Engineering:Feolite
Feolite is a type of iron oxide sintered into building blocks, which are then used for heat storage.[1][2] Feolite was developed in Great Britain.[1]
Characteristics
Feolite, one of many materials used for heat storage, being a solid, does not have any volumetric or pressure containment issues, but correspondingly does require the use of a transfer medium to then get the stored heat to the desired location.[3]
The specific heat of feolite is 920.0 J·kg−1·°C−1,[4] its density is 3,900 kg·m−3, and its thermal conductivity is 2.1 W·m−1·°C−1.[5]
Feolite may be used at temperatures up to 1000 °C (1832 F).[1]
History
Feolite was invented in 1969 by Electricity Association Technology, then called Electricity Council Research Centre.[6]
Feolite was a registered trademark[lower-alpha 1] in Australia for all iron oxides for use in the manufacture of thermal storage units which has now lapsed, by Electricity Association Technology of the United Kingdom .[7]
Heating systems with a storage component now widely use feolite as the storage core.[8]
Application
Blocks of feolite enclosing sheathed electric heating elements to form a heat storage core, surrounded by thermal insulation, are used in storage heaters and storage radiators.[9][10] Because feolite blocks will conduct electricity, electric heating elements must be electrically insulated when used with feolite storage.[11]
The typical heat exchange medium for feolite storage is air.[10][12][13]
Feolite has been considered for use as a component for braking systems in railway rolling stock.[14]
Notes
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Wettermark, Gunnar (1989). "High Temperature Thermal Storage". High Temperature Storage. Springer International Publishing AG. pp. 539–549. doi:10.1007/978-94-009-2350-8_24. ISBN 978-94-010-7558-9.
- ↑ "Night Storage Heaters". Bavarian State Office for the Environment. https://translate.google.com/translate?sl=de&tl=en&u=http%3A//www.abfallratgeber.bayern.de/publikationen/doc/infoblaetter/elektrospeichheiz.pdf.[|permanent dead link|dead link}}]
- ↑ Hausz, W.; Berkowitz, B.J.; Hare, R.C. (October 1978). "CONCEPTUAL DESIGN OF THERMAL ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEMS FOR NEAR TERM ELECTRIC UTILITY APPLICATIONS". National Aeronautics and Space Administration. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/19790005325.pdf.
- ↑ Willmott, John A. (2002). Dynamics of Regenerative Heat Transfer. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 9781560323693. https://books.google.com/books?id=l3UiqRNQh2oC&q=feolite&pg=PA30. Retrieved 27 June 2016.
- ↑ L´opez, Juan Pablo Arzamendia (2013). "Materials Design Methodology Architectures for the Latent Storage in the Field of Building". INSA de Lyon. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2013ISAL0060/these.pdf.
- ↑ "Our History". Electricity Association Technology. http://www.eatechnology.com/about-us/our-history.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 "FEOLITE - 268578". Intellectual Property of Australia. http://www.ipaustralia.com.au/applicant/electricity-association-technology-limited/trademarks/268578/.
- ↑ A sample of commercial systems from around the world:
- "Olsberg - State-of-the-art Astral Static Storage Heating with European-designed Technology". Energy Efficient Products. http://www.eepl.co.nz/uploads/3/1/6/3/31631915/olsberg_astral_leaflet_eep.pdf.
- "ASTRAL - Static Storage Heaters". Opus Electrical Technologies. http://www.opuselectrical.com.cy/products/view/6.
- "Nightstor Boilers Selby". KW Grant. http://www.nightstorboilersselby.co.uk/.
- "ELECTRIC ACCUMULATION HEATING". Atlantic. https://translate.google.com.au/translate?hl=en&sl=fr&u=http://www.atlantic.fr/multi-energies/chauffage-electrique-accumulation.html&prev=search.
- Coote, Nathan; MacLeman, David (2012). "Low Carbon Networks Fund Tier 1 Project Close-Down Report – Trial evaluation of domestic demand side management". Scottish and Southern Energy Power Distribution. https://www.ofgem.gov.uk/ofgem-publications/45829/sset1003-closedown-report.pdf.
- "Storage heating with Technotherm". Devi Heating Systems. 2015. http://www.devi.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/Marketing-brochure-technotherm-night-store-heaters.pdf.
- "Nightstor Boilers". Hyndburn Engineering Services. http://www.hes.co.uk/nightstor-c-250.html.
- ↑ Frazer, Stephen. "Electrical Heaters". Building Services Engineering. http://www.arca53.dsl.pipex.com/index_files/emitters6.htm.
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 Wright, Andrew J (1997). "ELECTRIC STORAGE HEATERS IN BUILDING SIMULATION". Electricity Association Technology. http://www.ibpsa.org/proceedings/bs1997/bs97_p038.pdf.
- ↑ Hegbom, Thor (1997). Integrating Electrical Heating Elements in Product Design. Marcel Dekker. ISBN 9780824798406. https://books.google.com/books?id=JKpfn0OpXEsC&q=feolite&pg=PA195. Retrieved 27 June 2016.
- ↑ "PIONEER OF ELECTRIC HEATING ACCUMULATION - Design and manufacture Belgian since 1961". ACEC HEATING. https://translate.google.com/translate?sl=fr&tl=en&u=http%3A//www.acec-chauffage.com/concept_acec.htm.
- ↑ "The TECHNOTHERM electro storage heater". Technotherm International. http://www.technotherm.de/files/tti/downloads/prospekte-preisliste/tti_folder_sh_de_150dpi_20121201.pdf.
- ↑ McGuire, M. (1973). "Some further investigations into the use of feolite as a friction material". SPARK - Rail Safety and Standards Board. http://p.sparkrail.org/record.asp?q=PB010584.[yes|permanent dead link|dead link}}]
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