Earth:List of wettest tropical cyclones by country

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This is a list of wettest tropical cyclones by country, using all known available sources. Data is most complete for Australia, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Japan, Hong Kong, Mexico, Taiwan, Micronesia's Yap and Chuuk, and the United States, with fragmentary data available for other countries. The French region of Réunion holds several world records for tropical cyclone and worldwide rainfall, due to the rough topography and its location in the Indian Ocean.[1]

A map of all tropical cyclone tracks, encompassing the period between the years 1985 and 2005.

Below are the records for each country above.

Antigua and Barbuda

Hurricane Earl (2010)

Australia

Cyclone Peter

Christmas Island

Cyclone Gillian

Christmas Island is an Australian territory located in the Indian Ocean located at the summit of a submarine mountain, which rises steeply to a central plateau that is dominated by stands of rainforest.[2] After rainfall and wind observations started on the island during 1972, only 13 tropical cyclones passed within 220 km (135 mi) of the territory between 1972 and 2005.[2]

1 368.2 14.5 Dahlia 2017 Christmas Island Airport [3]
2 220.2 8.67 Paddy 2021 Christmas Island Aero [4]
3 181.0 7.13 Gillian 2014 Christmas Island Airport [5]
4 115.6 4.55 Odette 2021 Christmas Island Airport [6]
5 102.4 4.03 Jacob 2007 Christmas Island Airport [7]
6 65.0 2.56 Cecily 1973 [8]
7 52.8 2.08 Rosie 2008 Christmas Island Airport [9]
8 38 1.50 Norah 1974 [10]
9 17 0.67 Denise 1975 [11]

Cocos Islands

Although Tropical Low 11U in 2013 remained more than 120 km (75 mi) away from the Cocos Islands, wind shear displaced convection westward and over the islands for several days, resulting in record breaking rainfall.[12]

The Cocos (Keeling) Islands are an Australian territory of 27 coral islands that are formed into two large coral atolls and cover an area of around 36 km2 (14 sq mi) of the Indian Ocean to the northwest of Perth, Australia.[2] Rainfall observations started on the islands during 1907, while temperature, wind and other records started in 1952.[2] Between 1952 and 2005 27 tropical cyclones caused storm force wind gusts of over 90 km/h (55 mph) on the islands, while only four caused hurricane-force gusts of over 125 km/h (80 mph).[2]

1 844.6 33.25 11U 2013 Cocos Island Airport [12]
2 298.0 11.73 Pedro 1989 [2]
3 170.0 6.69 Walter 2001 [13]
4 160.0 6.30 Adeline-Juliet 2005 [14]
5 127.0 5.00 Deidre-Dalida 1973 [15]
6 115.0 4.53 Bruce 2013 Cocos Island Airport [16][17]
7 107.6 4.24 Kate 2014 Cocos Island Airport [18][19]
8 89.4 3.52 Norah 1974 [10]
9 66.9 2.63 Annie 1973 [20]
10 56.0 2.20 Anggrek 2010 Cocos Island Airport [21]

Bahamas

Tropical Storm Noel over the Bahamas

Bangladesh

Cyclone Komen approaching Bangladesh on July 29, 2015

Bangladesh has been the scene of the greatest tropical cyclone casualties in recent times. The country is quite flat and generally lies near sea level.

Belize

This country has terrain mainly across its southern sections, with elevations up to about 3,700 feet (1,100 m).[22] The highest reported rainfall in what was formerly British Honduras occurred during Hurricane Keith in 2000 when 32.67 inches (830 mm) of rain fell in a 24‑hour period at Phillip Goodson International Airport in Belize City.[23] Equally heavy rains could have fallen during Hurricane Hattie of 1961 and Hurricane Fifi of 1974.

Hurricane Keith (2000)

Cambodia

Typhoon Linda (1997)

Canada

Extratropical cyclone Harvey near Nova Scotia

Tropical cyclones are usually in transition to extratropical cyclones by the time they reach Atlantic Canada, though occasionally they retain their tropical status. No tropical cyclone has ever hit Canada's Pacific coast.

China

China is a mountainous country, which leads to rapid dissipation of cyclones that move inland as well as significant amounts of rain from those dissipating cyclones. Typhoon Nina (1975) caused the collapse of two huge reservoirs and ten smaller dams when 1,062 millimetres (41.8 in) fell in Henan during a 24‑hour period, which is the record for Mainland China. Typhoon Sam of the 1999 Pacific typhoon season became the wettest known tropical cyclone to impact Hong Kong since records began in 1884, breaking a 73‑year‑old record.[24] Precipitation associated with tropical cyclones and their remains can bring snow to Tibet. An early October 2004 tropical depression brought daily precipitation of 6 centimetres (2.4 in) of liquid equivalent precipitation to Che-Ku county in the form of heavy snow, which was a new October daily precipitation record for both rain and snow. This led to a loss of 340,000 kg of food, 230,000 kg of forage grass, and 263 livestock in the snowstorm.[25]

Mainland

Typhoon In-fa

Hong Kong

Typhoon Sam

Costa Rica

Hurricane Cesar
1 920.0 36.22 Cesar 1996 Alto de Tinamaste [26]
2 624.4 24.58 Eta 2020 Arunachala [27]
3 487.4 19.19 Nate 2017 Maritima [28]
4 466.6 18.37 Mitch 1998 Jaco [29]
5 376.4 14.82 Alma 2008 Quepos [30]
6 331.5 13.05 Gert 1993 Unknown [31]
7 308.0 12.11 Otto 2016 Miravalles Volcano [32]

