Engineering:Boat lift
A boat lift, ship lift, or lift lock is a machine for transporting boats between water at two different elevations, and is an alternative to the canal lock.
It may be vertically moving, like the Anderton boat lift in England , rotational, like the Falkirk Wheel in Scotland, or operate on an inclined plane, like the Ronquières inclined plane in Belgium.
History
A precursor to the canal boat lift, able to move full-sized canal boats, was the tub boat lift used in mining, able to raise and lower the 2.5 ton tub boats then in use. An experimental system was in use on the Churprinz mining canal in Halsbrücke near Dresden. It lifted boats 7 m (23 ft) using a moveable hoist rather than caissons. The lift operated between 1789 and 1868,[1] and for a period of time after its opening engineer James Green reporting that five had been built between 1796 and 1830. He credited the invention to Dr James Anderson of Edinburgh.[2]
The idea of a boat lift for canals can be traced back to a design based on balanced water-filled caissons in Erasmus Darwin's Commonplace Book (pp. 58–59) dated 1777–1778[3]
In 1796 an experimental balance lock was designed by James Fussell and constructed at Mells on the Dorset and Somerset Canal, though this project was never completed.[2] A similar design was used for lifts on the tub boat section of the Grand Western Canal entered into operation in 1835 becoming the first non-experimental boat lifts in Britain[4] and pre-dating the Anderton Boat Lift by 40 years.
In 1904 the Peterborough Lift Lock designed by Richard Birdsall Rogers opened in Canada. This 19.8-metre (65 ft) high lift system is operated by gravity alone, with the upper bay of the two bay system loaded with an additional 30 cm (12 in) of water as to give it greater weight.
Before the construction of the Three Gorges Dam Ship Lift, the highest boat lift, with a 73.15-metre (240.0 ft) height difference and European Class IV (1350 tonne) capacity, was the Strépy-Thieu boat lift in Belgium opened in 2002.
The ship lift at the Three Gorges Dam, completed in January 2016, is 113 m (371 ft) high and able to lift vessels of up to 3,000 tons displacement.
The boat lift at Longtan is reported to be even higher in total with a maximum vertical lift of 179 m (587 ft) in two stages when completed.[5]
Selected lift locks
| Name | Location | Opened | Type | Displacement | Dimensions | Vertical lift | Cycle time | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Goupitan ship-lifting system (second[6] lift) | Guizhou, China | 2021[7] | Vertical caisson | 500 tons | 280 by 35 by 5 metres 919 by 115 by 16 feet |
127 metres 417 feet |
Tallest boat lift in the world. | |
| Goupitan ship-lifting system (first[6] lift) | Guizhou, China | 2021[7] | Vertical caisson | 500 tons | 72–79 metres 236–259 feet |
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| Three Gorges Dam ship lift | Yichang, Hubei, China | 2016 | Vertical caisson | 3000 tons | 280 by 35 by 5 metres 919 by 115 by 16 feet |
113 metres 371 feet |
30–40 minutes | |
| Krasnoyarsk Dam ship lift | Divnogorsk, Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia | 1982 | Inclined plane | 1500 tons | 90 m × 18 m × 2.2 m 295 ft × 59 ft × 7 ft |
104 m 341 ft |
90 minutes | |
