Earth:Dakhla Formation

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Short description: _Dakhla
Dakhla Formation
Stratigraphic range: Maastrichtian
TypeGeological formation
Sub-units
  • Ammonite Hill Member[1]
  • Baris Oyster Mudstone Member[2]
  • Beida Shale Member[3]
  • Kharga Shale Member[2]
UnderliesTarawan Formation[4]
OverliesDuwi Formation[4]
Thickness230 meters[4]
Lithology
PrimaryShale[4]
OtherMarl, Phosphorite
Location
Country Egypt

The Dakhla Formation is a Maastrichtian-Danian geologic formation in Egypt.[4] Dinosaur remains are among the fossils that have been recovered from the formation, although none have yet been referred to a specific genus.[5]

Fossil content

Reptiles

Dinosaurs

Dinosaurs reported from the Dakhla Formation
Genus Species Presence Material Notes Images
Sauropoda Ammonite Hill Member.[6] A left femur (Vb-646).[6] Most similar to femurs of Brachiosaurus or Saltasaurus.[6]

Mosasaurs

Mosasaurs reported from the Dakhla Formation
Genus Species Presence Material Notes Images
Globidens G. phosphaticus Beris Oyster Mudstone Member.[2] A single tooth crown (CUNV0011).[2] A mosasaurine.
Globidens phosphaticus maastrichtian marocco.JPG
Mosasaurinae Indeterminate Beris Oyster Mudstone Member.[2] A fragmentary small dentary with a single tooth (CUNV0012).[2] A mosasaurine.

Testudines

Testudines reported from the Dakhla Formation
Genus Species Presence Material Notes Images
Arenila A. krebsi Ammonite Hill Member.[7] Partial skull.[7] A bothremydid turtle.
?Cf. A. krebsi Ammonite Hill Member.[7] Partial dorsal shell & right pelvis.[7] A bothremydid turtle.
Bothremydidae Undetermined large forms Ammonite Hill Member.[7] Nuchal bone, left pleuron & partial plastron of one individual.[7] A large bothremydid turtle, with a shell length of 70 to 80 centimeters.[7]
Panchelonioidea Gen. et. sp. indet. Ammonite Hill Member.[8] Humerus (NVP010).[8] A giant marine turtle.
Taphrosphys T. cf. sulcatus Ammonite Hill Member.[7] Anterior part of dorsal shell & partial dorsal shell with partial anterior plastral lobe.[7] A bothremydid turtle.
Cf. T. sp. Ammonite Hill Member.[7] Left first pleural.[7] A bothremydid turtle.
?Aff. Tasbacka ?Aff. T. sp. Ammonite Hill Member.[7] Left humerus.[7] A chelonioid sea turtle.
Tasbacka danica.JPG
Zolhafah Z. bella Ammonite Hill Member.[7] Skull.[7] A bothremydid turtle.

Fish

Fish reported from the Dakhla Formation
Genus Species Presence Material Notes Images
Anomoeodus A. aegypticus Lower Beris Member.[9] A single specimen (NVP023).[9] A pycnodont.
Diastemapycnodus D. tavernensis Beris Member.[10] "A single vomer with partial dentition".[10] A pycnodont.

Invertebrates

Bivalves

Bivalves reported from the Dakhla Formation
Genus Species Presence Material Notes Images
Apectoichnus A. longissimus Ammonite Hill Member.[1] Borings in Nypa fruits.[1] Bivalve borings.
Teredolites T. clavatus Ammonite Hill Member.[1] 32 moderately preserved borings (TBT02-33) & two badly preserved specimens (TBT44-45) in Nypa fruits.[1] Bivalve borings.

Plants

Plants reported from the Dakhla Formation
Genus Species Presence Material Notes Images
Nypa N. burtinii Fruits & seed casts.[11] A mangrove palm
N. sp. Ammonite Hill Member.[1] Fruits with bivalve borings.[1] A mangrove palm.