Cuba

Hurricane Flora of October 1963 drifted across Cuba for four days, leading to extreme rainfall across the mountainous island country. During the heaviest 24‑hour period of rainfall, 735 millimetres (28.9 in) of rain fell at Santiago de Cuba. Total amounts of 2,033 millimetres (80.0 in) over 4 days and 2,550 millimetres (100 in) over 5 days produced staggering loss of life in Cuba, where over 2000 perished.[33]

Hurricane Dennis

Dominica

Erika near Dominica

The islands of the eastern Caribbean are constantly threatened by tropical storms and hurricanes, mainly between August and October. Dominica is a rugged island, with spots of elevation as high as nearly 4,750 feet (1,450 m).[34] As Hurricane Jeanne moved through the region, 422.3 millimetres (16.63 in) of rain fell during the 24‑hour period ending on the morning of September 15, 2004.[35]

Dominican Republic

Noel near Dominican Republic

The Dominican Republic, has some of the highest terrain surrounding the Caribbean Sea, with Pico Duarte peaking at 10,700 feet (3,300 m) above sea level.[36] Most of the tropical cyclone rainfall totals on the list below are 24‑hour maxima, which likely underrepresent the storm total.

El Salvador

Tropical Depression Twelve-E (2011)
1 1513 59.57 Twelve E (2011) Huizucar, La Libertad [37][38][39]
2 1.017 40.03 Amanda 2020 [40]
3 861 33.90 Mitch 1998 [38]
4 766 30.16 Stan 2005 [38]
5 676 26.61 Paul 1982 [38]
6 672 26.46 Agatha 2010 [41]
7 603 23.74 Matthew 2010 [38]
8 275.4 10.84 Eta 2020 Planes de Montecristo [27]

Fiji

Cyclone Wally

Orography from the volcanic islands of Fiji has led to significant rainfall during tropical cyclone passages, which occur roughly once a year.

France

French Polynesia

Cyclone Wasa

Guadeloupe

Hurricane Marilyn moved directly across the island in mid-September 1995,[42] bringing the highest known rainfall totals to the island from a tropical cyclone.

Hurricane Luis

Martinique

Martinique is a mountainous island at the fringe of the eastern Caribbean Sea.

Tropical Storm Dorothy (1970)

New Caledonia

Cyclone Gyan

Réunion Island

Cyclone Hyacinthe.

The mountainous island of Réunion has experienced several of the highest rainfall totals on record from tropical cyclones and holds the rainfall world records for 12, 24, 48, 72 hours, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine and ten days as a result.[43][44][45] The 12 and 24 hourly rainfall records were set at Foc-Foc by Cyclone Denise in 1966, while an Unnamed Tropical Cyclone between April 8–10, 1958 set the record for 48 hours at Aurere. Tropical Cyclone Gamede between February 24–28, 2007 came close to beating the records for 12, 24 and 48 hours before setting the records for three, four, five, six, seven, eight and nine days that were held by Tropical Cyclone Hyacinthe 1980.[44][45] Hyacinthe 1980 currently holds the world records for ten and fifteen days with rainfall totals of 5,678 millimetres (223.5 in) and 6,083 millimetres (239.5 in) respectively recorded at Commerson Crater.[45][46]

1 6,433 253.27 Hyacinthe 1980 Commerson [45]
2 5,512 217.01 Gamede 2007 Commerson [44]
3 2,958 116.46 Diwa 2006 Grand-Ilet [44]
4 2,044 80.472 Batsirai 2022 Commerson [47]
5 1,825 71.85 Denise 1966 Foc-Foc [45]
6 1,360 53.54 Dina 2002 Bellecombe [48]
7 1,196 47.09 Gael 2009 Commerson [49]
8 1,196 47.09 Florine 1981 Foc-Foc [50]
9 1,025 40.35 Bejisa 2013 Cilaos [51]
10 1,000 39.37 Gretelle 1997 Commerson [52]

Saint Martin

Hurricane Lenny
1 866.6 34.12 Lenny 1999 Gendarmerie [53]
2 349.3 13.75 Jose 1999 Point Blanche [54]
3 328.7 12.94 Otto 2010 Charlotte Amalie [55]
4 98.0 3.86 Earl 2010 Grand Case [56]
6 85.1 3.35 Marilyn 1995 [57]

Wallis and Futuna

Cyclone Fran

Guatemala

Tropical Storm Agatha in May 2010 became the second-wettest tropical cyclone in the nation's history when it slowly developed while remaining nearly stationary to the southwest of Guatemala, before turning northeast and dissipating across inland Central America.[58]

Tropical Storm Agatha (2010)
1 600 23.62 Mitch 1998 Central Sierra de las Minas [59]
2 565.6 22.62 Agatha 2010 Mazatenango [60]
3 534.8 21.06 Eta 2020 Cobán [27]
4 299.7 11.8 Amanda 2020 Jutiapa [61]
5 ~250 ~9.84 Stan 2005 [62]
6 ~200 ~7.87 Adrian 2005 [63]
7 184.6 7.27 Francelia 1969 [64]

Haiti

Haiti that makes up three-eighths of Hispaniola,[65][66] is a mountainous country that has experienced some of the most powerful hurricanes on record, including Hurricane David. Its three mountain ranges have peaks as high as 8793 feet/2680 meters above sea level.[67]

Hurricane Flora

Honduras

Hurricane Mitch

Swan Island

Hurricane Alma (1966)
1 362.7 14.28 Alma 1966 [68]
2 228.9 9.01 Debbie 1965 [68]
3 220.0 8.66 Ella 1970 [68]
4 178.6 7.03 Laurie 1969 [68]
5 167.1 6.58 Isbell 1964 [68]
6 105.2 4.14 Beulah 1967 [68]
7 98.8 3.89 Carla 1961 [68]
8 90.7 3.57 Francelia 1969 [68]
9 87.1 3.43 Hattie 1961 [68]
10 80.5 3.17 Fox 1952 [68]

India

Cyclone Nisha

India can be struck by cyclones that form in the Bay of Bengal or the Arabian Sea.

