Earth:Bradgate Formation
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| Bradgate Formation Stratigraphic range: Ediacaran 561–557 Ma[1] | |
|---|---|
| File:Bradgate park rocks.jpg Bradgate Park, which gave the name to the formation, which itself can be found here. | |
| Type | Formation |
| Unit of | Maplewell Group |
| Sub-units | See: Members |
| Underlies | Hanging Rocks Formation[2] |
| Overlies | Beacon Hill Formation[2] |
| Thickness | 649 m (2,129 ft)[2] |
| Lithology | |
| Primary | Pelite |
| Other | Tuff, Graywacke, Breccia |
| Location | |
| Region | Leicestershire |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Type section | |
| Named for | Bradgate Park |
The Bradgate Formation is a geologic formation in Leicestershire, and lies within the wider Bradgate Park area. It also preserves fossils dating back to the late Ediacaran period.
Geology
The formation is composed of various volcaniclastic rocks, like tuff, and is broken up into two members.[2] It is overlain by the Hanging Rocks Formation, whilst it is underlain by the Beacon Hill Formation.[2][1]
Members
The Bradgate Formation is formally split up into two members, which are as follows, in ascending age:
- Sliding Stone Slump Breccia Member: This member, also sometimes referred to as "Park Breccia Member", is the thinnest of the two, only getting up to 9 m (30 ft) thick. The lower 4 m (13 ft) of this member is primarily composed of slump breccias as the name suggests, which contain clasts that are composed of dust tuff, alongside tuffaceous pelites, set into a matrix of coarse-grained tuffs and medium-grained graywackes.[2] Meanwhile the upper 5 m (16 ft) of this member sees the breccias fade away, only being composed of coarse-grained tuffs that are andesitic in nature, and slowly turn into medium-grained tuffaceous graywackes.[2]
- Hallgate Member: This member is the thickest of the two, getting up to 640 m (2,100 ft) thick. It is predominated by tuffaceous pelites, as well as pelites and dust tuffs. Through-out, there are also thin layers coarse-grained tuffs and medium-grained graywackes.[2]
Dating
At the base of the Bradgate Formation, zircon samples were collected to take U-Pb dating on them and determine the overall age of the formation and fossils. The zircon sample JNC 912, from the base of the formation, returned a date of 561.85±0.33 Ma. Meanwhile a zircon sample, JNC 846, collected from near the base of the overlying Hanging Rocks Formation returned an age of 556.6±6.4 Ma, which would constrain the Bradgate Formation entirely within the Avalon assemblage, and correlating it roughly with the Trepassey Formation.[1]
Paleobiota
The Bradgate Formation contains the richest fossil beds within the Charnian Supergroup, from frondose organisms like Bradgatia and Charnia, which when the latter was discovered, showed definitive proof that macroscopic life did indeed exist before the Cambrian,[3] to discoid forms like Aspidella.
Color key
|
Notes Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; |
Petalonamae
| Genus | Species | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bradgatia[4] |
|
Sessile frondose organism. |  |
| Charnia[3] |
|
Sessile frondose organism, and first organism found within this formation. |  |
| Charniodiscus[3] |
|
Sessile frondose organism. |  |
| Hylaecullulus[5] |
|
Sessile frondose organism. | |
| Primocandelabrum[6] |
|
Sessile frondose organism. | |
| Vinlandia[7] |
|
Sessile frondose organism. |
Cnidaria
| Genus | Species | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|
| Auroralumina[8] |
|
Early sessile crown-group medusozoan cnidarian. |
incertae sedis
| Genus | Species | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|
| Aspidella[9] |
|
Enigmatic discoidal fossil. |  |
| Thectardis[9] |
|
Discoid organism, possibly holdfasts of petalonamids. |  |
Undescribed forms
| Genus | Species | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gladius form[4] |
|
Enigmatic fossil, described to be in the shape of a gladius sword. | |
| Hemispherical form[4] |
|
Enigmatic fossil, described to be hemispherical in shape, with bifurcating radial ribs. | |
| Lanceolate frond[10] |
|
Enigmatic frondose fossil, described to be in the shape of a lance head, which has collapsed in onto itself. |
See also
- List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in England
References
- ((Various Contributors to the Paleobiology Database)). "Fossilworks: Gateway to the Paleobiology Database". https://www.fossilworks.org.
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Noble, Stephen R.; Condon, Daniel J.; Carney, John N.; Wilby, Philip R.; Pharaoh, Timothy C.; Ford, Trevor D. (January 2015). "U-Pb geochronology and global context of the Charnian Supergroup, UK: Constraints on the age of key Ediacaran fossil assemblages". Geological Society of America Bulletin 127 (1-2): 250–265. doi:10.1130/B31013.1.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 Moseley, John; Ford, Trevor. "The Sedimentology of the Charnian Supergroup". Mercian Geologist. https://www.emgs.org.uk/uploads/1/4/9/1/149143154/mg11_4_1989_251_moseley_ford_sedimentology_of_the_charnian_supergroup_2.pdf.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Ford, T. D. (September 1958). "PRE-CAMBRIAN FOSSILS FROM CHARNWOOD FOREST". Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society 31 (3): 211–217. doi:10.1144/pygs.31.3.211.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Kenchington, Charlotte G.; Harris, Simon J.; Vixseboxse, Philip B.; Pickup, Chris; Wilby, Philip R. (June 2018). "The Ediacaran fossils of Charnwood Forest: Shining new light on a major biological revolution". Proceedings of the Geologists' Association 129 (3): 264–277. doi:10.1016/j.pgeola.2018.02.006.
- ↑ Kenchington, Charlotte G.; Dunn, Frances S.; Wilby, Philip R. (October 2018). "Modularity and Overcompensatory Growth in Ediacaran Rangeomorphs Demonstrate Early Adaptations for Coping with Environmental Pressures". Current Biology 28 (20): 3330–3336.e2. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2018.08.036.
- ↑ Kenchington, Charlotte G.; Wilby, Philip R. (January 2017). "Rangeomorph classification schemes and intra-specific variation: are all characters created equal?". Geological Society, London, Special Publications 448 (1): 221–250. doi:10.1144/SP448.19.
- ↑ Brasier, Martin D.; Antcliffe, Jonathan B.; Liu, Alexander G. (September 2012). "The architecture of Ediacaran Fronds". Palaeontology 55 (5): 1105–1124. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2012.01164.x.
- ↑ Dunn, F. S.; Kenchington, C. G.; Parry, L. A.; Clark, J. W.; Kendall, R. S.; Wilby, P. R. (25 July 2022). "A crown-group cnidarian from the Ediacaran of Charnwood Forest, UK". Nature Ecology & Evolution 6 (8): 1095–1104. doi:10.1038/s41559-022-01807-x.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 Wilby, Philip R.; Carney, John N.; Howe, Michael P.A. (1 July 2011). "A rich Ediacaran assemblage from eastern Avalonia: Evidence of early widespread diversity in the deep ocean". Geology 39 (7): 655–658. doi:10.1130/G31890.1.
- ↑ Bowers, Aron. "Further Precambrian (Ediacaran) fossil discoveries in Charnwood Forest, Leicestershire". Mercian Geologist. https://www.monash.edu/__data/assets/pdf_file/0009/85626/mercian-2014-v18-p175-further-ediacaran-fossils-charwood-forest-bowers.pdf.
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