| Ronquières inclined plane lift | Braine-le-Comte, Hainaut, Belgium | 1968 | Inclined plane | 1350 tons | 91 m × 12 m × 3.7 m 299 ft × 39 ft × 12 ft |
67.73 m 222 ft |
22 minutes[8] | |
| Strépy-Thieu boat lift | Le Rœulx, Hainaut, Belgium | 2002 | Vertical caisson | 1350 tons | 112 m × 12 m × 3.35 m 367 ft × 39 ft × 11 ft |
73.15 m 240 ft |
7 minutes | Tallest boat lift in Europe. |
| Scharnebeck twin ship lift | Lüneburg, Lower Saxony, Germany | 1974 | Vertical caisson | 1350 tons | 105.4 m × 15.8 m × 3.4 m 346 ft × 52 ft × 11 ft |
38 m 125 ft |
3 minutes | |
| Niederfinow boat lift | Brandenburg, Germany | 1934 | Vertical caisson | 85 m × 12 m × 2.5 m 279 ft × 39 ft × 8 ft |
36 m 118 ft |
20 minutes | ||
| Niederfinow north boat lift | Brandenburg, Germany | 2022 | Vertical caisson | 2100 tonnes | 115 m × 12.5 m × 4.0 m 377 ft × 41 ft × 13 ft |
36 m 118 ft |
||
| Peterborough lift lock | Ontario, Canada | 1904 | Vertical caisson | 1300 tons | 42.7 m × 10.1 m × 2.1 m 140 ft × 33 ft × 7 ft |
19.8 m 65 ft |
10 minutes | |
| Kirkfield Lift Lock | Ontario, Canada | 1907 | Vertical caisson | 1300 tons | 42.7 m × 10.1 m × 2.1 m 140 ft × 33 ft × 7 ft |
14.9 m 49 ft |
10 minutes | |
| Rothensee boat lift | Saxony-Anhalt, Germany | 1938 | Vertical caisson | 1000 tons | 85 m × 12.2 m 279 ft × 40 ft |
16 m 52 ft |
20 minutes | |
| Falkirk Wheel | Falkirk, Scotland, United Kingdom | 2002 | Rotating caisson | 600 tons | 21.33 m × 6 m × 1.37 m 70 ft × 20 ft × 4 ft |
24 m 79 fts |
4 minutes | The only rotating boat lift in the world. |
| Henrichenburg boat lift | North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany | 1962 | Vertical caisson | 600 tons | 67 m × 8.2 m × 2 m 220 ft × 27 ft × 7 ft |
14 m 46 ft |
25 minutes | |
| Geheyan Dam ship lift | Hubei, China | 1987 | Vertical caisson | 300 tons | ||||
| Longtan Dam ship lift (first lift) | Hechi, Guangxi Autonomous Region, China | 2020 | Vertical caisson | 500 tons | 73.0 m × 12.2 m × 3.5 m 240 ft × 40 ft × 11 ft |
62.4 m 205 ft[9] |
||
| Longtan Dam ship lift (second lift) | Hechi, Guangxi Autonomous Region, China | 2020 | Vertical caisson | 500 tons | 73.0 m × 12.2 m × 3.5 m 240 ft × 40 ft × 11 ft |
93.6 m 307 ft[9] |
||
| Canal du Centre boat lifts | Hainaut, Belgium | 1888–1917 | Vertical caisson | 360 tons/350 tons | 40.1 m × 5.06 m × 2 m 132 ft × 17 ft × 7 ft |
16.93–15.4 m 56–51 ft |
Three lifts each 16.93 m high plus one 15.4 m high. | |
| Fontinettes boat lift | Arques, Pas-de-Calais, France | 1881–88 | Vertical caisson | 300 tons | 39 m × 5.2 m × 2 m 128 ft × 17 ft × 7 ft |
13.13 m 43 ft |
5 minutes | Replaced by a single lock in 1967. |
| Anderton boat lift | Cheshire, England , United Kingdom | 1875 | Vertical caisson | 250 tons | 22.9 m × 4.7 m × 2.9 m 75 ft × 15 ft × 10 ft |
15.25 m 50 ft |
||
| Montech water slope | Montech, Tarn-et-Garonne, France | 1974 | Water slope | 443 m × 13.3 m × 6 m 1,453 ft × 44 ft × 20 ft |
13.3 m 44 ft |
6 minutes | Oldest water slope. | |
| Fonserannes Water Slope | Hérault, France | 1980–83 | Water slope | 272 m × 13.6 m 892 ft × 45 ft |
13.6 m 45 ft |
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| Big Chute Marine Railway | Ontario, Canada | 1917–78 | Patent slip | 30.4 m × 18 m × 7.9 m 100 ft × 59 ft × 26 ft |
18 m 59 ft |
See also
- List of boat lifts
- Lock (water transport)
- Balance lock
- Canal inclined plane – another technique for lifting boats.
