previous interface (titled 'v3'). The site introduced new features including computer analysis of games, and the chess variants of crazyhouse, three-check chess, king of the hill, chess960 and bughouse.[11] Chess.com reached another milestone in June 2017, as the 2,147,483,647th (= 231-1) game was played, which caused the iOS app to stop working for those with 32-bit Apple devices. This occurred because of an integer overflow problem whereby the number was too large to be represented in the number of storage bits that were used.[12][13][14]

Acquisition of Komodo

In May 2018, Chess.com acquired the 3300+ Elo-rated commercial chess engine Komodo, which ranked 3rd behind Stockfish and Houdini at the time of acquisition.[15] In conjunction, the Komodo team announced the addition of the probabilistic method of Monte Carlo tree search machine learning, the same methods used by the recent chess projects AlphaZero and Leela Chess Zero.[16]

Recent history

In November 2020, Chess.com acquired the rights to broadcast the World Chess Championship 2021, which is broadcast on live streaming platform Twitch.[17]

Response to the Russian invasion of Ukraine

In response to the Russia-Ukraine crisis of 2022, Chess.com published two articles that were critical of the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, and replaced Russian flags with a link to these articles. In retaliation, Chess.com was blocked in Russia. The site blocked Sergey Karjakin, Russian (formerly Ukrainian) grandmaster, over his support for the invasion, and Karjakin in turn supported Russia's block of the website.[18][19][20][21]

Chess cheating controversy

In September 2022, Chess.com was caught in the furor of a controversy regarding cheating in professional chess games. A controversy erupted with accusations by grandmaster Magnus Carlsen against Hans Niemann.[22][23] Leaked emails revealed that some people cheated on the Chess.com platform in games involving prize money and that Chess.com removed some players' accounts, including grandmaster Maxim Dlugy, who had been found to be cheating.[24]

Chess.com Global Championship

In November 2022, The Chess.com Global Championship was inaugurated with a $1,000,000 prize pool.[25] 8 players that advanced from the CGC Knockout competed for a $500,000 total prize fund and Global Champion title in the finals taking place in Toronto, Canada. Wesley So became the first Chess.com Global Champion, defeating Nihal Sarin in the finals with a match score of 4.5-1.5.[26]

Other

In its latest record, Chess.com is announced it had over 100,000,000 members in December 2022.[27]

In January 2023, Chess.com added in five new "cat" chessbots, including Mittens.[28] These bots were later removed and replaced by AI bots in February 2023.[29]

In January 2023, due to an influx of traffic, Chess.com's databases crashed.[30]

Features

Chess.com operates a freemium business model: main site features are free but others are limited or unavailable in some respects until a subscription is paid.[31]

Subscriptions

Chess.com as a freemium model has three different subscriptions, each offering more usage of the services they provide. The subscriptions can be billed monthly or annually. The three subscriptions are Gold, Platinum and Diamond, each varying in prices and services offered.

Gameplay

Time Controls and Daily Chess

Users can play in many different time controls which are grouped into Rapid, Blitz, Bullet, and Daily (correspondence chess).

Variants

Users can play a number of popular chess variants on the live server, including crazyhouse, three-check, four-player, King of the Hill, chess960, atomic, Racing Kings, Duck Chess and bughouse.

Vote Chess

Vote chess is played between two teams of players on Chess.com. The players vote on the next move and the highest voted move is played. It follows a daily time control and the players are allowed to see the votes of other players too.

Computer

Chess.com allows the player to play against a computer. Along with a standard computer, there are many other computers representing popular streamers and world-class chess players. One such engine was Mittens, which became popular in early 2023.

Puzzles

Chess.com has a database of manually created puzzles (Unlike game-extracted puzzles of Lichess). Currently, there are roughly 600,000 puzzles in their database. A player gets a rating based on their performance and speed in solving the puzzles. It also offers other special modes of puzzles such as puzzle rush and puzzle battle. Everyday, one puzzle is chosen as the Daily Puzzle which can be played directly from the Homepage.

Puzzle Rush

Puzzle Rush is a special mode of puzzles in which the player has to solve as many puzzles as they can within the selected time. If the player solves 3 puzzles incorrectly, their rush finishes.

Puzzle Battle

Puzzle Battle is another special mode of puzzles in which a player competes with another player to solve the most puzzles in the given time of 3 minutes. If a player solves 3 puzzles incorrectly, they cannot solve any more puzzles. The person who solves the most puzzles is the winner and the rating of the players change accordingly.

Lessons

Chess.com has a unique feature of lessons. The lessons have videos which explain the topic and challenges which are like puzzles regarding the topic explained in the videos. Contributors can create lessons but some are created by the core chess.com team.

News

Chess.com also has a news section in which reporters post reports of major chess tournaments around the world as well as the results of major chess.com tournaments such as the Speed Chess Championship.

Additional features include chess forums, articles, downloads, opening databases, teams, live broadcasts,[32] online coaching and a game database of over 2 million games.

