Earth:Campito Formation

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Campito Formation
Stratigraphic range: Lower Cambrian
[1]
File:White Mountains mousetails, Ivesia lycopodioides var. scandularis (24048480354).jpg
White Mountains mousetails, growing on substrate within the Campito Formation
TypeFormation
Sub-unitsSee: Members
UnderliesPoleta Formation[2]
OverliesDeep Spring Formation[2]
Thickness0–3,500 ft (0–1,067 m)[3]
Lithology
PrimaryQuartzite
OtherSiltstone, Sandstone
Location
RegionCalifornia, Nevada
CountryUnited States

The Campito Formation is a geologic formation in the Last Chance Range, California, and Esmeralda County, Nevada. It preserves fossils dating back to the Cambrian period.

Geology

The Campito Formation is mainly composed of very fine to fine-grained quartzite, with small amounts of siltstone, getting up to 3,500 ft (1,100 m) thick.[3]

Members

The formation is split into two distinct members, which are as follows, in ascending age:

  • Andrews Mountain Member: It is the thickest of the two members, getting up to 2,800 ft (850 m) thick. It is composed of olive-gray or greenish-gray very fine to fine grained silty quartzitic sandstone or quartzite and interbedded layers of dark-greenish-gray siltstones, which weather to a greenish-black or just black. The quartzite layers are composed of sub-angular very fine to fine grains of quartz, feldspar and other metallic minerals, all set within a muscovite, chlorite, and biotite.[3]
  • Montenegro Member: It is the thinnest of the two members, only getting up to 1,000 ft (300 m) thick. It is composed of dark-greenish-gray and greenish-gray siltstone composed of a mixture of quartz, muscovite, and chlorite. The siltstone is evenly laminated to thin-bedded. There are also commonly occurring archeocyathid-bearing limestone beds in the upper sections of the member.[3]

Paleobiota

The Campito Formation contains a number of fossils, most of which are found within the Montenegro Member. They range from archeocyathid sponges like Ethmophyllum, to arthropod trilobites like Nevadia,[3] and a wealth of ichnogenera, from burrows like Skolithos, to resting traces like Rusophycus.[4]

Color key
Taxon Reclassified taxon Taxon falsely reported as present Dubious taxon or junior synonym Ichnotaxon Ootaxon Morphotaxon
Notes
Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; crossed out taxa are discredited.

Arthropoda

Genus Species Notes Images
Fritzaspis[5]
  • Fritzaspis sp.
  • F. generalis
  • F. ovalis
 Fallotaspidoid trilobite.
Amplifallotaspis[5]
  • A. keni
 Fallotaspidoid trilobite.
Profallotaspis (?)[5]
  • Profallotaspis (?) sp.
 Fallotaspidoid trilobite.
Archaeaspis[6]
  • A. nelsoni
  • A. macropleuron
 Fallotaspidoid trilobite.
Cirquella[6]
  • C. nelsoni
 Fallotaspidoid trilobite.
Cambroinyoella[6]
  • C. wallacei
 Fallotaspidoid trilobite.
Fallotaspis[3][7][8][9]
  • Fallotaspis sp.
  • F. longa
 Fallotaspidoid trilobite.
Daguinaspis[3]
  • Daguinaspis sp.
 Fallotaspidoid trilobite.
Repinaella[9][5]
  • Repinaella sp.
 Fallotaspidoid trilobite.
Eofallotaspis[9]
  • Eofallotaspis sp.
 Fallotaspidoid trilobite.
Nevadia[3]
  • Nevadia sp.
 Nevadiid trilobite.
Judomia (?)[3]
  • Judomia (?) sp.
 Nevadiid trilobite, assignment to genus is very tentative.
Montezumaspis[10]
  • M. parallela
  • M. cometes
 Holmiid trilobite.
Esmeraldina[3][10][9]
  • E. rowei
  • E. elliptica
  • E. cometes (?)
 Holmiid trilobite. E. cometes was previously identified as Fallotaspis tazemmourtensis.[9]
Holmiella[10]
  • Holmiella sp.
  • H. millerensis
 Holmiid trilobite.
Palmettaspis[10]
  • P. consorta
  • P. lidensis
 Holmiid trilobite.
Grandinasus[10]
  • G. auricampus
  • G. patulus
 Holmiid trilobite.