Template:Wettest tropical cyclones in India

Indonesia

Cyclone Cempaka

The precursor tropical disturbance of Tropical Cyclone Inigo in April 2003 dropped heavy rainfall in eastern Indonesia. The rainfall caused flash flooding and mudslides, primarily in Flores but also on West Timor[69] and Sumba.[70] In some locations, the depth of the floodwaters reached 5 metres (16 ft). The Oessao River in West Timor exceeded its banks, which flooded seven villages. In Kupang in West Timor, the system destroyed hundreds of homes and large fields of corn, bean, and rice crop. Heavy damage was reported near Ende, where flooding and mudslides destroyed 20 houses and destroyed the roads connecting to East Flores. The city airport was flooded with one meter (3 ft) of water, preventing aerial transportation and which left the city temporarily isolated. In East Flores Regency in eastern Flores Island, the system left 75 destroyed houses, along with 77 severely damaged and a further 56 receiving light damage.[69]

1 383 15.1 Cempaka 2017 Pacitan, East Java
2 223 8.78 Inigo 2003 Larantuka, Flores [71]
3 193 7.6 Kirrily 2009 Tual, Maluku Province [72]
4 159.7 6.29 Seroja 2021 Kalabahi, Alor Island [73]
5 148 5.8 17U 2019 Yogyakarta

Iran

Cyclone Gonu
1 74 mm 2.91 inches Gonu 2007 Chabahar [74]

Jamaica

Hurricane Michelle

This mountainous island country of Jamaica can get lashed with rainfall by slow-moving tropical cyclones in the western Caribbean Sea. Its interior, the Blue Mountains, reach a height of 7,400 feet (2,300 m) above sea level.[75]

Japan

Typhoon Namtheun approaching Japan on July 30, 2004

The mountainous island archipelago is constantly struck by typhoons recurving out of the tropics, which are normally in extratropical transition as they pass through Japan. Typhoon Namtheun of the 2004 Pacific typhoon season holds the national 24-hour precipitation record with 1,317 millimetres (51.9 in) observed in Kisawa village,[76] surpassing the previous record of 1,140 mm (45 in) set during Typhoon Fran in 1976.[77]

Okinawa

Typhoon Sinlaku near Okinawa on September 12, 2008

Ryukyu Islands

Typhoon Rusa caused 409 millimetres (16.1 in) of rain to fall at Naze on August 29–30, 2002.[78] Typhoon Aere dropped 314.5 millimetres (12.38 in) of rain in the 65‑hour period ending at 1400 UTC on August 25, 2004, at Ishigakihima.[79] Typhoon Agnes in August 1957 dropped 586.2 millimetres (23.08 in) of rainfall on Marcus Island.[68] In 1972, Typhoon Rita dumped 31.87 in (809 mm) on Okinoerabu Shima.[80]

Johnston Atoll

Tropical cyclones occasionally threaten this central Pacific island. Hurricane Celeste of 1972 brought 6.21 inches (158 mm) to the isle around August 19.[81]

Korea

The Korean Peninsula experiences typhoons regularly. Tropical cyclones which impact southern China also lead to, on average, five heavy rainfall events per year across the Korean peninsula.[82]

North Korea

Very heavy rains fell across Tongchon and Kosong counties during Typhoon Rusa in 2002, where up to 510 millimetres (20 in) of precipitation fell in a 5- to 10-hour period.[78]

South Korea

Severe Tropical Storm Nakri
1 >1,500 >59.05 Nakri 2014 Mount Halla, Jeju Island [83]
2 >1,300 >51.18 Chanthu 2021 Mount Halla, Jeju Island [84]
3 1250.5 49.23 Chan-hom 2015 Mount Halla, Jeju Island [85]
4 898.0 35.35 Rusa 2002 Gangneung [86]
5 710.0 28.00 Agnes 1981 [87]
6 660.4 26.00 Gladys 1991 [88]
7 634.0 24.96 Muifa 2011 Eorimok [89]
8 590.0 23.23 Nari 2007 Jeju [90]
9 491.0 19.33 Saomai 2000 [91]
10 374.0 14.72 Meari 2011 Boeun [92]

Madagascar

Cyclone Kesiny

The north end of the island, known as the Tsaratanana Massif region, contains terrain with elevations up to 9417 feet/2880 meters.[93]

Malaysia

Tropical Storm Jelawat/Domeng
1 220 8.66 Jelawat/Domeng 2006 Kampung Bundu [94]

Mauritius

Cyclone Dina (2002)
1 745.2 29.34 Dina 2002 Pierrefonds [95]
2 711 27.99 Hollanda 1994 Mare-aux-Vacoas
3 227 8.937 Davina 1999 Arnaud [96]
3 202.8 7.98 Hennie 2005 Sans-Souci
4 192.8 7.59 Dumile 2013 Arnaud [97]
5 58.8 2.31 Crystal 2002 Providence [98]

