Engineering:105×617mm

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Short description: Common type of artillery and tank gun calibre
105×617R
Panzermuseum Munster 2010 0627.JPG
Cross-sectioned 105mm APFSDS round.
Typetank gun
Place of originUnited Kingdom
Service history
In service1959–present
Used byWestern Bloc and Third World.
Production history
DesignerRARDE Fort Halstead
Designedearly 1950s
Specifications
Bullet diameter105 mm (4.1 in)
Shoulder diameter129 mm (5.1 in)
Base diameter137 mm (5.4 in)
Rim diameter147 mm (5.8 in)
Overall length617 mm (24.3 in)

The 105×617mm (4.1 inch) also known as 105 × 617 R is a common, NATO-standard, tank gun cartridge used in 105mm guns such as those derived from the Royal Ordnance L7.

The 105 × 617 R cartridge was originally developed from the 84 mm (3.3 in) calibre Ordnance QF 20-pounder 84 × 618R cartridge as part of the development of the L7 105 mm rifled gun.

105 mm ammunition

Armour-Piercing Discarding Sabot (APDS)

Ammunition Origin Year Penetrator material Muzzle velocity Sub-projectile weight without sabot / with sabot Perforation at normal and oblique incidences Notes
L22  UK 1950s Tungsten carbide
L28  UK 1959 tungsten carbide core and tungsten alloy cap 1478 m/s 4.1 kg / 5.8 kg 120 mm @ 60° at 914 m[1] Produced under licence by Germany as DM13, used in the Swedish Army as 60 mm Slpprj m/61 and in the Swiss Army as 10,5 Pz Kan 60/61 Pz Ke G Lsp.
L36  UK 1961 tungsten carbide core and tungsten alloy cap 1478 m/s 4.1 kg / 5.8 kg 120 mm @ 60° at 914 m[2] British dsignation of the M392 APDS manufactured in the UK for the US Army, it features a safer primer.
Slpprj m/62  Sweden 1962 tungsten carbide (core) 1450 m/s 4.5 kg / 6.3 kg 200 mm @ 30° at 1500 m, 140 mm @ 55° at 700 m[3] Swedish-developed APDS round with a 57 mm sub-caliber projectile
L52  UK 1965 or 1966 tungsten alloy (core) and tungsten alloy (tilt cap) 1426 m/s 4.7 kg / 6.4 kg 120 mm @ 60° at 1830 m[4] Produced under licence by US as M728 and used in the Swedish Army as 61 mm Slpprj m/66

Armour-Piercing Fin-Stabilized Discarding sabot (APFSDS)