The company publishes a large number of articles on a variety of chess-related topics, including chess strategy, opening theory and history. Regular contributors include Gregory Serper, Bruce Pandolfini, Sam Shankland, Dan Heisman, Jeremy Silman, Simon Williams, Daniel Naroditsky, Natalia Pogonina and Daniel Rensch.[33]

Chess.com has a policy against the use of chess engines in all forms of the game, except where "specifically permitted (such as a computer tournament)".[34] It utilizes algorithms and statistical data to catch players using engines in games and bans many on a daily basis,[35] and employs six moderators to prevent cheating.[4]

Subsidiary companies

ChessKid.com

Chess.com also runs the subsidiary site chesskid.com for chess players of all ages. ChessKid focuses on a child-friendly environment aimed towards chess improvement for beginners to club players. It also has a guardianship program in which parents and authorized coaches can overlook the child's progress over time, to see statistics about their progress in tactics or how many videos they watched so that they can give encouragement and tips on how to improve.[36] ChessKid features no advertising.

ChessKid.com has run a yearly online championship called CONIC (the ChessKid Online National Invitational Championship), since 2012 which is recognized by the United States Chess Federation.[37][38] According to David Petty, the event organizer in 2013,

ChessKid has made agreements and partnerships with chess associations to bring the educational benefit of chess to children in schools. In 2014, for a trial period, all signups to the ICA (Illinois Chess Association) included a free gold member subscription to ChessKid.[36] They also have a long-term partnership with the NTCA (North Texas Chess Academy) which gives children access to online instructors.[39]

Play Magnus Group

In August 2022, the Play Magnus Group accepted an offer to be acquired by Chess.com at a value of 800 million kr (US$80 million). The Play Magnus Group owns brands and businesses including the chess server chess24, the mobile app Play Magnus, the Champions Chess Tour, and the chess improvement website Chessable. On December 16, 2022, the acquisition was officially closed.[40][41] According to Dot Esports, the Play Magnus Group was unable to make a "sustainable profit" on anything but Chessable, and the merge left "no other realistic chess competitor" except the free, open-source Lichess.[42]

Tournaments and events

Speed Chess Championships

Chess.com has held the Speed Chess Championship annually since 2016, involving a single-elimination tournament featuring some of the world's best players. Nakamura has won five championships, while Carlsen has won two.[43]

Winner Runner-up Final score Prize Fund
2016[44] Magnus Carlsen Hikaru Nakamura 14.5–10.5 $40,000
2017[45] Magnus Carlsen Hikaru Nakamura 18–9 $50,000
2018[46] Hikaru Nakamura Wesley So 15.5–12.5 $55,000
2019[47] Hikaru Nakamura Wesley So 19.5–14.5 $50,000
2020[48] Hikaru Nakamura Maxime Vachier-Lagrave 18.5–12.5 $100,000
2021[49] Hikaru Nakamura Wesley So 23–8 $100,000
2022[50] Hikaru Nakamura Magnus Carlsen 14.5–13.5 $100,000

US Chess League

The USCL was a nationwide national chess league in the United States between 2005 and 2016. Chess.com hosted the event in 2013.[51]

PRO Chess League

The PRO Chess League was the result of the US Chess League changing its name and format, with faster time controls and a focus on the flexibility of forming and managing teams.[52] Chess.com has hosted the PCL twice starting in 2017, having a regular and a summer series.[53]

Winner Runner-up Final score
2017[54] St. Louis Arch Bishops Norway Gnomes 9 - 7
2018[55] Armenia Eagles Chengdu Pandas 12 - 11
2019[56] St. Louis Arch Bishops Baden-Baden Snowballs 10 - 6
2020 St. Louis Arch Bishops Canada Chessbrahs/Chengdu Pandas

Titled Tuesdays

Titled Tuesday is an 11-round Swiss-system 3+1 blitz chess tournament held on every Tuesday.[57] Grandmaster participants include Hikaru Nakamura, Maxime Vachier-Lagrave, Alexander Grischuk, Dmitry Andreikin, Wesley So, and Fabiano Caruana.[57] The first event was held on October 28, 2014, with a prize fund of $500 and was won by Baadur Jobava.[58] The prize fund was gradually upgraded to $5000 per week.[59] As of February 2023, GM Hikaru Nakamura has won a total of 50 tournament wins since October 2020 (becoming the first player to have ever achieved that milestone), followed by GMs Dmitry Andreikin and Jeffery Xiong with 11 each,[59] Magnus Carlsen has won three of the events in which he has partaken as of 2017.[60]

In June 2018, Chess.com held a special version of the tournament for which the winner would go on to participate in the Isle of Man International which had a prize fund of £144,000.[61] Iranian GM Pouria Darini won the event.[62]

Death Matches

Death Matches were introduced in January 2012. They feature titled players taking part in a series of blitz games over a non-stop 3-hour period (5-minute, 3-minute and 1-minute, all with a one-second increment).[63] There have been 38 deathmatches, participants including the grandmasters Hikaru Nakamura, Dmitry Andreikin, Maxime Vachier-Lagrave, Lê Quang Liêm, Wesley So, Fabiano Caruana, Judit Polgár and Nigel Short.[64]