Marshall Islands

Tropical Storm Bavi
1 271 10.65 Bavi 2015 Kwajalein Atoll [99]

Mexico

Main page: Earth:Mexico tropical cyclone rainfall climatology

Hurricane Wilma of 2005 drifted over the northeast portion of the Yucatán peninsula for a couple of days, dropping significant rains. A report of 1,576 millimetres (62.0 in) was reported by the Servicio Meteorológico Nacional in Mexico,[100] which is the wettest known 24-hour rainfall amount ever measured in Mexico. Second on the list is from Tropical Storm Frances in 1998, which accumulated up to 1,019 millimetres (40.1 in) of rain at Independencia in southern Chiapas.[101] Below is a list of the highest known storm total rainfall amounts from individual tropical cyclones across Mexico. Most of the rainfall information was provided by the Mexico's National Weather Service, Servicio Meteorológico Nacional, which is a part of the National Water Commission, Comisión Nacional del Agua.

Hurricane Wilma

Federated States of Micronesia

Chuuk

Elevations of the islands surrounding Chuuk lagoon reach a height of about 1,450 feet (440 m).[102] Typhoon Chataan led to excessive rainfall on this island from June 23 – July 3, 2002, when a total of 939 mm (37.0 in) fell. During the time frame when Chataan was declared a tropical cyclone from July 1–3, 622 mm (24.5 in) fell, with 506 mm (19.9 in) falling on the 2nd alone at the international airport.[103]

Typhoon Chataan

Kosrae

1 509.3 20.05 Faxai 2001 Kosrae [68]
2 434.1 17.09 Phanfone 2002 Kosrae [68]

Pohnpei State

The state is mountainous island lies in the tropical northwest Pacific Ocean.

Tropical Storm Dolphin intensifying on May 10, 2015
1 603 23.74 Dolphin 2015 Pohnpei
2 247 9.72 Axel 1992 [104]
3 118 4.65 Haishen 2015 Pohnpei [105]

Yap State

The wettest known tropical cyclone for the state was Ruby in 1982, which drifted in the island's vicinity for several days during its initial development phase.[106]

Typhoon Ruby (1982)

Mozambique

Cyclone Freddy

The elevation of the country increases to the west, with mountains on its highest plateau reaching nearly 8,000 feet (2,400 m).[107]

1 672 26.46 Freddy 2023 Marromeu [108]
2 600 24 Idai 2019 Chimoio
3 502 19.76 Eline 2000 Levubu [109]
4 281 11.06 Delfina 2003 [98]
5 200 7.87 Jokwe 2008 Nampula [110]
6 190 7.50 Japhet 2003 [111]

Myanmar

Cyclone Nargis near landfall
1 600 23.62 Nargis 2008 [112]
2 343.9 13.54 T.D. No. 2 2007 [113]
3 300 11.81 Komen 2015 [114]

Nepal

Some of the highest elevations on the planet lie in Nepal. Eight out of fourteen highest peaks in the world lie in the Nepalese Himalaya including the highest peak of the World, Mt. Everest (8848 m).[115] During a tropical depression that affected the Indian Subcontinent in 2004, 51.3 millimetres (2.02 in) of rain fell at Kathmandu airport in the 24‑hour period ending at 1200 UTC on October 7.[25]

Netherlands Antilles

Saba

1 286.3 mm 11.27 inches Alice (1954) [116]

St. Eustatius

1 203.2 mm 8.00 inches Alice (1954) [116]

Saint Martin/Sint Maarten

This hilly island is partially owned by France and partially claimed by the Netherlands.

Hurricane Lenny

Template:Wettest tropical cyclones on Saint Martin/Sint Maarten

New Zealand

Cyclone Bola (1988)

Most tropical cyclones which pass near New Zealand are in extratropical transition (ET) or have become extratropical, which can enhance their heavy rainfall threat.

1 970 38.19 Hilda 1990 North Egmont Visitor Centre [117]
2 917 36.10 Bola 1988 Glenross station [118]
3 762 30.00 Rewa 1994 Collier Creek [119]
4 488 19.21 Gabrielle 2023 Hikuwai River [120]
5 425 16.73 Fergus 1996 The Pinnacles [121][122]
6 415 16.34 Delilah 1989 Puhipuhi [123]
7 321 12.64 Dinah 1967 Mangahoe [124]
8 311 12.24 Beti 1996 The Pinnacles [125]
9 306 12.05 Giselle 1968 Leatham [126]
10 290 11.42 Ivy 2004 The Pinnacles [127]

Nicaragua

Hurricane Mitch

Niue

Cyclone Heta

During the passage of Tropical Cyclone Heta in January 2004, the Niue Meteorological Station reported a record 24-hour rainfall of 999.2 millimetres (39.34 in).[128]

1 999.2 mm 39.34 in Heta 2004 Niue Meteorological Station [128]
2 107.5 mm 4.23 in 01F 2014-15 [129]
3 101.8 mm 4.01 in Winston 2016 [129]
4 77.6 mm 3.06 in Tino 2015 [129]
5 28.4 mm 1.12 in Ula 2015 [129]
6 23.9 mm 0.94 in Victor 2016 [129]