Lobopodia

Genus Species Notes Images
Microdictyon[11][12]
  • Microdictyon sp.
 Xenusid lopopod.

Lophotrochozoa

Genus Species Notes Images
Microcornus[12]
  • Microcornus sp.
 Lophotrochozoan hyolith.
Ladatheca[9]
  • Ladatheca sp.
 Lophotrochozoan hyolith.
Parkula[12]
  • Parkula sp.
 Lophotrochozoan hyolith.
Hyolithellus (?)[12]
  • Hyolithellus (?) sp.
 Lophotrochozoan hyolith.
Obolella[13]
  • O. excelsis
 Obelellid brachiopod.
Pelagiella[12]
  • P. subangulata
 Pelagiellid mollusc.
Nisusia (?)[13][9]
  • Nisusia (?)sp.
 Kutorginid brachiopod.
Sabellidites (?)[9]
  • Sabellidites (?) sp.
 Tubular fossil.
Brachiopod indet.[13]
  • ???
 Indeterminate brachiopod, most likely an internal mold, possibly a poorly preserved Nisusia (?)sp. specimen, or another kutorginid brachiopod.
Obelellid molds[9]
  • ???
 Molds of obelellid brachiopods.

Chancelloriidae

Genus Species Notes Images
Allonia[12]
  • Allonia sp.
 Chancelloriid organism.
Chancelloria[12]
  • Chancelloria sp.
 Chancelloriid organism.


Cnidaria

Genus Species Notes Images
Paiutitubulites[14]
  • P. variabilis
 Anthozoan cnidarian.

Porifera (Sponges)

Genus Species Notes Images
Ethmophyllum (?)[1]
  • Ethmophyllum (?) sp.
 Archeocyathid sponge.

Echniodermata

Genus Species Notes Images
Helicoplacus[7]
  • Helicoplacus sp.
 Oblong echinoderm.
File:Helicoplacus USNM.jpg
Isolated plates[15]
  • Eocrinoidea (?)
 Isolated plates, possibly of eocrinoid origin.

Foraminifera

Genus Species Notes Images
Platysolenites[7]
  • P. antiquissimus
 Agglutinated hyperamminid foraminiferan.
File:Estonian Museum of Natural History Specimen No 171849 photo (g1 g1-551 1 jpg).jpg

incertae sedis

Genus Species Notes Images
Onuphionella[8]
  • O. durhami
 Tubular fossil.
Volborthella[16]
  • V. titanius
 Tubular fossil, originally described as Campitius.[7]

Ichnogenera

Genus Species Notes Images
Cruziana[4]
  • Cruziana sp.
 Trails.
Planolites[4]
  • Planolites sp.
 Burrows.
Helminthopsis[4]
  • Helminthopsis sp.
 Feeding trails.
Belorhaphe[4]
  • Belorhaphe sp.
 Burrows.
Cochlichnus[4]
  • Cochlichnus sp.
 Burrows.
Scolicia[4]
  • Scolicia sp.
 Burrows.
Rusophycus[4]
  • R. didymus
  • R. radwanskii
 Resting trace of trilobites.
Bergaueria[4]
  • Bergaueria sp.
 Resting trace of cnidarians.
File:Bergaueria radiata.png
Zoophycus[4]
  • Zoophycus sp.
 Polychaete feeding traces.
File:ZoophycosMississippian.jpg
Arthrophycus[4]
  • Arthrophycus sp.
 Polychaete trace.
Teichichnus[4]
  • Teichichnus sp.
 Feeding trace.
Treptichnus[4]
  • Treptichnus sp.
 Burrow, originally described as Phycodes.
File:Treptichnus pedum 3d.png
Diplichnites[4]
  • Diplichnites sp.
 Arthropod trackways.
Skolithos[4]
  • Skolithos sp.
 Burrows.