Chess.com Computer Chess Championship

In November 2017, Chess.com held an open tournament, called the Chess.com Computer Chess Championship (CCCC, later CCC), with the ten strongest chess engines, with $2,500 in prize money. The top-two engines competed in a "Superfinale" tournament between the two finalists - Stockfish and Houdini. In the 20-game Superfinal, Stockfish won over Houdini with a score 10.5-9.5. Five games were decisive, with 15 ending in a draw. Of the decisive games, three games were won by Stockfish, and two by Houdini.[65][66]

In August 2018, the site announced that the Chess.com Computer Chess Championship has returned, this time as a non-stop tournament for chess engines.[67][68]

Main Events
Event Year Time Controls Winner Runner-up Ref
Computer Chess Championship 2017 15+2 Stockfish (1) Houdini [66][65]
CCC 1: Rapid Rumble 2018 15+5 Stockfish (2) Houdini [69]
CCC 2: Blitz Battle 2018 5+2 Stockfish (3) Komodo [70]
CCC 3: Rapid Redux 2019 30+5 Stockfish (4) Leela Chess Zero [71]
CCC 4: Bullet Brawl 2019 1+2 Stockfish (5) Leela Chess Zero [72]
CCC 5: Escalation 2019 10+5 Stockfish (6) Leela Chess Zero [73]
CCC 6: Winter Classic 2019 10+10 Stockfish (7) Leela Chess Zero [74]
CCC 7: Blitz Bonanza 2019 5+2 Leela Chess Zero (1) Stockfish [75]
CCC 8: Deep Dive 2019 15+5 Stockfish (8) Leela Chess Zero [76]
CCC 9: The Gauntlet 2019 5+2, 10+5 Stockfish (9) Leelenstein [77]
CCC 10: Double Digits 2019 10+3 Leelenstein (1) Stockfish [78]
CCC 11 2019 30+5 Leela Chess Zero (2) Stockfish [79]
CCC 12: Bullet Madness! 2020 1+1 Leela Chess Zero (3) Leelenstein [80]
CCC 13: Heptagonal 2020 5+5 Leela Chess Zero (4) Stockfish [81]
CCC 14 2020 15+5, 5+2, 1+1 Leela Chess Zero (5) Leelenstein [82]
CCC Blitz 2020 2020 5+5 Stockfish (10) Leela Chess Zero [83]
CCC Rapid 2021 2021 15+3 Stockfish (11) Leela Chess Zero [84]
CCC Blitz 2021 2021 5+5 Stockfish (12) Leela Chess Zero [85]
CCC Chess 960 Blitz 2021 5+5 Stockfish (13) Dragon [86]
CCC 16: Rapid 2021 15+3 Stockfish (14) Leela Chess Zero [87]
CCC 16: Bullet 2021 2+1 Stockfish (15) Dragon [88]
CCC 16: Blitz 2022 5+5 Stockfish (16) Dragon [89]
CCC 17: Rapid 2022 15+3 Stockfish (17) Dragon [90]
CCC 17: Bullet 2022 2+1 Stockfish (18) Dragon [91]
CCC 17: Blitz 2022 5+5 Stockfish (19) Leela Chess Zero [92]
CCC 18: Rapid 2022 15+3 Stockfish (20) Leela Chess Zero [93]
CCC 19: Blitz 2022 5+5 Stockfish (21) Dragon [94]
CCC 19: Rapid 2022 15+3 Stockfish (22) Leela Chess Zero [95]
CCC 19: Bullet 2023 1+1 Stockfish (23) Dragon [96]
CCC 20: Blitz 2023 5+5 Stockfish (24) Dragon [97]
Bonus
Event Year Time Controls Winner Runner-up Ref
CPU Blitz Madness 2020 3+2 Stockfish an older version of Stockfish [98]
Trillion-Node Throwdown III 2020 150+5 Stockfish Leela Chess Zero on the CPU [99]
No-Castle II 2020 5+2 Stockfish an older version of Stockfish [100]
Bullet Chess is Fun 2020 2+1 Stockfish Leela Chess Zero [101]
Checkmate in 4 2020 3+2 Stockfish Leela Chess Zero [102]
Odds Ladder 2020 3+2 Stockfish Leela Chess Zero [103]
Merry Queen Sac 2020 2+1 Stockfish Stoofvlees [104]
Budapest Bullet 2020 2+1 Leela Chess Zero Stockfish [105]
King Gambit Madness 2021 5+5 Stockfish Leela Chess Zero [106]
Drawkiller Update Party 2021 2+1 Stockfish Leela Chess Zero [107]
To Castle Or Not To Castle II 2021 3+2 Stockfish Leela Chess Zero [108]
Eco Mega-Match 2 (part 1) 2021 1+1 Stockfish Leela Chess Zero [109]
Eco Mega-Match 2 (part 2) 2021 1+1 Stockfish Leela Chess Zero [110]
Caro-Kann Special 2021 5+2 Stockfish Leela Chess Zero [111]
King's Indian Defense Special 2021 10+2 Leela Chess Zero Stockfish [112]
Dutch Defense Special 2021 10+2 Stockfish Leela Chess Zero [113]
Evans Gambit Madness 2021 10+2 Leela Chess Zero Stockfish [114]
Sicilian Najdorf Special 2021 10+2 Stockfish Dragon [115]
Belgian Stew 2021 2+1 Stockfish Leela Chess Zero [116]
Saragossa 2021 2+1 Leela Chess Zero Stockfish [117]
Double Bongcloud, Rapid 2021 10+2 Leela Chess Zero Stockfish [118]
The Hillbilly Attack 2021 10+2 Leela Chess Zero Dragon [119]
Romantic Openings: Danish Gambit Accepted 2021 3+2 Stockfish Dragon [120]
Romantic Openings: Evans Gambit Accepted 2021 3+2 Stockfish Leela Chess Zero [121]
Romantic Openings: Urusov Gambit Accepted 2021 5+2 Stockfish Dragon [122]
Romantic Openings: Blackmar-Diemer Gambit 2021 5+2 Stockfish Dragon [123]
Romantic Openings: Stafford Gambit 2021 1+2 Leela Chess Zero Stockfish [124]
Romantic Openings: Calabrese Countergambit 2021 5+2 Stockfish Leela Chess Zero [125]
Romantic Openings: Traxler Counterattack 2021 5+2 Leela Chess Zero Stockfish [126]
No Black Castling 2022 5+5 Stockfish Dragon [127]
Draw Killer 2022 15+5 Stockfish Leela Chess Zero [128]
Romantic Openings: Wing Gambit 2022 5+2 Stockfish Leela Chess Zero [129]