Ammunition Origin Designer & producer Year Penetrator material Muzzle velocity Sub-projectile weight without sabot / with sabot Perforation at normal and oblique incidences Notes
M735  USA 1978 tungsten alloy 1501 m/s 3.7 kg / 5.83 kg First serial-made APFSDS of the Western Bloc
M735A1  USA Primex Technologies 1979 depleted uranium Never fielded by the U.S. military
M774  USA Primex Technologies 1980[5] depleted Uranium 1508 m/s / 5.775 kg
M833  USA Primex Technologies 1983 depleted uranium 1493 m/s / 6.197 kg
M900  USA Primex Technologies 1989 depleted uranium 1505 m/s / 6.86 kg Designed for the M68A1 and M68A1E4 guns.
FP105  USA General Defense Corporation 1980s tungsten alloy 1508 m/s 3.6 kg / 5.8 kg Similar design to the M774, also known as C76A1 in Canada
CMC 105  USA Chamberlain Manufacturing Corporation early 1990s tungsten alloy 1501 m/s 3.56 kg / 5.8 kg NATO Heavy Single target at 4000 m and Heavy Triple at 5700 m or 178 mm at 67° obliquity at range about 2600 m[6] The latest private venture 105 mm APFSDS-T to be developed by the Chamberlain Manufacturing Corporation.
M111 Hetz-6  Israel IMI 1978 tungsten alloy 1455 m/s 4.2 kg / 6.3 kg NATO Single heavy target at 2000 m or 150 mm at 60° obliquity at 2000 m[7] Produced under licence by Diehl in Germany and in Switzerland. Known as DM23 in the Bundeswehr, Pfeil Pat Lsp in the Swiss Army and 33 mm Slpprj m/80 in the Swedish Army
M413 Hetz-7  Israel IMI 1980s tungsten alloy 1450 m/s or 1455 m/s / 6.3 kg NATO Single Heavy target at 6000 m Produced under licence by Diehl in Germany as DM33
M426  Israel IMI tungsten alloy 1433 m/s / 6.6 kg Produced under licence by Diehl in Germany as DM63 and used by the Swedish Army as the Slpprj m/90C
CL3108  Israel IMI c. 1987 tungsten alloy Exhibited relatively equal performance to the M833[8] Also known as FS Mk. 2 Improved or M429
M428 SWORD  Israel IMI 2010s tungsten alloy 1505 m/s
OFL 105 F1  France GIAT 1981 tungsten alloy 1495 m/s[lower-roman 1] 3.8 kg / 5.8 kg 392 mm at point-blank range, 370 mm at 1000 m,[9][lower-roman 2] NATO Single heavy target at 4400 m[lower-roman 3] Fitted with small bearing balls inside its hollow ballistic cap for improved beyond-armour effects.
OFL 105 G2  France GIAT c. 1987 tungsten-nickel-iron alloy 1490 m/s[lower-roman 4] 4.2 kg / 6.2 kg 487 mm at point-blank range, NATO Single heavy target at 6200 m[lower-roman 5][10] The OFL 105 G2 uses a high energetic Swiss-made Vimmis double base propellant
OFL 105 G3  France GIAT c. 1987 tungsten-nickel-iron alloy 1460 m/s[lower-roman 6] 4.2 kg / 6.2 kg 469 mm at point-blank range, NATO Single heavy target at 5600 m[lower-roman 7][11] cheaper variant (15%) of the OFL 105 G2 employing the standard SNPE poudre B propellant
OFL 105 F2  France Giat Industries 1995 depleted uranium / 6.25 kg 520 mm at 2000 m[12] OFL 105 G2 variant with a DU penetrator
L64A4  UK Royal Ordnance Factories 1982 tungsten alloy 1485 m/s 3.8 kg / 6.12 kg NATO Single heavy target at 4200 m
H6/62  UK Royal Ordnance Factories late 1980s/early 1990s tungsten-nickel-iron alloy 1490 m/s 3.6 kg / 6.1 kg NATO Single heavy target at 6000 m
DM43  Germany Rheinmetall late 1980s or early 1990s tungsten alloy 1475 m/s[13] / 6.1 kg
NP105A2  Austria Ennstaler Metallwerk early 1980s tungsten-nickel-iron alloy 1485 m/s 473 mm at 1000 m[14]
C-76  Canada SNC Industrial Technologies Incorporated 1980s tungsten alloy 1485 m/s with NQ/M propellant
1510 m/s with M30 propellant 		penetration of the NATO Heavy Single target in excess of 4000 mm and Heavy triple target at 65° obliquity in excess of 6000 m
C-437  Spain Empresa Nacional Bazán and Santa Bárbara Sistemas 1984 tungsten alloy 1485 m/s / 5.65 kg defeat the NATO Heavy Triple target set at an angle of 65° and the NATO Single Heavy target set at 60°, both at a range of 5000 m[15] On impact with the target a series of three DENAL wads or cylinders under the windshield and around the penetrator core is compressed and not only prepares the penetration zone but also serves to prevent rebound from armour set at high angles of incidence Part of the kinetic energy in the core is used to raise the temperature of the impact zone to soften the material, producing a number of particles behind the armour. The penetration hole is between 60 and 70 mm in diameter.
C-512  Spain Santa Bárbara Sistemas tungsten alloy 1480 m/s / 5.925 kg peforation of the NATO Heavy Triple target at 4550 m and 120 mm target at 70° at 3500 m[16] the C-512 is similar to the C-437 but use a slightly longer and heavier penetrator
M1050  Belgium MECAR late 1980s tungsten alloy 1510 m/s / 5.8 kg is equivalent in performance to the FP105 APFSDS
M1060  Belgium MECAR early 1990s tungsten alloy 1510 m/s / 5.8 kg has a comparable performance to the US M833 but without the problems associated with depleted uranium
M1060A2  Belgium MECAR 1990s tungsten alloy 1460 m/s / 6.2 kg 440 mm at 2000 m"105mm TK APFSDS-T M1060A2". 2016. https://dokumen.tips/documents/amm-105mm-x617-tk-l7-cn105f1-mecar.html.  (LoS penetration at 60° obliquity) This model of KE is a major product improvement of the MECAR M1060A1 APFSDS-T.
M1060A3  Belgium MECAR 2004 tungsten alloy 1560 m/s / 6.2 kg >500 mm at 2000 m[17] (LoS penetration at 60° obliquity)
Type 93  Japan Daikin 1993 tungsten alloy 1501 m/s 3.4 kg / 5.8 kg 414 mm at 2000 m
M9718  South Africa Denel tungsten alloy 450 mm at 3000 m[18]
K270  South Korea Poongsan Metal Corporation tungsten alloy 1508 m/s
K274  South Korea Poongsan Metal Corporation tungsten alloy 1495 m/s
K274N  South Korea Poongsan Metal Corporation tungsten alloy 15% increased penetration from K274
P1A1  Pakistan Pakistan Ordnance Factories (POF) tungsten alloy 1490 m/s / 6.12 kg 300 mm at 0° obliquity at unknown range[19]
DTW2  China NORINCO 2000s tungsten alloy 1530 m/s / 6 kg 150 mm at 71° obliquity at 2000 m
BTA2  China NORINCO 2012 tungsten alloy 1540 m/s / 5.9 kg 220 mm at 66.42° obliquity at 2000 m
Anti tank 105 mm APFSDS – T  Iran Defense Industries Organization (DIO) 2010s tungsten alloy / 5.3 kg 460 mm at unknown range[20]

