Disemvoweling

From HandWiki
Short description: Removal of vowels from a text
Sticker "Ght whln" using the Run-DMC logo design: disemvoweling of German slogan "Geht wählen" ("Go vote")
Not to be confused with disembowelling.

Disemvoweling, disemvowelling (see doubled L), or disemvowelment of a piece of alphabetic text is rewriting it with all the vowel letters elided.[1] Disemvoweling is often used in band and company names. It used to be a common feature of SMS language where space was costly.[1]

Example

This original country name:

Democratic Republic of the Congo

would, after being disemvowelled, look like this:

Dmcrtc Rpblc f th Cng

Etymology

The word disemvowel is a portmanteau combining vowel and disembowel.[1] One of the earliest attestations of the word dates back to the 1860s.[2] The 1939 novel Finnegans Wake by James Joyce also uses it: "Secret speech Hazelton and obviously disemvowelled".[3]

Use as a moderation tool

A technique dubbed splat out was used by Usenet moderators to prevent flamewars, by substituting a "splat" (i.e., asterisk) for some letters, often the vowels, of highly charged words in postings. Examples include Nazi→N*z*, evolution→*v*l*t**n, gun control→g*n c*ntr*l. "The purpose is not to make the word unrecognizable but to make it a mention rather than a use."[4] The term "disemvoweling"—attested from 1990[5]—was occasionally used for the splat-out of vowels.[4][6]

Teresa Nielsen Hayden used the vowel-deletion technique in 2002 for internet forum moderation on her blog Making Light.[7] This was termed disemvoweling by Arthur D. Hlavaty later in the same thread.[8]

Nielsen Hayden joined the group blog Boing Boing as community manager in August 2007,[citation needed] when it re-enabled comments on its posts,[9] and implemented disemvoweling.[10] Gawker Media sites adopted disemvoweling as a moderation tool in August 2008.[11][12] On 30 October 2008, Time (magazine) magazine listed disemvoweling as #42 of their "Top 50 Inventions of 2008".[13]

Xeni Jardin, co-editor of Boing Boing, said of the practice, "the dialogue stays, but the misanthrope looks ridiculous, and the emotional sting is neutralized."[14] Also, Boing Boing producers claim that disemvoweling sends a clear message to internet forums as to types of behavior that are unacceptable.Cite error: Closing </ref> missing for <ref> tag one of his ideas was to install a feature that allowed a reader to "disemvowel" an article they didn't enjoy, the idea being that another reader would have to pay to reinstate the vowels. Shailesh Prakash, the newspaper's chief product and technology officer, said "the idea didn’t go far".[15]

Criticism

In July 2008, New York Times reporter Noam Cohen criticized disemvoweling as a moderation tool, citing a June 2008 dispute about the deletion of all posts on Boing Boing that mentioned sex columnist Violet Blue[citation needed]. In the Boing Boing comment threads resulting from this controversy, Nielsen Hayden used the disemvoweling technique. Cohen noted that disemvoweling was "Not quite censorship, but not quite unfettered commentary either."[16] A subsequent unsigned case study on online crisis communication asserted that "removing the vowels from participants' comments only increased the gulf between the editors and the community" during the controversy.[17]

Matt Baumgartner, a blogger at the Albany Times Union, reported in August 2009 that the newspaper's lawyers had told him to stop disemvoweling comments.[18]

Implementation

Nielsen Hayden originally disemvoweled postings manually, using Microsoft Word. Because the letter Y is sometimes a vowel and sometimes a consonant, there are a variety of ways to treat it. Nielsen Hayden's policy was never to remove Y, in order to maintain legibility.[19]

The technique has been facilitated by plug-in filters to automate the process. The first, for MovableType, was written in 2002;[20] others are available for WordPress[21] and other content management systems.

Use in company and band names

Since the 2000s, various company and band names have been making use of full or partial disemvowelling, such as twttr (original name of Twitter), abrdn, BHLDN, Tumblr, Flickr, or Scribd.[22] Artists and band names without vowels include Mstrkrft, MGMT, MNDR, Blk Jks, Sbtrkt, WSTRN, HMGNC, Strfkr, Kshmr, LNDN DRGS, LNZNDRF, PVT, RDGLDGRN, Dvsn, SWMRS, and Dwntwn.[23] Disemvoweling can be used due to copyright or search engine optimization reasons.[24] For voice user interfaces, band and song names without vowels can be difficult to process.[25]

See also

  • English words without vowels
  • Vanity plate
  • Abjad, a writing system similar to an alphabet that removes most or all vowels