PogChamps

Chess.com has hosted PogChamps, an amateur online tournament featuring Twitch streamers, since 2020. The first PogChamps featured notable streamers including xQcOW, MoistCr1TiKaL, Ludwig Ahgren, and forsen. Notable new participants from PogChamps 2 included itsHafu and Hafþór Júlíus Björnsson.[130] PogChamps 3, beginning in February 2021, debuted with a wider range of Internet personalities and celebrities, with new competitors including MrBeast, Neekolul, Myth, Pokimane, actor Rainn Wilson, and rapper Logic.

See also

References

  1. ↑ "About Chess.com". https://www.chess.com/about. 
  2. ↑ "Chess.com chooses Azul Zing to enhance real-time gaming experience". marketwired.com. April 26, 2016. http://www.marketwired.com/press-release/chesscom-chooses-azul-zing-to-enhance-real-time-gaming-experience-2118463.htm. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 "Chess.com: A Social Networking Site For...Well You Can Probably Guess". TechCrunch. July 8, 2007. https://techcrunch.com/2007/07/08/chesscom-a-social-networking-site-forwell-you-can-probably-guess/. 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Waldstein, David (March 15, 2020). "Think Cheating in Baseball Is Bad? Try Chess" (in en-US). The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/15/sports/chess-cheating.html. 
  5. ↑ "Chess Mentor by Aficionado". July 10, 1997. http://www.chess.com/home.html. 
  6. ↑ "How two BYU grads launched the world's most popular chess website" (in en). January 31, 2023. https://www.deseret.com/2023/1/30/23578327/how-two-byu-grads-launched-the-worlds-most-popular-chess-website. 
  7. ↑ "Chesspark And Chess.com Put Their Pawns Together". TechCrunch. December 22, 2009. https://techcrunch.com/2009/12/22/chesspark-chess-com-merger/. 
  8. ↑ Peter Doggers (October 3, 2013). "Breaking: Chess.com to acquire". ChessVibes. http://www.chessvibes.com/?q=breaking-chesscom-to-acquire-chessvibes. 
  9. ↑ Mike Klein (October 3, 2013). "Chess.com to Acquire ChessVibes". USCF. http://www.uschess.org/content/view/12379/319/. 
  10. ↑ Pete Cilento (December 15, 2014). "Chess.com: 1 Billion Games Served". Chess.com. http://www.chess.com/article/view/chesscom-1-billion-games-served. 
  11. ↑ "Introducing The New Chess.com (Version 3)". Chess.com. January 21, 2016. https://www.chess.com/article/view/introducing-chess-com-version-3. 
  12. ↑ Angelica Cabral (June 15, 2017). "Chess.com App Crashes on Older Apple Devices After People Played One Game Too Many". Slate Magazine. http://www.slate.com/blogs/future_tense/2017/06/15/chess_com_app_crashes_on_older_apple_devices_after_people_played_one_game.html?via=gdpr-consent. Retrieved September 5, 2018. 
  13. ↑ Keith Collins (June 14, 2017). "A popular chess app inadvertently broke the mathematical limits of older Apple devices". QZ. https://qz.com/1005230/chess-coms-ios-app-inadvertently-broke-the-mathematical-limits-of-older-apple-devices/. 
  14. ↑ "Why Chess.com Broke on 32-bit iOS Devices". Drinkingcaffeine.com. June 13, 2017. https://www.drinkingcaffeine.com/2017/06/13/why-chesscom-broke-on-32-bit-ios-devices/. 
  15. ↑ "Chess.com Acquires Komodo; Launches New 'Monte Carlo' Version Similar To AlphaZero". Chess.com. May 24, 2018. https://www.chess.com/news/view/chess-com-acquires-komodo-launches-new-monte-carlo-version-similar-to-alphazero. 
  16. ↑ "Komodo 12 with AlphaZero techniques". Chessbase. May 28, 2018. https://en.chessbase.com/post/komodo-12-with-alphazero-techniques. 
  17. ↑ RS, Prasad (November 18, 2020). "Chess.com acquires broadcast rights for 2021 FIDE World Championship" (in en). https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/chess/chess-com-acquires-broadcast-rights-for-2021-fide-world-championship/articleshow/79275204.cms. 
  18. ↑ "Russia blocks chess website over Ukraine". France24. April 24, 2022. https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20220424-russia-blocks-chess-website-over-ukraine. 
  19. ↑ "Роскомнадзор заблокировал самый популярный шахматный сайт chess.com — там заменяли флаг России на статью об Украине". Tjournal. May 2, 2022. https://tjournal.ru/news/600988-roskomnadzor-zablokiroval-samyy-populyarnyy-shahmatnyy-sayt-chess-com-tam-zamenyali-flag-rossii-na-statyu-ob-ukraine. 