HEAT (High Explosive Anti-Tank)

Ammunition Origin Designer & producer Year Type Weight, complete round (kg) Projectile weight (kg) Explosive filling (kg) Muzzle velocity (m/s) Perforation at normal and oblique incidences Notes
OCC 105 F1  France early 1960s non-rotating 22.2 kg 10.95 kg 0.78 kg of HBX 1000 m/s 400 mm or 152 mm @ 64° at any range[21]
M456 HEAT-T[lower-roman 8]  USA 1966 (M456A1) fin-stabilized 21.8 kg 10.2 kg 0.97 kg of Composition B 1173 m/s 375 mm or 175 mm @ 60° at any range Produced under license by Japan as Type 91 HEAT-MP and Germany as DM12.
M152/6  Israel 2000s fin-stabilized M152/3 (licence-built M456) upgraded with an airburst fuze
 Spain &  Germany DEFTEC 1992 fin-stabilized 22 kg 10 kg 1.4 kg or 1.5 kg 1174 m/s Visually similar to the US M456 round but includes a detonation wave shaper for increased armour penetration. Also has a greater fragmentation effect.
L51 HEAT-T  Italy Simmel Difesa fin-stabilized 22.1 kg 10.25 kg 0.97 kg of Composition B 1173 m/s superior than the standard M456A1 model
DTP1A  China NORINCO 2012 fin-stabilized 22 kg 1154 m/s visually similar to the US M456 projectile but incorporates an anti-ERA feature

High-Explosive Squash Head (HESH)

