Engineering:Body in white
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Body in white (BIW) is the stage in Automotive industry in which a car body's frame has been joined together, that is before painting and before the motor, chassis sub-assemblies, or trim (glass, door locks/handles, seats, upholstery, electronics, etc.) have been integrated into the structure. Assembly involves different techniques such as welding (spot, MIG/MAG, or friction stir), riveting, clinching, bonding and laser brazing.
The term derives from manufacturing practices before steel unibody monocoques, when automobile bodies were made by outside firms on a separate chassis with an engine, suspension, and bumpers attached.[citation needed] The manufacturers built or purchased wooden bodies (with thin, non-structural metal sheets on the outside) to bolt onto the frame. The bodies were painted white prior to the final color.[according to whom?]
A folk etymology for "body in white" is the appearance of a car body after it is dipped into a white bath of primer (undercoat paint)— despite the primer's actual gray color.[citation needed] BIW could also refer to when car bodywork would be made of timber – all timber products, furniture, etc., are considered to be "in the white" when at the stage of raw timber before finishing or varnishing.[original research?]
In car design, the "body in white"[inconsistent] phase is where the final contours of the car body are worked out, in preparation for the ordering of the expensive production stamping die. Extensive computer simulations of crash-worthiness, manufacturability, and automotive aerodynamics are required before a clay model from the design studio can be converted into a body in white ready for production.[citation needed]
Factories may offer BIW cars to racers, who then may replace up to 90% of the car with aftermarket parts,[1] and niche manufacturers like Ruf Automobile start their cars with BIWs from other makers.
Related terms
A related term in the automotive industry is "body in black". This can refer to a car body that is formed of alternate materials such as composites rather than conventional metal;[2][3] these composite materials, such as carbon fiber,[2][3][4] are black rather than white. "Body in black" can also refer to a step in the design process in which a mock-up of a new car skin is built, in order to perform exacting measurements during the design and pre-production processes.[5]
References
- ↑ "GM Performance Parts To Offer $7,000 Body-In-White New Camaro" (in en-US). Jalopnik (The Auto Insider). 2008-12-26. http://jalopnik.com/5117896/gm-performance-parts-to-offer-7000-body+in+white-new-camaro.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 PlasticsToday Staff (8 March 2012). "Carbon fiber body-in-black wins design accolade". PlasticsToday (UBM indians). https://www.plasticstoday.com/content/carbon-fiber-body-black-wins-design-accolade/40119326117160.[|permanent dead link|dead link}}]
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 "Automotive composites - in touch with lighter and more flexible solutions". Axon (Axon Automotive). 1 April 2013. http://www.axonautomotive.com/media/news-archive/automotive-composites--in-touch-with-lighter-and-more-flexible-solutions.
- ↑ "Huntsman Features High-Performance Materials for Fabricating Composite Parts at CAMX 2017" (Press release). The Woodlands, Texas: Huntsman Corporation. 11 December 2017. Retrieved 13 April 2018.[|permanent dead link|dead link}}]
- ↑ "How Porsche ensures the quality of its products: What do the terms cubing, exterior master jig and body-in-black mean? Insights into the production process at Porsche" (in en). Porsche News (Dr. Ing. h.c. F. Porsche AG.). 5 April 2016. https://newsroom.porsche.com/en/company/porsche-quality-production-workshop-12502.html.
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