  20. ↑ "Сергей Карякин призвал РКН заблокировать шахматный сайт chess.com". Oblgazeta. May 2, 2022. https://www.oblgazeta.ru/society/134720/. 
  21. ↑ "On The Invasion Of Ukraine". May 2, 2022. https://www.chess.com/article/view/on-the-invasion-of-ukraine#flags. 
  22. ↑ "Chess: Carlsen expands on 'cheating' suspicions against Niemann | DW | 26.09.2022". https://www.dw.com/en/chess-carlsen-expands-on-cheating-suspicions-against-niemann/a-63247686. 
  23. ↑ Chappell, Bill (September 21, 2022). "The cheating scandal roiling the chess world has a new wrinkle". https://www.npr.org/2022/09/21/1124082877/chess-cheating-scandal-niemann-carlsen. 
  24. ↑ "Chess Grandmaster Maxim Dlugy Admitted to Cheating on Chess.com, Emails Show". https://www.vice.com/en/article/z34qz8/chess-grandmaster-maxim-dlugy-admitted-to-cheating-on-chesscom-emails-show. 
  25. ↑ Team (CHESScom), Chess com. "Chess.com Global Championship 2022: All The Information" (in en-US). https://www.chess.com/article/view/chesscom-global-championship-2022. 
  26. ↑ West (NM_Vanessa), Vanessa. "Wesley So Becomes First-Ever Chess.com Global Champion" (in en-US). https://www.chess.com/news/view/2022-chesscom-global-championship-final-d2. 
  27. ↑ https://www.chess.com/article/view/chesscom-reaches-100-million-members
  28. ↑ Team (CHESScom), Chess com. "Cat Bots: The Purrfect Way To Start The Year" (in en-US). https://www.chess.com/news/view/chesscom-announces-cat-bots. 
  29. ↑ Team (CHESScom), Chess com. "Battle Against The A.I. Bots!" (in en-US). https://www.chess.com/news/view/chesscom-ai-bots. 
  30. ↑ https://esports.gg/news/chess/chess-com-crashes-as-it-hits-the-highest-ever-daily-active-users/
  31. ↑ McClain, Dylan Loeb (March 13, 2010). "Wherever You Are, a Game Is Just a Point and Click Away". The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2010/03/14/crosswords/chess/14chess.html. 
  32. ↑ "Chess.com, red social para los jugadores de ajedrez". GenBeta.com. July 8, 2007. http://www.genbeta.com/web/chesscom-red-social-para-los-jugadores-de-ajedrez. 
  33. ↑ "Video Authors". Chess.com. https://www.chess.com/videos/authors. 
  34. ↑ "What are the site's policies?". Chess.com. https://support.chess.com/customer/portal/articles/1444772. 
  35. ↑ Rensch, Daniel. "Cheating on Chess.com" (in en-US). Chess.com. https://www.chess.com/blog/DanielRensch/cheating-on-chesscom. 
  36. ↑ 36.0 36.1 "ICA Offers Free ChessKid Gold Upgrade to K-12 Members". Illinois Chess Association. http://www.il-chess.org/youthnews/700-chess-kid-membership-offer. 
  37. ↑ David Pruess (May 31, 2012). "The United States Chess Federation – Nation's Top Chess Kids to Battle in Online Invitational". United States Chess League. http://www.uschess.org/content/view/11761/319/. 
  38. ↑ "Bay Area kids look to checkmate opponents from a computer screen". Contra Costa Times. June 15, 2013. http://www.contracostatimes.com/ci_23470145/chess-bay-area-kids-look-checkmate-opponents-from. 
  39. ↑ "ChessKid Gold Membership". NTCA. https://www.northtexaschessacademy.com/product-page/chesskid-com-gold-membership. 
  40. ↑ Hermann, Lene Marita Berg (August 24, 2022). "Chess vil by 13 kroner aksjen for hele Play Magnus Group" (in Norwegian). Dagens Næringsliv. https://www.dn.no/marked/chess-vil-by-13-kroner-aksjen-for-hele-play-magnus-group/2-1-1284026. Retrieved August 26, 2022. 
  41. ↑ "Chess.com Officially Acquires Play Magnus, Carlsen Signs As Ambassador". December 21, 2021. https://www.chess.com/news/view/chesscom-acquires-pmg. 
  42. ↑ Kelemen, Luci (August 24, 2022). "Chess.com to acquire Play Magnus Group". Dot Esports. https://dotesports.com/chess/news/chess-com-to-acquire-play-magnus-group. Retrieved August 26, 2022. 
  43. ↑ Mark Crowther (October 27, 2016). "Carlsen-Nakamura chess.com GM Blitz Battle Final 2016". TWIC. http://theweekinchess.com/chessnews/events/carlsen-nakamura-chess.com-gm-blitz-battle-final-2016. 
  44. ↑ Mike Klein (July 1, 2016). "GM Blitz Battle Historical Archive". Chess.com. https://www.chess.com/article/view/gm-blitz-battle-historical-archive. 