Further information: Engineering:High-explosive squash head
Ammunition Origin Year Weight, complete round Projectile weight Explosive filling Muzzle velocity Notes
L35A2 HESH  UK 1962
M393A1 HEP-T[lower-roman 9]  USA 1960s 21.2 kg 11.3 kg 2.99 kg of Composition A3 732 m/s Produced under license by Japan as Type75 HEP-T and Germany as DM502.
M156 HESH-T (HEP-T)  Israel 21.2 kg 11.3 kg 2.2 kg of Composition A3 731 m/s IDF and is equivalent to the L35 HESH-T and M393A1/A2 HEP-T

High Explosive (HE)

Ammunition Origin Year Weight, complete round Projectile mass Explosive filling Muzzle velocity Notes
OE Modèle 60  France 1960 21 kg 12.1 kg 2 kg of RDX/TNT 770 m/s
Slsgr m/61 A  Sweden 14.4 kg 1.83 kg of TNT 650 m/s
10,5 Pz Kan 60/61 St G Mz 54 Lsp Switzerland
M110 HE-MP-T  Israel 23.5 kg 13.6 kg ≈1 kg of CLX66 800 m/S Capable of penetrating double reinforced concrete walls >200mm, its electronic fuze has three modes
M9210 HE  South Africa 24.5 kg TNT/HNS 700 m/S 17m lethal radius, maximum range 10–12 km[22]

Smoke shells

Ammunition Origin Year Weight, complete round Projectile mass Muzzle velocity Filling Size and duration Notes
L39A SMK  UK 1967
M416 WP-T  USA 1960s 20.7 kg 11.4 kg 732 m/s
OFUM PH 105 F1  France 1960s 18.5 kg 12.1 kg 695 m/s 1.77 kg white phosphorus + 0.12 kg hexolite burster charge 75 m-wide smoke screen for 40 seconds

Anti-personnel

Ammunition Origin Year Type Weight, complete round Projectile mass Muzzle velocity Filling Effects Notes
L15A1 CAN  UK canister
M1204  Belgium canister 19.5 kg 8.3 kg 1173 m/s 1130 steel spheres of a diameter of 11 mm 200 m effective range
XM494E3 APERS-T  USA beehive 25 kg 14 kg 823 m/s 5000 steel flechettes
105mm APAM-MP-T M117/1 Cartridge  Israel 2000s 6 submunitions
M436 STUN  Israel 2000s less-than-lethal 14.4 kg 2.5 kg plastic flakes Flash, bang and blast effects "less-than-lethal" cartridge

Gun Launched Anti-Tank Guided Missile (GLATGM)

Ammunition Origin Designer & producer Year Weight, complete round Missile mass Speed Range Warhead Perforation at normal and oblique incidences Guidance system Notes
FALARICK 105  Ukraine &  Belgium 2010s 24 kg CMI Defence and Luch Design Bureau subsonic 5000 m tandem HEAT >550 mm Semi-automatic laser beam-riding
LAHAT  Israel Israel Aerospace Industries (IAI) 1990s subsonic tandem HEAT

105 mm guns using 105x617mm ammunition

  • Gun, 105 mm, Tank, L7-series (United Kingdom)
  • M68-series (USA)
  • EX 35 (USA)
  • CN 105 F1 (France)
  • CN 105 G2 (France)
  • Rh 105-series (Germany)
  • OTO 105 Low Recoil Force Gun (Italy)
  • GT 3 (South Africa)
  • FRT L51 (Argentina)
  • Type 94 (China)

Notes

  1. ↑ 1525 m when fired from the longer French F1 105 mm L/56 gun
  2. ↑ Barrel length not specified.
  3. ↑ 4900 m when fired from the longer French F1 105 mm L/56 gun
  4. ↑ 1525 m when fired from the longer French F1 105 mm L/56 gun
  5. ↑ 6800 m when fired from the longer French F1 105 mm L/56 gun
  6. ↑ 1490 m when fired from the longer French F1 105 mm L/56 gun
  7. ↑ 6200 m when fired from the longer French F1 105 mm L/56 gun
  8. ↑ T refers to the round containing a tracer element.
  9. ↑ HEP from "High Explosive Plastic" is the US term for HESH.