See also

  • List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Nevada
  • Paleontology in Nevada

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Pruss, Sara B.; Smith, Emily F.; Zhuravlev, Andrey Yu; Nolan, Rhiannon Z.; McGann, Tessa C. (June 2025). "Rise and fall of archaeocyath reefs shaped early Cambrian skeletal animal abundance". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 667. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2025.112852. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 , p. H7 , Wikidata Q57805921
  3. ↑ 3.00 3.01 3.02 3.03 3.04 3.05 3.06 3.07 3.08 3.09 Stewart, J. H.. "Upper Precambrian and Lower Cambrian Strata, in the Southern Great Basin California and Nevada". Geological Survey Professional. https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0620/report.pdf. 
  4. ↑ 4.00 4.01 4.02 4.03 4.04 4.05 4.06 4.07 4.08 4.09 4.10 4.11 4.12 4.13 4.14 Alpert, Stephen P. (1976). "Trilobite and Star-like Trace Fossils from the White-Inyo Mountains, California". Journal of Paleontology 50 (2): 226–239. ISSN 0022-3360. https://www.jstor.org/stable/1303490. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 Stewart, H. J. (2007). "Fallotaspidoid trilobite assemblage (Lower Cambrian) from the Esmeralda Basin (western Nevada, U.S.A.): The oldest trilobites from Laurentia". Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology 31: 123–140. doi:10.1080/03115510701586897. 
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Lieberman, B.S. (2002). "Phylogenetic analysis of some basal early Cambrian Trilobites, the biogeographic origins of the Eutrilobites, and the timing of the Cambrian radiation". Journal of Paleontology 76 (4): 692–708. doi:10.1666/0022-3360(2002)076<0692:paosbe>2.0.co;2. http://paleo.ku.edu/geo/faculty/BSL/JPTrilos2002.pdf. Retrieved 2012-08-14. 
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 Firby, Jean B.; Durham, J. Wyatt (1974). "Molluscan Radula from Earliest Cambrian". Journal of Paleontology 48 (6): 1109–1119. ISSN 0022-3360. https://www.jstor.org/stable/1303389. 
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Signor, Philip W.; Mcmenamin, Mark A. S. (March 1988). "The Early Cambrian worm tube Onuphionella from California and Nevada". Journal of Paleontology 62 (2): 233–240. doi:10.1017/S0022336000029863. 
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 9.6 9.7 9.8 Stewart Hollingsworth, J. (May 2005). "The earliest occurrence of trilobites and brachiopods in the Cambrian of Laurentia". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 220 (1-2): 153–165. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2004.08.008. 
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 Hollingsworth, J. Stewart (2006). "Holmiidae (Trilobita: Olenellina) of the Montezuman Stage (Early Cambrian) in Western Nevada". Journal of Paleontology 80 (2): 309–332. ISSN 0022-3360. https://www.jstor.org/stable/4095128. 
  11. ↑ Skovsted, Christian B.; Balthasar, Uwe; Vinther, Jakob; Sperling, Erik A. (May 2021). "Small shelly fossils and carbon isotopes from the early Cambrian (Stages 3–4) Mural Formation of western Laurentia". Papers in Palaeontology 7 (2): 951–983. doi:10.1002/spp2.1313. 
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 12.3 12.4 12.5 12.6 Wotte, Thomas; Sundberg, Frederick A. (2017). "Small shelly fossils from the Montezuman–Delamaran of the Great Basin in Nevada and California". Journal of Paleontology 91 (5): 883–901. ISSN 0022-3360. https://www.jstor.org/stable/48572351. 
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 Rowell, A. J. (1977). "Early Cambrian Brachiopods from the Southwestern Great Basin of California and Nevada". Journal of Paleontology 51 (1): 68–85. ISSN 0022-3360. https://www.jstor.org/stable/1303464. 
  14. ↑ Tynan, Mark C. (1983). "Coral-like Microfossils from the Lower Cambrian of California". Journal of Paleontology 57 (6): 1188–1211. ISSN 0022-3360. https://www.jstor.org/stable/1304810. 
  15. ↑ Ubaghs, Georges (May 1975). "Early Paleozoic Echinoderms". Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 3 (1): 79–98. doi:10.1146/annurev.ea.03.050175.000455. 
  16. ↑ Yochelson, Ellis L.; Kisselev, Gennadii N. (March 2003). "Early Cambrian Salterella and Volborthella (Phylum Agmata) re‐evaluated". Lethaia 36 (1): 8–20. doi:10.1080/00241160310001254. 



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