  45. ↑ Pete Cilento (May 2, 2017). "2017 Speed Chess Championship Schedule, Results, Information". Chess.com. https://www.chess.com/article/view/2017-speed-chess-championship-information. 
  46. ↑ "Speed Chess Championship 2018 - Official Information". Chess.com. August 18, 2018. https://www.chess.com/article/view/2018-speed-chess-championship-official-schedule-players-prizes-information. 
  47. ↑ "Nakamura Defeats So To Repeat As Speed Chess Champion". Chess.com. April 20, 2018. https://www.chess.com/article/view/2019-speed-chess-championship. 
  48. ↑ "Nakamura Wins 2020 Speed Chess Championship Final Presented By OnJuno". Chess.com. December 15, 2020. https://www.chess.com/news/view/nakamura-wins-2020-speed-chess-championship. 
  49. ↑ (Samcopeland), Sam Copeland (December 19, 2021). "Nakamura Wins 2021 Speed Chess Championship Final With Double-Digit Dominance". Chess.com. https://www.chess.com/news/view/nakamura-wins-speed-chess-championship-final-with-double-digit-dominance. 
  50. ↑ "2022 Speed Chess Championship Main Event". https://www.chess.com/events/2022-speed-chess-championship-main-event. 
  51. ↑ Klein, Mike (August 5, 2013). "Chess.com to Host 2013 US Chess League". Chess.com. https://www.chess.com/news/view/chesscom-to-host-all-2013-uscl-action-5107. 
  52. ↑ Peter Doggers (August 25, 2016). "U.S. Chess League Becomes PRO Chess League". Chess.com. https://www.chess.com/news/view/u-s-chess-league-becomes-pro-chess-league-5789. 
  53. ↑ Isaac Steincamp (May 22, 2019). "PRO Chess League Summer Series: 16 Teams, 16 Stories". Chess.com. https://www.chess.com/news/view/pro-chess-league-summer-series-16-teams-16-stories. 
  54. ↑ Mike Klein (March 26, 2017). "St. Louis Arch Bishops Win Inaugural PRO League Title". Chess.com. https://www.chess.com/news/view/saint-louis-arch-bishops-win-inaugural-pro-league-title-7360. 
  55. ↑ Devanshi Rathi (April 11, 2018). "The PRO Chess League Finals: The biggest event in Chess e-sports history". https://www.sportskeeda.com/chess/the-pro-chess-league-finals-the-biggest-event-in-chess-e-sports-history. 
  56. ↑ Mike Klein (May 8, 2019). "Arch Bishops Capture 2nd PRO Chess League Title". Chess.com. https://www.chess.com/news/view/saint-louis-arch-bishops-win-2019-pro-chess-league. 
  57. ↑ 57.0 57.1 John Lee Shaw (February 8, 2017). "Safarli Wins Chess.com 'Titled Tuesday' for February". https://hotoffthechess.com/safarli-wins-chess-com-titled-tuesday-for-february/. 
  58. ↑ Mike Klein (October 28, 2014). "Jobava Stays Up Late, Routs Chess.com's First Titled Tuesday". https://www.chess.com/news/view/jobava-stays-up-late-routs-chesscoms-first-titled-player-tuesday-6127. 
  59. ↑ 59.0 59.1 "Titled Tuesday: All The Information". September 27, 2022. https://www.chess.com/article/view/titled-tuesday. 
  60. ↑ Dennis Monokroussos (November 15, 2017). "Carlsen Wins November's "Titled Tuesday"". http://www.thechessmind.net/blog/2017/11/15/carlsen-wins-novembers-titled-tuesday.html. 
  61. ↑ "Announcement of the 2018 Chess.com Isle of Man International". http://iominternationalchess.com/news-media/news/208-win-earn-an-expenses-paid-spot-in-the-chess-com-isle-of-man-international.html. 
  62. ↑ Sam Copeland (June 9, 2018). "Iranians Darini, Hejazipour Win IoM Trips In Titled Tuesday". https://www.chess.com/news/view/iranians-darini-hejazipour-win-iom-trips-in-titled-tuesday-3288. 
  63. ↑ "Deathmatch historical archive". Chess.com. May 17, 2012. http://www.chess.com/article/view/death-match-historical-archive. 
  64. ↑ Klein, Mike (May 30, 2013). "Death Match 15: Caruana vs. Aveskulov". USchess.org. http://www.uschess.org/content/view/12225/709. 
  65. ↑ 65.0 65.1 Pete Cilento (November 18, 2018). "Chess.com announces computer chess championship". Chess.com. https://www.chess.com/article/view/chess-com-announces-computer-chess-championship. 
  66. ↑ 66.0 66.1 Pete Cilento (November 18, 2017). "Stockfish wins chess.com computer championship". Chess.com. https://www.chess.com/news/view/stockfish-wins-chess-com-computer-championship. 
  67. ↑ Pete (Pete). "Live Now: The New Computer Chess Championship" (in en-US). https://www.chess.com/news/view/announcing-the-new-computer-chess-championship. 
