Engineering:Black Hornet Nano

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Short description: Military micro unmanned aerial vehicle
A Black Hornet Nano helicopter unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) (2013)

The Black Hornet Nano is a military micro unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) developed by Prox Dynamics AS of Norway , and in use by the armed forces of Norway, the United States, France, the United Kingdom, Germany, Denmark, Algeria, Ireland, Australia, the Netherlands, Poland, New Zealand, India, Turkey, South Africa, Ukraine and Morocco.[1][2]

Prox Dynamics AS was bought by Teledyne FLIR in 2016 for 134 million dollars[3] and currently manufacturers the Black Hornet. Teledyne FLIR specializes in the manufacture of IR cameras, like the one used on the Black Hornet.[4]

Technical

The drone measures around 16 × 2.5 cm (6 × 1 in) and provides troops on the ground with local situational awareness. It is small enough to fit in one hand and weighs 18 g (0.7 oz), with its battery.[5]

The UAV is equipped with a camera which transmits video and still images to the operator. It was developed as part of a £20 million contract for 160 units with Marlborough Communications Ltd.[6][7][8]

An operator can be trained to operate the Black Hornet in 20 minutes. It has three cameras; one looking forward, one straight down, and one pointing down at 45 degrees. A Black Hornet package contains two helicopters and, since a 90% charge is reached in 20–25 minutes, the same as its hovering time, when one needs to be recharged the other is ready to fly.[9] Top speed is 21 km/h (13 mph).[10]

In October 2014, Prox Dynamics unveiled a version of the PD-100 Black Hornet with night vision capabilities, with long-wave infrared and day video sensors that can transmit video or high-resolution still images via a digital data-link with a 1.6 km (1 mile) range.[citation needed]

Over 3,000 Black Hornets had been delivered as of 2014.[citation needed]

Black Recon

The larger Black Recon model was revealed in 2023 after five years of development. Based on the Black Hornet, it is designed to be launched from armored vehicles to give crews better situational awareness. The Black Recon Vehicle Reconnaissance System (VRS) is an 80 kg (180 lb) box bolted onto the chassis of a ground vehicle that contains three UAVs. They can be launched and controlled entirely from the safety of the vehicle's interior and are recovered autonomously. Each Black Recon weighs 350 g (12 oz) and can travel 6 km (3.7 mi) from its launch vehicle with an endurance of 45 minutes. Deliveries are expected to be able to begin in 2025.[11]

Operational history

In flight, showing its antenna

The aircraft was being used by soldiers from the UK's Brigade Reconnaissance Force at Camp Bastion in Afghanistan.[12] Operation Herrick personnel in Afghanistan deployed the Black Hornet from the front line to fly into enemy territory to take video and still images before returning to the operator. It was withdrawn from service in 2016/2017.[13]

Designed to blend in with the muddy grey walls in Afghanistan, and capable of flying for 20 minutes on quiet electric motors, it has been used to look around corners or over walls and other obstacles to identify any hidden dangers and enemy positions. The Black Hornet is connected to the operator with a digital data-link and GPS. Images are displayed on a small handheld terminal, which can be used by the operator to control the UAV.[14]

The Black Hornet is launched from a small box that can be strapped to a utility belt, which also stores transmitted data, since the drone itself does not store any data, an advantage if captured. Operators can steer the UAV or set waypoints for it to fly itself.[15]

In October 2013, the British Army had 324 Hornet Nanos in service.[16]

In July 2014, the United States Army Natick Soldier Research, Development and Engineering Center (NSRDEC) selected the PD-100 Black Hornet after looking at commercially available small-scale UAVs as part of the Cargo Pocket Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (CP-ISR) program. It concluded that further refinements were needed for a U.S. Army role including reconfiguring the data-link, giving it night vision, and improving navigational capability.[17] The Black Hornet was tested with U.S. troops at an event in early March 2015,[18] and Prox Dynamics delivered a PD-100 with upgraded features for special forces testing in June 2015.[19]

By 2015, the Black Hornet had deployed with U.S. Marine Corps special operations teams.[9] Although the Army was seeking a mini-drone for use by individual squads through the Soldier Borne Sensors (SBS) program, the individually handmade Black Hornet was seen as too expensive for large-scale deployment, with a unit costing as much as US$195,000.[20]

In 2018, the US Army bought 60 Hornet 3,[21] and in 2022 another 300.[22] The US Army bought an undisclosed number of Hornet 3 in 2023, some of them intended for Ukraine.[22]

Users

By September 2016, the PD-100 Black Hornet was in use by the militaries of 19 NATO-allied countries.[23]