Oman

Cyclone Mekunu
1 617.0 24.29 Mekunu 2018 Salalah [130]
2 610.0 24.02 Gonu 2007 [131]
3 488.0 19.21 Phet 2010 JabalHilm
4 482.4 18.99 Masirah Cyclone 1977 Salalah [132]
5 300.2 11.82 T.S. 02A (1996) Dhofar [133]
6 285.5 11.24 Muscat Cyclone 1890 Muscat [132]
7 251.0 9.88 Oman Cyclone 2002 Qairoon [134]
8 250.0 9.84 Ashobaa 2015 Masirah Island [135]
9 230.0 9.06 Salalah Cyclone 1963 Salalah [132]
10 82.0 3.23 Salalah Cyclone 1959 Salalah [132]

Pakistan

Cyclone Phet, a cyclone making landfall in Pakistan in June 2010 as a deep depression

Tropical cyclones for the Arabian Sea usually affect Pakistan. Tropical cyclones from the Bay of Bengal can affect Pakistan, though they usually weaken by the time they reach the Pakistani coastline.[136]

1 370 14.57 Phet (2010) Gwadar [137]
2 285 11.22 Cyclone (1999) Keti Bandar [138]
3 245 9.64 BOB 03 (2009) Karachi [139][140][141]
4 191 7.51 BOB 06 (2007) Karachi [142][143][144]
5 145 5.71 Onil (2004) Thatta [145]
6 110 3.94 Yemyin (2007) Karachi
7 43 1.69 BOB 04 (2007) Karachi [146][147]
8 18 0.70 BOB 03 (2009) Karachi [148]

Palau

Typhoon Mike

Palau consists of a string of islands that is rugged and surrounds a lagoon. Elevations up to 2,060 feet (630 m) exist within the island group.[149]

1 470.9 18.54 Marie 1976 Koror [150]
2 293.1 11.54 Nathan 1993 Nekken Forestry [68]
3 281.4 11.08 Ruby 1982 Koror [68]
5 121.7 4.79 Dianmu 2004 Koror [151]
6 84.3 3.32 Bopha 2012 Koror [152]
7 47.8 1.88 Ewiniar 2006 Koror [153]

Panama

Inflow to the south of Hurricane Mitch brought impressive rainfalls to the Panama. Veledero de Tole recorded 695 millimetres (27.4 in) of rainfall between October 22 and 31, 1998.

Philippines

Typhoon Parma/Pepeng

This Philippines island archipelago is fairly mountainous, with the highest terrain found in Luzon.

Samoa

Cyclone Tuni
1 508.2 20.01 Tuni, 2015 Afimalu [154]
2 470.5 18.52 Ula, 2016 Afimalu [154]
3 404.0 15.91 Evan, 2012 Alaoa, Upolu [155]
4 382.4 15.06 Amos, 2016 Afimalu [154]
5 320.0 12.60 Gita, 2018 Le-Pue [156]
6 190.0 7.48 01F 2014 Salani [154]
7 171.8 6.76 05F 2014 Salani [154]
8 170.6 6.72 08F, 2015 Letui [154]
9 169.5 6.67 19F, 2017 Lepiu [156]
10 138.4 5.45 09F, 2017 Afimalu [156]

Singapore

Typhoon Vamei of December 20, 2001 was the only known storm to ever hit the island state. It dropped 165.1 millimetres (6.50 in) of rainfall.

Solomon Islands

Cyclone Ita
1 >2100 >82.68 Namu 1986 Mount Popomanaseu, Guadalcanal [157]
2 >1000 >39.37 Ita 2014 Gold Ridge mine [158]
3 495 19.49 Pam 2015 Lata, Santa Cruz Island [159]
4 305 12.01 Angela 1966 Guadalcanal [160]
5 282 11.10 Raquel 2015 Munda, Western Province [161]

South Africa

Tropical Cyclone Eline in February 2000 dropped significant rains on portions of South Africa. The highest amount noted was 480 mm (19 in) at Thohoyandou.[162]

Spain

The only tropical cyclone to reach mainland Europe was 2005's Hurricane Vince. It dropped 3.3 inches (84 mm) of rain on the plain near Cordoba.[163]

Sri Lanka

A tropical depression in early October 2004 led to heavy rains across Sri Lanka. The maximum was measured at Galle where 117.2 mm (4.61 in) fell in the 24‑hour period ending at 0600 UTC on the 2nd.[25]

St. Brandon, South Indian Ocean

Tropical Cyclone Darius of New Year's Eve/Day of 2003/2004 passed about 45 miles (72 km) west-northwest of the island. Rainfall over the 24‑hour period of closest approach was 135 mm (5.3 in).[164]

St. Kitts and Nevis

1 153.7 6.05 Alice (1954) [116]

Taiwan

The mountainous island of Taiwan experiences an average of 1.8 tropical cyclone landfalls each year.[citation needed] Due to its rugged topography, Taiwan sees extreme rains from tropical cyclones, particularly in its central mountain range.

Typhoon Morakot

Thailand

Typhoon Zeke (1991)

Tropical cyclones occasionally cross the Malay Peninsula from the northwest Pacific into the Bay of Bengal.