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Maxwell, Kerry (13 August 2007). "disemvowelling or disemvoweling". Macmillan. http://www.macmillandictionaries.com/wordoftheweek/archive/070813-disemvowelling.htm. 
  2. ↑ "Personal". The Franklin Repository: 2. August 14, 1867. https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-franklin-repository-personal/136520560/. "His manner is not in the least cockneyish—as he neither disemvowels his syllables nor asperates his H's.". 
  3. ↑ Joyce, James; Groden, Michael (1978) (in en). Finnegans Wake Book III: A Facsimile of the Galley Proofs. Garland Pub.. pp. 397. ISBN 978-0-8240-2847-3. https://books.google.com/books?id=cdZaAAAAMAAJ&q=%22obviously+disemvowelled%22. 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Raymond, Eric. "splat out". http://catb.org/jargon/html/S/splat-out.html. 
  5. ↑ Thomas, Martyn (31 August 1990). "Risks Digest 10.37". Google Groups. https://groups.google.com/group/comp.risks/browse_thread/thread/54ce5083f674fb96/0e53d1fd3574a017. "Censored, even though disemvoweled (as in *br*dg*d or s*n*t*z*d)" 
  6. ↑ Raymond, Eric. "disemvowel". http://catb.org/jargon/html/D/disemvowel.html. 
  7. ↑ Nielsen Hayden, Teresa (19 November 2002). "Housekeeping". http://nielsenhayden.com/makinglight/archives/001551.html#8717. "I decided that since nobody was paying attention to PS's arguments anyway, and it's dreary having to scroll up and down past them, they'd be better shortened. So I took out the vowels." 
  8. ↑ Hlavaty, Arthur D. (21 November 2002). "Comment 48". http://nielsenhayden.com/makinglight/archives/001551.html#8725. 
  9. ↑ Frauenfelder, Mark (28 August 2007). "Welcome to the new Boing Boing!". http://boingboing.net/2007/08/welcome-to-the-new-b.html. 
  10. ↑ Nielsen Hayden, Teresa (4 September 2007). "Witchcraft practitioner wins Mega Millions lottery: Comment 33". http://www.boingboing.net/2007/09/03/witchcraft-practitio.html#comment-6383. "Disemvowelling. You can still read it if you want to work at it, but you don't read it automatically. I prefer it to deleting posts that have objectionable material in them. Sometimes, if it's just a phrase or sentence or paragraph that's the problem, I'll disemvowel that and leave the rest in plaintext." 
  11. ↑ Crecente, Brian (8 August 2008). "Kotaku's New Tool: The Straight Razor of Disemvoweling". http://kotaku.com/5034654/kotakus-new-tool-the-straight-razor-of-disemvoweling. 
  12. ↑ Popken, Ben (7 August 2008). "Consumerist Site Design Tweaked". http://consumerist.com/5034309/consumerist-site-design-tweaked. 
  13. ↑ "42. Disemvoweling - 50 Best Inventions 2008". Time (magazine) (Time Inc.). 30 October 2008. http://content.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,1852747_1854195_1854185,00.html. Retrieved 30 April 2020. 
  14. ↑ Jardin, Xeni (2008). "Online Communities Rot Without Daily Tending By Human Hands". Edge. http://www.edge.org/q2008/q08_7.html#jardin. 
  15. ↑ "How Jeff Bezos Became a Power Beyond Amazon" (in en). http://fortune.com/amazon-jeff-bezos-prime/. 
  16. ↑ Cohen, Noam (7 July 2008). "Poof! You're Unpublished". The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2008/07/07/business/media/07link.html. 
  17. ↑ "Online Crisis Communications: Your First Statement Is Crucial". 21 July 2008. http://www.prnewsonline.com/digitalpr/casestudies/dpr11933.html. 
  18. ↑ Baumgartner, Matt (31 August 2009). "A, E, I, O, U and sometimes why". Albany: Times Union. http://blog.timesunion.com/baumgartner/a-e-i-o-u-and-sometimes-why/1641/. 
  19. ↑ Nielsen Hayden, Teresa (18 April 2007). "Moderation certificate: Comment #10". http://nielsenhayden.com/makinglight/archives/008862.html#181688. 
  20. ↑ Bryant (8 March 2009). "Deprecating Disemvowelment". http://bryant.livejournal.com/669399.html. 
  21. ↑ "Search Results for "Disemvowel" | WordPress.org". https://wordpress.org/plugins/search/disemvowel/. 
  22. ↑ Shapiro, Jon. "The Disemvoweling of Modern Brands - COHO Creative" (in en-US). https://www.cohocreative.com/the-disemvoweling-of-modern-brands/. 
  23. ↑ Kaufman, Gil (2016-08-04). "What's in a (Band) Name? These Days, Not Many Vowels: Here's Why" (in en-US). Billboard. https://www.billboard.com/music/music-news/band-names-no-vowels-explained-7460886/. Retrieved 2022-07-26. 
  24. ↑ Williams, John (2018-12-29). "Where Have All the Vowels Gone?" (in en-US). The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. https://www.nytimes.com/2018/12/29/style/vowels-no-more.html. 
  25. ↑ Springer, Aaron; Cramer, Henriette (2018-04-21). ""Play PRBLMS": Identifying and Correcting Less Accessible Content in Voice Interfaces". Proceedings of the 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. CHI '18. New York, NY, USA: Association for Computing Machinery. pp. 1–13. doi:10.1145/3173574.3173870. ISBN 978-1-4503-5620-6. https://doi.org/10.1145/3173574.3173870. 

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