Earth:SCICEX
SCICEX, standing for Scientific Ice Expeditions, was a five-year (1995–1999) scientific research program involving a collaboration between the U.S. Navy and academic researchers from a variety of different universities. The object of study was geophysical and oceanological conditions in the Arctic Ocean. The Navy made available a nuclear submarine for each research cruise.
Margo Edwards was the chief scientist for the 1999 expedition[1] and spent thirteen days on the USS Hawkbill, thereby becoming the first women to live aboard a Navy nuclear submarine during under-ice operations.[2] Edwards' research found evidence of climate change in the Arctic, including thinning sea ice,[3] volcanoes on the seafloor,[4] and warm water moving into the Arctic from the Atlantic Ocean.[2] These data are available for anyone to view.[5]
List of Expeditions
- SCICEX/93 · USS Pargo
- SCICEX/95 · USS Cavalla
- SCICEX/96 · USS Pogy
- SCICEX/97 · USS Archerfish
- SCICEX/98 · USS Hawkbill
- SCICEX/99 · USS Hawkbill
External links
- SCICEX web site
- 2004 article on the SCICEX program in Arctic Research of the United States magazine
- SCICEX/96 photo gallery on the USS Pogy web site
- SCICEX/98 Navy Mission Report
- SCICEX Phase 2 Memorandum of Agreement[yes|permanent dead link|dead link}}] from 2000 on the Arctic Submarine Laboratory web site
- SCICEX/99 page at the USS Hawkbill web site
- SCICEX/99 page at the University of Alaska Fairbanks Institute of Marine Science
- CNN documentary on SCICEX/99
- Article on SCICEX/99 in Undersea Warfare magazine
- USS Pogy Alumni Site
References
- ↑ "SCICEX-99". 2011-05-22. http://www.navy.mil/navydata/cno/n87/usw/issue_4/scicex_99.html.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Colwell, Rita R. (2020). A lab of one's own : one woman's personal journey through sexism in science. New York. pp. 111–113. ISBN 9781797108902.
- ↑ Polyak, Leonid; Edwards, Margo H.; Coakley, Bernard J.; Jakobsson, Martin (2001). "Ice shelves in the Pleistocene Arctic Ocean inferred from glaciogenic deep-sea bedforms" (in en). Nature 410 (6827): 453–457. doi:10.1038/35068536. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 11260709. Bibcode: 2001Natur.410..453P. http://www.nature.com/articles/35068536.
- ↑ Cochran, James R.; Kurras, Gregory J.; Edwards, Margo H.; Coakley, Bernard J. (2003). "The Gakkel Ridge: Bathymetry, gravity anomalies, and crustal accretion at extremely slow spreading rates" (in en). Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 108 (B2): 2116. doi:10.1029/2002JB001830. ISSN 2156-2202. Bibcode: 2003JGRB..108.2116C. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/2002JB001830.
- ↑ Edwards, M.H.; Johnson, P.D.; Appelgate, T.B.; Kurras, G.J. (2001). "On-line access to new Arctic bathymetry and sidescan data". MTS/IEEE Oceans 2001. An Ocean Odyssey. Conference Proceedings (IEEE Cat. No.01CH37295). 3. pp. 1492–1495 vol.3. doi:10.1109/OCEANS.2001.968054. ISBN 0-933957-28-9. https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/968054.
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