  68. ↑ Pete (Pete). "Machine-Learning Lc0 Joins 'Big 3' Engines Atop Computer Chess Championship At Half" (in en-US). https://www.chess.com/news/view/machine-learning-lc0-joins-big-3-engines-atop-computer-chess-championship-half. 
  69. ↑ Cilento, Pete. "Stockfish Wins Computer Chess Championship Rapid; Lc0 Finishes 3rd" (in en-US). https://www.chess.com/news/view/stockfish-wins-computer-chess-championship-rapid-lc0-finishes-3rd-3887. 
  70. ↑ Cilento, Pete. "Stockfish Wins Computer Chess Championship Blitz" (in en-US). https://www.chess.com/news/view/stockfish-wins-computer-chess-championship-blitz. 
  71. ↑ Cilento, Pete. "Stockfish Wins Rapid Computer Championship Over Lc0; Bullet Chess Next" (in en-US). https://www.chess.com/news/view/stockfish-wins-rapid-computer-championship-over-lc0-bullet-chess-next. 
  72. ↑ Cilento, Pete. "Stockfish Wins Computer Chess Championship Bullet; 'Escalation' Next" (in en-US). https://www.chess.com/news/view/stockfish-wins-computer-chess-championship-bullet-escalation-next. 
  73. ↑ https://cccfiles.chess.com/archive/tournament-18208.pgn [bare URL]
  74. ↑ Cilento, Pete. "Computer Chess Championship Plays Blitz After Stockfish Defends Title" (in en-US). https://www.chess.com/news/view/computer-chess-championship-playing-blitz-after-stockfish-defends-title. 
  75. ↑ Cilento, Pete (April 17, 2019). "Lc0 Wins Computer Chess Championship, Makes History". https://www.chess.com/news/view/lc0-wins-computer-chess-championship-makes-history. 
  76. ↑ Pete (pete). "Stockfish Strikes Back, Tops Lc0 In Computer Chess Championship" (in en-US). https://www.chess.com/news/view/computer-chess-championship-9-stockfish-lc0. 
  77. ↑ "Computer Chess Championship". https://www.chess.com/computer-chess-championship#event=ccc-9-the-gauntlet-final. 
  78. ↑ "Computer Chess Championship". https://www.chess.com/computer-chess-championship#event=ccc10-finals. 
  79. ↑ "Computer Chess Championship". https://www.chess.com/computer-chess-championship#event=ccc11-finals. 
  80. ↑ "Computer Chess Championship". https://www.chess.com/computer-chess-championship#event=ccc1218-scorpio-vs-stockfish-thirdplace-match. 
  81. ↑ "Computer Chess Championship". https://www.chess.com/computer-chess-championship#event=ccc13-finals. 
  82. ↑ "CCC 14". https://www.chess.com/computer-chess-championship#event=ccc1429-stockfish-vs-lc0-tiebreak. 
  83. ↑ "Computer Chess Championship". https://www.chess.com/computer-chess-championship#event=ccc-blitz-championship-2020-finals. 
  84. ↑ "Computer Chess Championship". https://www.chess.com/computer-chess-championship#event=ccc-rapid-2021-finals. 
  85. ↑ "Computer Chess Championship". https://www.chess.com/computer-chess-championship#event=ccc-blitz-championship-2021-finals. 
  86. ↑ "Computer Chess Championship". https://www.chess.com/computer-chess-championship#event=ccc-chess-960-blitz-championship-finals. 
  87. ↑ "Computer Chess Championship". https://www.chess.com/computer-chess-championship#event=ccc-16-rapid-finals. 
  88. ↑ "Computer Chess Championship". https://www.chess.com/computer-chess-championship#event=ccc-16-bullet-finals. 
  89. ↑ "Computer Chess Championship". https://www.chess.com/computer-chess-championship#event=ccc-16-blitz-finals. 
  90. ↑ "Computer Chess Championship". https://www.chess.com/computer-chess-championship#event=ccc-17-rapid-finals. 
  91. ↑ "Computer Chess Championship". https://www.chess.com/computer-chess-championship#event=ccc-17-bullet-finals. 
  92. ↑ "Computer Chess Championship". https://www.chess.com/computer-chess-championship#event=ccc-17-blitz-finals. 
  93. ↑ "Computer Chess Championship". https://www.chess.com/computer-chess-championship#event=ccc-18-rapid-finals. 
  94. ↑ "Computer Chess Championship". https://www.chess.com/computer-chess-championship#event=ccc-19-blitz-finals. 
  95. ↑ "Computer Chess Championship". https://www.chess.com/computer-chess-championship#event=ccc-19-rapid-finals. 
  96. ↑ "Computer Chess Championship". https://www.chess.com/computer-chess-championship#event=ccc-19-bullet-finals. 
  97. ↑ "Computer Chess Championship". https://www.chess.com/computer-chess-championship#event=ccc-20-blitz-finals. 