  •  India: National Security Guard[1]
  •  Australia: Australian Army[24]
  •  Denmark: Danish Armed Forces has bought the new Black Hornet PRS[25]
  •  Germany: German Army
  •  Malaysia: 21 Grup Gerak Khas of Malaysian Army
  •  Netherlands: Dutch Army[26]
  •  New Zealand: New Zealand Special Air Service
  •  Algeria: 104th Operational Maneuvers Regiment[27]
  •  Indonesia: Indonesian Army[28]
  •  Norway: Norwegian Armed Forces[29]
  •  United Kingdom: British Army,[12] retired in 2016 after Operation Herrick.[30] Reintroduced through the Defence Equipment and Support programme in April 2019 for research and development into a capability gap identified by British Army HQ for brigade-level unmanned reconnaissance.[31]
  •  United States: United States Marine Corps,[9] Lee County Sheriff's Office,[32] United States Army Cavalry Scouts
  •  France: French Armed Forces (including the Special Operations Command)[33]
  •  Spain: Spanish Armed Forces[1]
  •  South Africa: South African Police Service[34]
  •  Turkey: Turkish Land Forces, Special Forces Command (Turkey) & Gendarmerie General Command[35][36][37]
  •  Ukraine: Armed Forces of Ukraine[38]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 "Eye in the sky: NSG acquires Black Hornet Nano – world's smallest spy cam UAV | India News" (in en-GB). https://www.timesnownews.com/india/article/eye-in-the-sky-nsg-acquires-black-hornet-nano-worlds-smallest-spy-cam-uav/300812. 
  2. ↑ "Stealth Micro UAV for the Army, Police and Special Forces" (in en-US). 2017-06-08. https://i-hls.com/archives/76960. 
  3. ↑ "FLIR Systems Acquires Prox Dynamics for $134 Million" (in en-US). Nov 30, 2016. https://www.flir.com/news-center/press-releases/flir-systems-acquires-prox-dynamics-for-$134-million/. 
  4. ↑ "What is a Black Hornet drone?" (in en-US). 2023-07-25. https://www.culturalistpress.com/black-hornet/. 
  5. ↑ "Den norske militærdronen er blitt standardutrustning" (in no). Tu.no. http://www.tu.no/industri/2015/10/15/den-norske-militardronen-er-blitt-standardutrustning. 
  6. ↑ Adrian Shaw (2013-02-03). "The eight inch spy in the sky: Tiny 'Black Hornet' helicopters snoop in Afghanistan in latest technology helping British troops". Mirror.co.uk. https://www.mirror.co.uk/news/technology-science/technology/the-eight-inch-spy-in-the-sky-tiny-1573284. Retrieved 2013-02-07. 
  7. ↑ "Miniature surveillance helicopters help protect front line troops". GOV.UK. 2013-02-04. https://www.gov.uk/government/news/miniature-surveillance-helicopters-help-protect-front-line-troops. Retrieved 2013-02-07. 
  8. ↑ Matthew Weber (2013-02-07). "The Black Hornet Is A $195,000 Spy Plane That Fits In Your Hand - Gizmo Crazed". gizmocrazed.com. http://www.gizmocrazed.com/2013/02/the-black-hornet-is-the-195000-spy-plane-that-fits-in-your-hand. Retrieved 2013-02-07. 
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 Marines get a closer look at Black Hornet micro drone - MarineCorpstimes.com, 23 September 2015
  10. ↑ 2016 gear: New pistol, mini UAV, ear pro and more - Militarytimes.com, 10 November 2015
  11. ↑ With ‘Black Recon,’ Teledyne FLIR offers small, vehicle-launched spy drones. Breaking Defense. 12 September 2023.
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 BritishForcesNews·. "Mini drone gives UK troops extra eyes 06.02.13". BritishForcesNews. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LSQwb4p09wE. Retrieved 13 February 2013. 
  13. ↑ "UK Armed Forces Equipment and Formations 2017". UK MOD. 6 July 2017. https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/625192/UK_Armed_Forces_Equipment_and_Formations_2017.pdf. Retrieved 6 July 2017. 
  14. ↑ "Black Hornet spycam is a 'lifesaver' for British troops". BBC News (Bbc.co.uk). 2013-02-13. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-21450456. Retrieved 2013-02-18. 