- Caisson lock: a submerged boat lift.
- Shiplift – used for raising vessels in shipyards
- Marine railway inclined plane for shipyards
- Water slope
- Saint-Louis-Arzviller boat lift, France – which is actually a canal inclined plane
- Portable boat lift
- Patent slip
References
- ↑ Charles Hadfield World Canals: Inland Navigation Past and Present, p. 71, ISBN:0-7153-8555-0
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 The Canals of Southwest England Charles Hadfield, p. 104, ISBN:0-7153-8645-X
- ↑ "revolutionaryplayers.org.uk". http://www.search.revolutionaryplayers.org.uk/engine/resource/exhibition/standard/child.asp?txtKeywords=&lstContext=&lstResourceType=&lstExhibitionType=&chkPurchaseVisible=&txtDateFrom=&txtDateTo=&x1=&y1=&x2=&y2=&scale=&theme=&album=&viewpage=%2Fengine%2Fresource%2Fexhibition%2Fstandard%2Fchild%2Easp&originator=&page=&records=&direction=&pointer=&text=&resource=3996&exhibition=1109&offset=0.
- ↑ The Canals of Southwest England Charles Hadfield, p. 109, ISBN:0-7153-8645-X
- ↑ "Long Tan Hydroelectric Dam". 2007. http://www.environmental-expert.com/resulteacharticle.aspx?cid=5872&codi=12889.[yes|permanent dead link|dead link}}]
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Yaan Hu, Gensheng Zhao, Claus Kunz, Zhonghua Li, Jan Akkermann, Marc Michaux, Fabrice Daly, Jim Stirling, Weili Zheng, Jean-Michel Hiver, Michael Thorogood, Jianfeng An, Xin Wang, Shu Xue, and Chao Guo (2023). "Innovations in Shiplift Navigation Concepts". Proceedings of PIANC Smart Rivers 2022. Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering. 264. pp. 41–42. doi:10.1007/978-981-19-6138-0_4. ISBN 978-981-19-6137-3. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/368819375.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 "View of Goupitan hydropower station in Yuqing County, Guizhou - Xinhua | English.news.cn". http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2020-07/03/c_139186162.htm.
- ↑ "The inclined plane of Ronquières". http://services-techniques.met.wallonie.be/en/waterways/the_inclined_plane_of_ron/.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 Chen, Yingying; Hu, Yaan; Li, Zhonghua (2023). "Research on Influence from Ship Navigating in the Intermediate Channel Between Ship Lifts on Hydraulic Characteristics". in Li, Yun; Hu, Yaan; Rigo, Philippe et al. (in en). Proceedings of PIANC Smart Rivers 2022. Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering. 264. Singapore: Springer Nature. pp. 599–610. doi:10.1007/978-981-19-6138-0_52. ISBN 978-981-19-6138-0.
Further reading
- Tew, David (1984). Canal Inclines and Lifts. Sutton Books. ISBN 0-86299-031-9.
- Uhlemann, Hans-Joachim (2002). Canal lifts and inclines of the world (English Translation ed.). Internat. ISBN 0-9543181-1-0.
External links
- "The lift-locks on the Canal du Centre, at Houdeng and Strépy-Thieu, Belgium". 2005-05-14. http://www.ping.be/~pin02722/Strepy.htm. Source mentions its own sources
- The International Canal Monuments List
- ^ Three Gorges Dam
- Big Chute, Ontario – in fact an inclined plane
- Twin Ship Elevator Lüneburg – Technical data of the Scharnebeck twin ship lift near Lüneburg, Germany
- Dutch boat lift page
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