References




  1. ↑ Ogorkiewicz, Richard M. (1991). Technology of Tanks (Vols 1-2). London: Janes Information Group. pp. 79. ISBN 978-0710605955. 
  2. ↑ Ogorkiewicz, Richard M. (1991). Technology of Tanks (Vols 1-2). London: Janes Information Group. pp. 79. ISBN 978-0710605955. 
  3. ↑ "Armor penetration of Swedish tank and anti-tank weapons". http://tanks.mod16.org/2015/09/25/armor-penetration-of-swedish-tank-and-anti-tank-weapons/. 
  4. ↑ Ogorkiewicz, Richard M. (1991). Technology of Tanks (Vols 1-2). London: Janes Information Group. pp. 79. ISBN 978-0710605955. 
  5. ↑ TM 43-0001-28. Technical Manual Army Ammunition Data Sheets for Artillery Ammunition. Washington, DC: Headquarters Department of the Army. 1994. pp. 2–103. 
  6. ↑ Foss, Christopher (1993). Jane's Armoured Fighting Vehicle Retrofit Systems 1993-94. London: Jane's Information Group. pp. 150. ISBN 978-0710610799. 
  7. ↑ Foss, Christopher (1993). Jane's Armoured Fighting Vehicle Retrofit Systems 1993-94. London: ane's Information Group. pp. 104. ISBN 978-0710610799. 
  8. ↑ Department of Defense Appropriations for 1990. Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office. 1989. pp. 243. 
  9. ↑ Ogorkiewicz, Richard M. (1991). Technology of Tanks (Vols 1-2). London: Janes Information Group. pp. 82. ISBN 978-0710605955. 
  10. ↑ (in en) International Defense Review 9/1987. Jane's Publishing Group. 1987. p. 1245. 
  11. ↑ (in en) International Defense Review 9/1987. Jane's Publishing Group. 1987. p. 1245. 
  12. ↑ "IHSJane'sWeaponsAmmunition". http://cdn.ihs.com/Janes/Sample-content-IHS-Janes-Weapons-Ammunition.pdf. 
  13. ↑ Foss, Christopher (1993). Jane's Armoured Fighting Vehicle Retrofit Systems 1993-94. London: ane's Information Group. pp. 98. ISBN 978-0710610799. 
  14. ↑ Ogorkiewicz, Richard M. (1991). Technology of Tanks (Vols 1-2). London: Janes Information Group. pp. 82. ISBN 978-0710605955. 
  15. ↑ Foss, Christopher (1993). Jane's Armoured Fighting Vehicle Retrofit Systems 1993-94. London: ane's Information Group. pp. 123. ISBN 978-0710610799. 
  16. ↑ IHS Jane's Weapons: Ammunition 2012-2013. Janes Information Group. ISBN 978-0710630223. 
  17. ↑ "105 mm Tank Ammunition". 2019. http://www.mecar.be/content.php?langue=english&cle_menus=1156856627. 
  18. ↑ "R96.8m for Olifant, Rooikat ammo" (in en-ZA). defenceWeb. 18 August 2011. https://www.defenceweb.co.za/land/land-land/r968m-for-olifant-rooikat-ammo/. 
  19. ↑ "Tank & Anti-Tank Ammunition". Pakistan Ordnance Factories. https://dokumen.tips/documents/tank-anti-tank-ammunition-stabilized-round-and-can-be-fired-from-105mm-l7.html. 
  20. ↑ "SECTION 2 AMMUNITION & METALLURGY I N D U S T R I E S G R O U P". DIO DEFENSE INDUSTRIES ORGANIZATION. https://pdfslide.net/documents/dio-defence-industries-organisation-ammunition-catalogue-iran.html. 
  21. ↑ (in en) International Defense Review 1/1972. Interavia SA. 1987. p. 162. 
  22. ↑ "R96.8m for Olifant, Rooikat ammo" (in en-ZA). defenceWeb. 18 August 2011. https://www.defenceweb.co.za/land/land-land/r968m-for-olifant-rooikat-ammo/. 
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