  15. ↑ US Special Forces Are Experimenting With Bug Drones - Defenseone.com, 28 May 2015
  16. ↑ Craig Hoyle (25 October 2013). "Unmanned Taranis has flown, MoD reveals". Flightglobal.com. http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/unmanned-taranis-has-flown-mod-reveals-392177/. Retrieved 6 December 2013. 
  17. ↑ US Army Enhances Pocket-Sized Black Hornet UAV - Armedforces-Int.com, 23 July 2014
  18. ↑ Mini Drones Win Soldier Praise at Army Experiment - Kitup.Military.com, 6 March 2015
  19. ↑ PD-100 Black Hornet Micro UAV In US Army Tests - Copybook.com/Military, 5 June 2015
  20. ↑ Army wants mini-drones for its squads by 2018 - Armytimes.com, 3 April 2016
  21. ↑ "Army to purchase additional Soldier Borne Sensor Systems". US Army. 21 August 2018. https://www.army.mil/article/210155/army_to_purchase_additional_soldier_borne_sensor_systems. 
  22. ↑ 22.0 22.1 "Teledyne FLIR's $94M US Army deal includes Black Hornet drones for Ukraine". Drone DJ. 27 July 2023. https://dronedj.com/2023/07/27/teledyne-flirs-94m-us-army-deal-includes-black-hornet-drones-for-ukraine/. 
  23. ↑ Marines Testing Out World’s Smallest Drone - Defensetech.org, 27 September 2016
  24. ↑ Coyne, Allie (3 July 2015). "Australian Army tests out drones for surveillance". IT News. http://www.itnews.com.au/news/australian-army-tests-out-drones-for-surveillance-406069. Retrieved 1 September 2016. 
  25. ↑ "Black Hornet PRS kan redde liv på missioner". https://www.hkkf.dk/nyheder/2022/december/black-hornet-prs-kan-redde-liv-paa-missioner/. 
  26. ↑ "Black Hornet-onbemand verkenningssysteem". 26 October 2018. https://www.defensie.nl/onderwerpen/materieel/vliegtuigen-en-helikopters/black-hornet-onbemand-verkenningssysteem. 
  27. ↑ "Stealth Micro UAV for the Army, Police and Special Forces". 8 June 2017. https://i-hls.com/archives/76960. 
  28. ↑ "Digunakan Yonhub TNI AD, Inilah Kecanggihan Drone Intai 'Nano' Black Hornet PD-100". 12 September 2022. https://www.indomiliter.com/digunakan-yonhub-tni-ad-inilah-kecanggihan-drone-intai-nano-black-hornet-pd-100/. 
  29. ↑ "Archived copy". http://www.vgtv.no/#!/video/61312/vgtv-ble-med-på-demonstrasjon-se-forsvarets-nye-våpen-i-aksjon. 
  30. ↑ Ripley, Tim (11 July 2017). "British Army retires Black Hornet micro UAV". IHS Janes. Archived from the original on 2018-06-17. https://web.archive.org/web/20180617060511/https://www.janes.com/article/72202/british-army-retires-black-hornet-micro-uav. Retrieved 13 July 2017. 
  31. ↑ "United Kingdom-Bristol: Military research and technology 2019/S 073-172483 Contract award notice". Official Journal of the EU. 12 April 2019. https://ted.europa.eu/udl?uri=TED:NOTICE:172483-2019:TEXT:EN:HTML&src=0. 
  32. ↑ Lee County Sheriffs Office adds new drone to fleet
  33. ↑ "Des drones Black Hornet Nano pour les forces spéciales françaises? | Zone Militaire". 28 January 2016. http://www.opex360.com/2016/01/28/des-drones-black-hornet-nano-pour-les-forces-speciales-francaises/. 
  34. ↑ "Stealth Micro UAV for the Army, Police and Special Forces". 8 June 2017. https://i-hls.com/archives/76960. 
  35. ↑ Aybars [@aybarsbtr] (20 November 2018). "Turkish Gendarmerie with Black Hornet Nano UAV. t.co/sg44EEOcbk" (in en). https://twitter.com/aybarsbtr/status/1064951231536336897. 
  36. ↑ Aybars [@aybarsbtr] (23 November 2019). "Gendarmerie with Black Hornet Nano UAV t.co/7pCiFTEDWG" (in en). https://twitter.com/aybarsbtr/status/1198262398857162753. 
  37. ↑ "Tuzakları bozuyor" (in tr). 11 March 2018. https://www.haberturk.com/dunyada-sayili-ordu-kullaniyor-esek-arisi-teroristlerin-kabusu-oldu-1871496. 
  38. ↑ "Norwegian-developed drone to Ukraine". Norwegian Government. 24 August 2022. https://www.regjeringen.no/en/aktuelt/droner/id2924942/?fbclid=IwAR0-lEUzOY5c5gorr6nY0-xBcqyGfgpCzzWQxb55Xgg9OniVOkKThv1Fumw. 

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