Earth:List of induced seismic events

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The following is a list of human induced seismic events.

Causes

The main causes include artificial lakes, mining, injection wells, extraction of petroleum, groundwater extraction, enhanced geothermal system, carbon capture and storage, hydraulic fracturing, and underground nuclear weapons testing.

Table

Date Cause Details Mag.
1951 Underground nuclear test Operation Buster–Jangle was a series of seven (six atmospheric, one cratering) nuclear weapons tests conducted by the United States in late 1951 at the Nevada Test Site. This was the first underground nuclear weapons test ever conducted. Unknown
1952 Fracking Results of ongoing multi-year research on induced earthquakes by the United States Geological Survey (USGS) published in 2015 suggested that most of the significant earthquakes in Oklahoma, such as the 1952 magnitude 5.7 El Reno earthquake may have been induced by deep injection of waste water by the oil industry. "Earthquake rates have recently increased markedly in multiple areas of the Central and Eastern United States (CEUS), especially since 2010, and scientific studies have linked the majority of this increased activity to wastewater injection in deep disposal wells."[1] 5.7
1967 December 11 Artificial lake The 1967 Koynanagar earthquake occurred near Koynanagar town in Maharashtra, India on 11 December local time. The magnitude 6.6 shock hit with a maximum Mercalli intensity of VIII (Severe). It occurred near the site of Koyna dam, raising questions about induced seismicity, and claimed at least 177 lives and injured over 2,200. 6.6
1971 November 6 Underground nuclear test Occurred on Amchitka island, Alaska, by the United States Atomic Energy Commission. The experiment, part of the Operation Grommet nuclear test series, tested the warhead design for the LIM-49 Spartan anti-ballistic missile. With an explosive yield of almost 5-megatons TNT equivalent, the test was the largest underground explosion ever detonated. The campaigning environmental organization Greenpeace grew out of efforts to oppose the test. 7.1 title|Body-wave mag.|mb|dotted=no}} [2]
1973 Geothermal power plant Studies have shown that injecting water into The Geysers field produces earthquakes from magnitude 0.5 to 3.0, although a 4.6 occurred in 1973 and magnitude four events increased thereafter.[3] 4.6
2006 October 9 Underground nuclear test 2006 North Korean nuclear test 4.3 title|Body-wave mag.|mb|dotted=no}} [4]
2009 May 25 Underground nuclear test 2009 North Korean nuclear test 4.7 title|Body-wave mag.|mb|dotted=no}} [5]
2011 November 5 Injection wells 2011 Oklahoma earthquake 5.8[6]
2013 February 12 Underground nuclear test 2013 North Korean nuclear test 5.1[7]
2016 January 6 Underground nuclear test January 2016 North Korean nuclear test 5.1[8]
2016 September 9 Underground nuclear test September 2016 North Korean nuclear test 5.3[9]
2017 September 3 Underground nuclear test 2017 North Korean nuclear test 6.3[8]

References

  1. ↑ Hough, Susan E.; Page, Morgan (October 20, 2015). "A Century of Induced Earthquakes in Oklahoma?". U.S. Geological Survey. Retrieved November 8, 2015. Several lines of evidence further suggest that most of the significant earthquakes in Oklahoma during the 20th century may also have been induced by oil production activities. Deep injection of waste water, now recognized to potentially induce earthquakes, in fact began in the state in the 1930s.
  2. ↑ Goldblat, Jozef; Cox, David, eds (1988). Nuclear Weapon Tests: Prohibition or Limitation?. SIPRI Monograph Series. Stockholm International Peace Research Institute. p. 80. ISBN 0198291205. https://books.google.com/books?id=x9s7fSvySsMC&pg=PA80. 
  3. ↑ "Induced Seismicity - Home". http://esd1.lbl.gov/research/projects/induced_seismicity/. 
  4. ↑ "M 4.3 Nuclear Explosion - North Korea". 2014-04-27. https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/usp000eurb#executive. 
  5. ↑ "M 4.7 Nuclear Explosion - North Korea". 2009-05-28. https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/usp000gxgc#executive. 
  6. ↑ "Magnitudes for Oklahoma Earthquakes Shift Upward" (in en). https://www.usgs.gov/news/magnitudes-oklahoma-earthquakes-shift-upward. 
  7. ↑ "M 5.1 Nuclear Explosion - 24km ENE of Sungjibaegam, North Korea". https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/usc000f5t0#summary. 
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 (www.dw.com), Deutsche Welle. "North Korea claims successful hydrogen bomb test | News | DW | 03.09.2017" (in en). http://www.dw.com/en/north-korea-claims-successful-hydrogen-bomb-test/a-40342584. 
  9. ↑ "North Korea claims success in fifth nuclear test" (in en-GB). BBC News. 2016-09-09. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-37314927. 

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