1 493.8 19.44 Zeke 1991 Khlong Yai [68]
2 470.0 18.50 Tilda 1964 At Somat [165]
3 342.0 13.46 Vae 1952 Chantaburi [165]
4 328.7 12.94 Ira 1990 Lop Buri [68]
5 322.6 12.70 Ed 1990 Takua Pa [68]
6 279.5 11.00 18W (2013) Muang district [166]
7 273.6 10.77 Fred 1991 Khon Kaen [68]
8 257.3 10.13 Brian 1989 Takua Pa [68]
9 251.5 9.902 Muifa 2004 Prachaup Khirikhan [167]
10 239.5 9.429 Nell 1990 Ko Samui [68]

Tonga

Cyclone Waka (2001)
1 200.0 7.87 Waka 2001
2 167.0 6.57 Unnamed 1949 Nuku'alofa [168]
3 153.0 6.02 Lin 2009 Niuafo'ou [169]
4 152.2 6.00 Mick 2009 Fua'amotu
5 149.0 5.87 Rene 2010 Fua'amotu
6 120.0 4.72 Isaac 1982 Nuku'alofa [170]
7 120.0 4.72 Jasmine 2012 Tongatapu [171]
8 97.7 3.85 Vaianu 2006 Fuaʻamotu [172]
9 44.8 1.76 Cyril 2012 Vava'u [173]
10 37.5 1.48 Wilma 2011 Fua'amotu [174]

United Kingdom

Mainland

Hurricane Bertha (2014)

Anguilla

Hurricane Jose (1999)
1 490.0 19.29 Lenny 1999 [175]
2 380.0 14.96 Jose 1999 [175]
3 250.0 9.84 Klaus 1990 [175]
4 171.5 6.75 Alice 1954 [116]

Bermuda

Bermuda has not historically received overwhelming rains out of tropical cyclones. This could be because of the rapid pace storms usually pass the island and the lack of mountains on the island.

Hurricane Nicole (2016)

Cayman Islands

Tropical Storm Alberto

United States

Hurricane Harvey (2017)
1 1538.7 60.58 Harvey 2017 Nederland, Texas [68]
2 1321 52.02 Lane 2018 Mountainview, Hawaii [176][177]
3 1321 52.00 Hiki 1950 Kanalohuluhulu Ranger Station, Hawaii [178]
4 1219 48.00 Amelia 1978 Medina, Texas [68]
5 1148 45.20 Easy 1950 Yankeetown, Florida [68]
6 1143 45.00 Claudette 1979 Alvin, Texas [68]
7 1096 43.15 Imelda 2019 Jefferson County, Texas [179]
8 1058.7 41.68 T. D. #15 1970 Jayuya, Puerto Rico [68]
9 1033 40.68 Allison 2001 Northwest Jefferson County, Texas [68]
10 985 38.76 Paul 2000 Kapapala Ranch 36, Hawaii [180]

Vanuatu

Cyclone Vania (2011)
1 847.6 33.37 Bola 1988 Lamap [181]
2 545.0 21.46 Dani 1999 Bauerfield Airport [182]
3 369.1 14.53 Vania 2011 Aneityum [183]
4 270.0 10.63 Eric 1985 Surukavian, Pentecost [184]
5 266.6 10.50 Sarah 1994 Santo-Pekoa International Airport [185]
6 254.4 10.02 Ivy 2004 Bauerfield Airport [186]
7 247.6 9.748 Anne 1988 Santo-Pekoa International Airport [185]
8 246.6 9.709 Nigel 1985 Santo-Pekoa International Airport [185]
9 223.7 8.807 Zuman 1998 Santo-Pekoa International Airport [185]
10 219.3 8.634 Esau 1992 Santo-Pekoa International Airport [185]

Venezuela

A few tropical cyclones have skimmed the northern coast of South America over recent decades. Tropical Storm Bret (1993) dropped 339 millimetres (13.3 in) of rain in ten hours at Guanare, Portuguesa, Venezuela.[187]

