Engineering:Femto-photography

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Schematic of the active CUSP system for 70-Tfps imaging

Femto-photography is a technique for recording the propagation of ultrashort pulses of light through a scene at a very high speed (up to 1013 frames per second). A femto-photograph is equivalent to an optical impulse response of a scene and has also been denoted by terms such as a light-in-flight recording[1] or transient image.[2][3] Femto-photography of macroscopic objects was first demonstrated using a holographic process in the 1970s by Nils Abramsson at the Royal Institute of Technology (Sweden).[1] A research team at the MIT Media Lab led by Ramesh Raskar, together with contributors from the Graphics and Imaging Lab at the Universidad de Zaragoza, Spain, more recently achieved a significant increase in image quality using a streak camera synchronized to a pulsed laser and modified to obtain 2D images instead of just a single scanline.[4][5]

In their publications, Raskar's team claims to be able to capture exposures so short that light only traverses 0.6 mm (corresponding to 2 picoseconds, or 2×10−12 seconds) during the exposure period,[6] a figure that is in agreement with the nominal resolution of the Hamamatsu streak camera model C5680,[7][8] on which their experimental setup is based.[9] Recordings taken using the setup have reached significant spread in the mainstream media, including a presentation by Raskar at TEDGlobal 2012.[10] Furthermore, the team was able to demonstrate the reconstruction of unknown objects "around corners", i.e., outside the line of sight of light source and camera, from femto-photographs.[9]

In 2013, researchers at the University of British Columbia demonstrated a computational technique that allows the extraction of transient images from time-of-flight sensor data without the need for ultrafast light sources or detectors.[11]

Other uses of the term

Prior to the aforementioned work, the term "femto-photography" had been used for certain proposed procedures in experimental nuclear physics.[12]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Abramsson, Nils (1978). "Light-in-flight recording by holography". Optics Letters 3 (4): 121–123. doi:10.1364/OL.3.000121. PMID 19684717. Bibcode: 1978OptL....3..121A. 
  2. ↑ Smith, Adam; James Skorupski; James Davis (2008). "Transient Rendering". Technical Report, School of Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz UCSC-SOE-08-26. https://tr.soe.ucsc.edu/research/technical-reports/UCSC-SOE-08-26. Retrieved 25 February 2023. 
  3. ↑ Kirmani, A.; Hutchison, T.; Davis, J.; Raskar, R. (2009). "Looking around the corner using transient imaging". 2009 IEEE 12th International Conference on Computer Vision. pp. 159–166. doi:10.1109/ICCV.2009.5459160. ISBN 978-1-4244-4420-5. 
  4. ↑ Velten, Andreas; Lawson, Everett; Bardagjy, Andrew; Bawendi, Moungi; Raskar, Ramesh (2011-12-13). "Slow art with a trillion frames per second camera". ACM SIGGRAPH 2011 Posters. Web.media.mit.edu. pp. 1. doi:10.1145/2037715.2037730. ISBN 9781450309714. http://web.media.mit.edu/~raskar/trillionfps/. Retrieved 2012-10-04. 
  5. ↑ Velten, Andreas; Di Wu; Adrian Jarabo; Belen Masia; Christopher Barsi; Chinmaya Joshi; Everett Lawson; Moungi Bawendi et al. (July 2013). "Femto-Photography: Capturing and Visualizing the Propagation of Light". ACM Transactions on Graphics 32 (4). doi:10.1145/2461912.2461928. http://giga.cps.unizar.es/~diegog/ficheros/pdf_papers/femto.pdf. Retrieved 21 November 2013. 
  6. ↑ Velten, Andreas; Lawson, Everett; Bardagjy, Andrew; Bawendi, Moungi; Raskar, Ramesh (2011). "Slow art with a trillion frames per second camera". ACM SIGGRAPH 2011 Posters. Dl.acm.org. pp. 1. doi:10.1145/2037715.2037730. ISBN 9781450309714. 
  7. ↑ Hamamatsu Corporation. "Universal Streak Camera C5680 Series - Measurements Ranging From X-Ray to Near Infrared With a Temporal Resolution of 2 ps". http://www.htmldatasheet.ru/hamamatsu/c5680.htm. Retrieved 2013-11-22. 
  8. ↑ Information from alldatasheet.com
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Velten, Andreas; Thomas Willwacher; Otkrist Gupta; Ashok Veeraraghavan; Moungi G. Bawendi; Ramesh Raskar (20 March 2012). "Recovering three-dimensional shape around a corner using ultrafast time-of-flight imaging". Nature Communications 3: 745. doi:10.1038/ncomms1747. PMID 22434188. Bibcode: 2012NatCo...3..745V. 
  10. ↑ TEDGlobal 2012. "Ramesh Raskar: Imaging at a trillion frames per second | Video on". Ted.com. http://www.ted.com/talks/ramesh_raskar_a_camera_that_takes_one_trillion_frames_per_second.html. Retrieved 2012-10-04. 
  11. ↑ Heide, Felix; Matthias B. Hullin. "Low-Budget Transient Imaging using Photonic Mixer Devices". In: ACM Trans. Graph. 32(4) (Proc. SIGGRAPH 2013). http://www.cs.ubc.ca/labs/imager/tr/2013/TransientPMD/. Retrieved 22 November 2013. 
  12. ↑ Nucleon hologram with exclusive leptoproduction. World Scientific. May 15–18, 2002. ISBN 9789812382559. https://books.google.com/books?id=R_wOkyZ2zE8C&dq=femto-photography&pg=PA87. Retrieved 4 October 2012. 




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