See also

  • List of dinosaur-bearing rock formations
    • List of stratigraphic units with indeterminate dinosaur fossils

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 El Hedeny, M.; Kassab, W.; Rashwan, M.; Abu El-Kheir, G.; AbdelGawad, M. (2020-07-01). "Bivalve borings in Maastrichtian fossilNypafruits: Dakhla Formation, Bir Abu Minqar, South Western Desert, Egypt". Ichnos 28 (1): 24–33. doi:10.1080/10420940.2020.1784158. ISSN 1042-0940. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/339002137. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 AbdelGawad, Mohamed K.; Abu El-Kheir, Gebely A.; Kassab, Walid G. (September 2021). "The youngest records of mosasaurid reptiles from the Upper Cretaceous of the South-Western Desert in Egypt". Proceedings of the Geologists' Association 132 (5): 556–562. doi:10.1016/j.pgeola.2021.07.004. ISSN 0016-7878. Bibcode: 2021PrGA..132..556A. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/354793174. 
  3. ↑ "UPPER DAKHLA FORMATION ( BEIDA SHALE MEMBER) AT G. DUWI, RED SEA, EGYPT: MINERALOGICAL AND GEOCHEMICAL ASPECTS | Faculty of Science". https://www.aun.edu.eg/science/upper-dakhla-formation-beida-shale-member-g-duwi-red-sea-egypt-mineralogical-and-geochemical. 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 Anan, Tarek I.; Abd El-Wahed, Ahmed G. (2017-12-15). "The Maastrichtian-Danian Dakhla Formation, Eastern Desert, Egypt: Utilization in manufacturing lightweight aggregates" (in en). Applied Clay Science 150: 10–15. doi:10.1016/j.clay.2017.08.027. ISSN 0169-1317. Bibcode: 2017ApCS..150...10A. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169131717303782. 
  5. ↑ Weishampel, et al. (2004). "Dinosaur distribution." Pp. 517–607.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Rauhut, Oliver W M; Werner, Christa (January 1997). "First record of a Maastrichtian sauropod dinosaur from Egypt". Palaeontolgia Africana 34: 63–67. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/235907515. 
  7. ↑ 7.00 7.01 7.02 7.03 7.04 7.05 7.06 7.07 7.08 7.09 7.10 7.11 7.12 7.13 7.14 de Lapparent, France; Werner, Christa (April 1998). "New Late Cretaceous turtles from the Western Desert, Egypt". Annales de Paléontologie 84 (2): 131–214. doi:10.1016/S0753-3969(98)80005-0. Bibcode: 1998AnPal..84..131D. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/240435581. 
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Abu El-Kheir, G. A.-M.; AbdelGawad, M. K.; Kassab, W. G. (2021). "First known gigantic sea turtle from the Maastrichtian deposits in Egypt". Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 66 (2): 349–355. https://www.app.pan.pl/article/item/app008492020.html. 
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Capasso, Luigi; Abu El-kheir, Gebely Abdelmaksoud; Mousa, Mohamed Kamel; Tantawy, Abdel Aziz (December 2021). "ANOMOEODUS AEGYPTICUS N. SP. (PISCES, †PYCNODONTIFORMES) FROM THE LATE CRETACEOUS OF THE DAKHLA FORMATION, WESTERN DESERT, EGYPT". Thalassia Salentina (43): 89–104. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/357930651. 
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Abu El-Kheir; Tantawy; Mousa; Wahba; Capasso (2022-12-02). "Diastemapycnodus tavernensis gen. et sp. nov. (Actinopterygii, †Pycnodontiformes) from the marine Maastrichtian (Late Cretaceous) of the Dakhla Formation, Western Desert, Egypt". Historical Biology: A Journal of Paleobiology 34 (12): 2324–2331. doi:10.1080/08912963.2021.2014482. https://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/tandf/ghbi/2022/00000034/00000012/art00007. 
  11. ↑ El-Soughier, Maher I.; Mehrotra, R.C.; Zhou, Zhi-Yan; Shi, Gong-Le (January 2011). "Nypa fruits and seeds from the Maastrichtian–Danian sediments of Bir Abu Minqar, South Western Desert, Egypt". Palaeoworld 20 (1): 75–83. doi:10.1016/j.palwor.2010.09.016. ISSN 1871-174X. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/251707921. 

Bibliography

  • Weishampel, David B.; Dodson, Peter; and Osmólska, Halszka (eds.): The Dinosauria, 2nd, Berkeley: University of California Press. 861 pp. ISBN:0-520-24209-2.




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