  98. ↑ "Computer Chess Championship". https://www.chess.com/computer-chess-championship#event=cpu-blitz-madness. 
  99. ↑ "Computer Chess Championship". https://www.chess.com/computer-chess-championship#event=trillionnode-throwdown-iii. 
  100. ↑ "Computer Chess Championship". https://www.chess.com/computer-chess-championship#event=nocastle-ii. 
  101. ↑ "Computer Chess Championship". https://www.chess.com/computer-chess-championship#event=bullet-chess-is-fun. 
  102. ↑ "Computer Chess Championship". https://www.chess.com/computer-chess-championship#event=checkmate-in-4. 
  103. ↑ "Computer Chess Championship". https://www.chess.com/computer-chess-championship#event=odds-ladder. 
  104. ↑ "Computer Chess Championship". https://www.chess.com/computer-chess-championship#event=merry-queen-sac. 
  105. ↑ "Computer Chess Championship". https://www.chess.com/computer-chess-championship#event=budapest-bullet. 
  106. ↑ "Computer Chess Championship". https://www.chess.com/computer-chess-championship#event=king-gambit-madness. 
  107. ↑ "Computer Chess Championship". https://www.chess.com/computer-chess-championship#event=drawkiller-update-party. 
  108. ↑ "Computer Chess Championship". https://www.chess.com/computer-chess-championship#event=to-castle-or-not-to-castle-ii. 
  109. ↑ "Computer Chess Championship". https://www.chess.com/computer-chess-championship#event=eco-megamatch-2-part-1. 
  110. ↑ "Computer Chess Championship". https://www.chess.com/computer-chess-championship#event=eco-megamatch-2-part-2. 
  111. ↑ "Computer Chess Championship". https://www.chess.com/computer-chess-championship#event=carokann-special. 
  112. ↑ "Computer Chess Championship". https://www.chess.com/computer-chess-championship#event=kings-indian-defense-special. 
  113. ↑ "Computer Chess Championship". https://www.chess.com/computer-chess-championship#event=dutch-defense-special. 
  114. ↑ "Computer Chess Championship". https://www.chess.com/computer-chess-championship#event=evans-gambit-madness. 
  115. ↑ "Computer Chess Championship". https://www.chess.com/computer-chess-championship#event=sicilian-najdorf-special. 
  116. ↑ "Computer Chess Championship". https://www.chess.com/computer-chess-championship#event=belgian-stew. 
  117. ↑ "Computer Chess Championship". https://www.chess.com/computer-chess-championship#event=saragossa. 
  118. ↑ "Computer Chess Championship". https://www.chess.com/computer-chess-championship#event=double-bongcloud-rapid. 
  119. ↑ "Computer Chess Championship". https://www.chess.com/computer-chess-championship#event=the-hillbilly-attack. 
  120. ↑ "Romantic Openings: Danish Gambit Accepted". https://www.chess.com/computer-chess-championship#event=romantic-openings-danish-gambit-accepted. 
  121. ↑ "Romantic Openings: Evans Gambit Accepted". https://www.chess.com/computer-chess-championship#event=romantic-openings-evans-gambit-accepted. 
  122. ↑ "Romantic Openings: Urusov Gambit Accepted". https://www.chess.com/computer-chess-championship#event=romantic-openings-urusov-gambit-accepted. 
  123. ↑ "Romantic Openings: Blackmar-Diemer Gambit". https://www.chess.com/computer-chess-championship#event=romantic-openings-blackmardiemer-gambit. 
  124. ↑ "Romantic Openings: Stafford Gambit". https://www.chess.com/computer-chess-championship#event=romantic-openings-stafford-gambit. 
  125. ↑ "Romantic Openings: Calabrese Countergambit". https://www.chess.com/computer-chess-championship#event=romantic-openings-calabrese-countergambit. 
  126. ↑ "Romantic Openings: Traxler Counterattack". https://www.chess.com/computer-chess-championship#event=romantic-openings-traxler-counterattack. 
  127. ↑ "No Black Castling Bonus". https://www.chess.com/computer-chess-championship#event=no-black-castling-bonus. 
  128. ↑ "Draw Killer Bonus". https://www.chess.com/computer-chess-championship#event=draw-killer-bonus. 
  129. ↑ "Romantic Openings: Wing Gambit". https://www.chess.com/computer-chess-championship#event=romantic-openings-wing-gambit. 
  130. ↑ "Chess.com Launches PogChamps With Top Twitch Streamers". https://www.chess.com/news/view/chess-com-pogchamps-twitch-rivals. 

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