Vietnam

Flooding in Hue, Vietnam triggered by Typhoon Ketsana in 2009

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Archived copy". http://www.imd.gov.in/doc/988_en-2.final.pdf. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 "Tropical Cyclones Affecting the Cocos Islands and Christmas Island". Australian Bureau of Meteorology's Perth Tropical Cyclone Warning Centre. http://www.bom.gov.au/cyclone/history/wa/cocos.shtml. 
  3. ↑ Tropical Cyclone Dahlia (Report). Australian Bureau of Meteorology. http://www.bom.gov.au/announcements/sevwx/wa/watc20171125.shtml. Retrieved December 11, 2017. 
  4. ↑ "Daily Rainfall at Christmas Island Aero (Updated at 20 November 2021)". Melbourne, Victoria: Bureau of Meteorology. http://www.bom.gov.au/tmp/cdio/IDCJAC0009_200790_2021.pdf. 
  5. ↑ Severe Tropical Cyclone Gillian (Report). Australian Bureau of Meteorology. http://www.bom.gov.au/announcements/sevwx/wa/watc20140306.shtml. Retrieved August 3, 2014. 
  6. ↑ Conroy, Adam (4 May 2023). Tropical Cyclone Odette (Report). Australian Bureau of Meteorology. http://www.bom.gov.au/cyclone/history/pdf/Odette_2021_report.pdf. Retrieved 22 May 2023. 
  7. ↑ Padgett, Gary. "Monthly Global Tropical Cyclone Summary: March 2007". http://www.typhoon2000.ph/garyp_mgtcs/mar07sum.txt. 
  8. ↑ Tropical Cyclone Cecily December 11–19, 1973 (Report). Australian Bureau of Meteorology. p. 2. http://www.bom.gov.au/cyclone/history/pdf/cecily.pdf. Retrieved August 10, 2014. 
  9. ↑ Courtney, Joe (August 28, 2008). Tropical Cyclone Rosie, April 20–24, 2008 (Report). Australian Bureau of Meteorology's Perth Tropical Cyclone Warning Centre. http://www.bom.gov.au/cyclone/history/pdf/rosie.pdf. Retrieved April 9, 2014. 
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Tropical Cyclone Norah October 28 – November 4, 1974 (Report). Australian Bureau of Meteorology. November 19, 2010. p. 2. http://www.bom.gov.au/cyclone/history/pdf/norah.pdf. Retrieved December 3, 2015. 
  11. ↑ Tropical Cyclone Denise: May 19 – 25, 1975 (Report). Australian Bureau of Meteorology. November 19, 2010. p. 2. http://www.bom.gov.au/cyclone/history/pdf/denise.pdf. Retrieved December 3, 2015. 
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 "Tropical Low 11U". Australian Bureau of Meteorology's Western Australian Regional Office. March 2013. http://www.bom.gov.au/announcements/sevwx/wa/cocos_island_tropical_low.pdf. 
  13. ↑ Perth Tropical Cyclone Warning Centre (June 12, 2009). Severe Tropical Cyclone Walter April 1 – 8, 2001 (Individual Cyclone Reports). Australian Bureau of Meteorology. pp. 1–2. http://www.bom.gov.au/cyclone/history/pdf/walter.pdf. Retrieved July 22, 2012. 
  14. ↑ Severe Tropical Cyclone Tropical Cyclone Adeline 1 – 5 April 2005 (Report). Australian Bureau of Meteorology's Perth Tropical Cyclone Warning Centre. November 19, 2010. pp. 1–2. http://www.bom.gov.au/cyclone/history/pdf/adeline.pdf. Retrieved August 3, 2014. 
  15. ↑ Tropical Cyclone Deidre 20 – 25 December 1973 (Report). Australian Bureau of Meteorology. p. 2. http://www.bom.gov.au/cyclone/history/pdf/deidre.pdf. Retrieved August 10, 2014. 
  16. ↑ Western Australian Regional Office (2013). Severe Tropical Cyclone Bruce (Report). Australian Bureau of Meteorology. http://www.bom.gov.au/announcements/sevwx/wa/watc20131216.shtml. Retrieved January 11, 2015. 
  17. ↑ "Cocos Island: December 2013 Daily Weather Observations". Australian Bureau of Meteorology. January 1, 2014. http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/dwo/201312/html/IDCJDW6027.201312.shtml. 
  18. ↑ Western Australian Regional Office (January 1, 2015). Severe Tropical Cyclone Kate (Report). Australian Bureau of Meteorology. http://www.bom.gov.au/announcements/sevwx/wa/watc20141221.shtml. Retrieved January 1, 2015. 
  19. ↑ "Cocos Island: December 2014 Daily Weather Observations". Australian Bureau of Meteorology. January 1, 2015. http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/dwo/201412/html/IDCJDW6027.201412.shtml. 
  20. ↑ Tropical Cyclone Annie November 21, 1973 to December 8, 1973 (Report). Australian Bureau of Meteorology's Perth Tropical Cyclone Warning Centre. August 13, 2009. p. 2. http://www.bom.gov.au/cyclone/history/pdf/annie.pdf. Retrieved August 10, 2014. 
  21. ↑ Tropical Cyclone Anggrek (Report). Australian Bureau of Meteorology's Western Australian Regional Office. 2010. p. 2. http://www.bom.gov.au/announcements/sevwx/wa/watc20101031.shtml. Retrieved August 10, 2014. 
  22. ↑ Biological-Diversity.info. Biological Diversity in Belize. Retrieved on February 19, 2007.
  23. ↑ Beven II, John L (January 29, 2001). Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Keith: September 28 - October 6, 2000. National Hurricane Center (Technical report). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from the original on January 16, 2013. Retrieved July 29, 2014.
  24. ↑ Hong Kong Observatory. Weather Cases: Typhoon Sam Retrieved on June 23, 2007.
  25. ↑ 25.0 25.1 25.2 Padgett, Gary; Kevin Boyle (2005-05-17). "Monthly Global Tropical Cyclone Summary October 2004". http://australiasevereweather.com/cyclones/2005/summ0410.htm. 
  26. ↑ MSc. Gulliermo Vega G. (June 3, 2004). "Conferencia 1. Aspectos Hidrometeorologicos del Huracan Cesar". p. 43. http://www.crid.or.cr/cd/CD_CNE/pdf/spa/doc474/doc474-c.pdf. 
  27. ↑ 27.0 27.1 27.2 Richard J. Pasch and David P. Roberts (2021-06-09). Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Eta - 31 October-13 November 2020. National Hurricane Center Retrieved on June 12, 2021.
  28. ↑ John L. Beven II and Robbie Berg (April 5, 2018). Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Nate (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL162017_Nate.pdf. Retrieved April 12, 2018. 
  29. ↑ Naciones Unidas a Centroamérica (March 16, 1999). "Costa Rica: Evaluación de los Daños Ocasionados por el Huracán Mitch, 1998: Sus implicaciones para el desarrollo económico y social y el medio ambiente". United Nations. p. 10. 
  30. ↑ Daniel P. Brown. Tropical Cyclone Report: Tropical Storm Alma. Retrieved on November 29, 2008.
  31. ↑ Fallas, Jorge; Valverde, Carmen (2005). "Evidence-based Policy for Integrated Control of Forested River Catchments in Extreme Rainfall and Snowmelt". Epic-Force. p. 5. http://www.ceg.ncl.ac.uk/epicforce/assets/D15.pdf. [yes|permanent dead link|dead link}}]
  32. ↑ Brown, Daniel (2017). "Hurricane Otto". NHC. p. 4. http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL162016_Otto.pdf. 
  33. ↑ Instituto Nacional de Recursos Hidráulicos (2012). "Lluvias intensas observadas y grandes inundaciones reportadas" (in es). http://www.hidro.cu/hidrologia1.htm. 
  34. ↑ WorldAtlas.com. Dominica. Retrieved on February 19, 2007.
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  36. ↑ Dominican Republic Page. Dominican Republic Geography. Retrieved on February 19, 2007.
  37. ↑ "Archived copy". http://www.marn.gob.sv/descarga/resumen-regional-del-impacto-de-la-depresion-tropical-12-e-en-centroamerica-en-octubre-de-2011/?wpdmdl=16092&ind=X0fHyu8gwLLJ0DtMCJFgb-Ku7_Aa37Gya4VG3k9dfn8KWmP1X-wXl5bjym2LTQQUWvh1R-3V_eN0nV0DBqc4JLrFvh2dzoXO-o2LdlefuT-ioJuzXVTobQJF58-ozAhl. 
  38. ↑ 38.0 38.1 38.2 38.3 38.4 "MARN - Depresión Tropical 12 e rompe récord histórico de lluvia acumulada". http://www.snet.gob.sv/ver/comunicacion+social/noticias+y+temas+de+interes/noticias/ano+2011/depresion+tropical+12+e+rompe+record+historico+de+lluvia+acumulada/. 
  39. ↑ http://mapas.snet.gob.sv/meteorologia/12E_octubre2011.pdf [bare URL PDF]
  40. ↑ WFP El Salvador Situation Report #2 - Tropical Storm Amanda (17 June 2020) (Report). Reliefweb. June 17, 2020. https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/WFP%20El%20Salvador%20Situation%20Report%20%232%20Tropical%20Storm%20Amanda%20June%202020.pdf. Retrieved August 24, 2020. 
  41. ↑ Staff Writer (May 30, 2010). "Agatha tocó tierra, pero las lluvias siguen hoy" (in es). El Salvador.com. http://www.elsalvador.com/mwedh/nota/nota_completa.asp?idCat=6364&idArt=4834035. 
  42. ↑ National Hurricane Center (1996). Hurricane Marilyn Preliminary Report (Report). National Hurricane Center. http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/1995marilyn.html. Retrieved February 14, 2007. 
  43. ↑ Lyons, Steve (February 17, 2010). "La Reunion Island's Rainfall Dynasty!". The Weather Channel. http://www.weather.com/blog/weather/8_21280.html. 
  44. ↑ 44.0 44.1 44.2 44.3 Quetelard, Hubert; Bessemoulin, Pierre; Cerveny, Randall S; Peterson, Thomas C; Burton, Andrew; Boodhoo, Yadowsun (2009). "Extreme Weather: World-Record Rainfalls During Tropical Cyclone Gamede". Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society (American Meteorological Society) 90 (5): 603–608. doi:10.1175/2008BAMS2660.1. Bibcode: 2009BAMS...90..603Q. 
  45. ↑ 45.0 45.1 45.2 45.3 45.4 Landsea, Christopher W; Hurricane Research Division (March 12, 2007). "Subject: E4) What are the largest rainfalls associated with tropical cyclones?". Tropical Cyclone Frequently Asked Questions. http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/tcfaq/E4.html. Retrieved April 12, 2013. 
  46. ↑ Précipitations extrêmes (Report). Meteo France. http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/meteoreunion2/climatologie/records/rec_RR1.html. Retrieved April 15, 2013. 
  47. ↑ "Actualité du mois Influence du Cyclone Tropical Intense BATSIRAI à La Réunion (du 1er au 5 février 2022)". Meteo France La Reunion. http://www.meteofrance.re/documents/3714872/4386426/Actu_Retour_sur_Batsirai.pdf. 
  48. ↑ Padgett, Gary (December 27, 2006). "Monthly Global Tropical Cyclone Summary January 2002". Australian Severe Weather Index. Jimmy Deguara. http://australiasevereweather.com/cyclones/2002/summ0201.htm. 
  49. ↑ "COMMUNIQUE". February 21, 2009. http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/Evenement_du_mois/AccueilEvenement.html. 
  50. ↑ "Tropical Cyclone Florine 4–10 January". National Climatic Data Center. Global tropical/extratropical cyclone climatic atlas. 1996. http://webapp1.dlib.indiana.edu/virtual_disk_library/index.cgi/4274123/FID218/DATA/TROPIC/SWI_NAR/1981_1.NAR. Retrieved November 20, 2016. 
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  52. ↑ Dominique MEKIES. Ingénieur des travaux de la météorologie. "WEBCMRS METEO-FRANCE / SAISONS CYLONIQUES". http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/archives/publications/saisons_cycloniques/index19961997.html. 
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  54. ↑ Pasch, Richard J; National Hurricane Center (November 22, 1999). Hurricane Jose: October 17 – 25, 1999 (Preliminary Report). United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service. http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/1999jose.html. Retrieved December 7, 2012. 
  55. ↑ Cangialosi, John P; National Hurricane Center (November 17, 2010). Hurricane Otto October 6–10 (Tropical Cyclone Report). United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service. pp. 6–7. http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL172010_Otto.pdf. Retrieved December 7, 2012. 
  56. ↑ "Passage De L'ouragan Earl sur la Guadeloupe et Les Iles du north es 29 et 30 août 2010" (in fr). Météo-France. November 5, 2010. p. 5. http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/antilles/pack-public/cyclone/saison2010/earl_%20gd_idn.pdf. 
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