Engineering:Humvee manufacturing in China

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A Dongfeng (lit. "Eastwind") EQ2050 at the Manila International Auto Show 2013.

There are at least three Chinese automobile manufacturers building Humvee near-copies. One of these, the Dongfeng "Hanma" rely on imported U.S. made parts including Hummer H1 chassis and GM V8 6.5L diesel engines[1] Currently, these companies have the capability of making indigenous parts for these Humvee-like vehicles.

Variants

Dongfeng EQ2050

Dongfeng EQ2050 in Beijing

During the 1988 Beijing Defence Exhibition, AM General presented a M998 4x4 to the People's Liberation Army.[2] The PLA didn't show much interest to the vehicle before the events of Operation Desert Storm, which made them interested in studying the vehicle.[2] The Chinese petroleum industry purchased Hummers through American commercial sources in the mid-1990s.[2] This provided the Chinese auto makers with an opportunity to examine the vehicle closely and provided an opportunity for reverse engineering.[3] Later in 2003, the EQ2050 made its debut in a car show after a prototype was made in 2002.[2] The vehicle became the preferred candidate in 2004 with 57 vehicles sent to the PLA for trials from 2004 to 2006.[4] The first 100 EQ2050s were made with American-made parts.[3] It passed design trials in 2006.[4] EQ2050s were then delivered to PLA special forces unit in the Guangzhou Military Region.[5] It's known as Mengshi in Chinese.[1]

The EQ2050 is based on an imported AM General Hummer H1 chassis.[1] The DFM EQ2050 is powered by a Dongfeng license-built Cummins EQB150-20 110 kW/2,700R turbo-charged diesel, but it can also be fitted with the U.S.-made V8 diesel originally designed for Humvee.[1][3] Both vehicles have a 5-speed gear box and a 2-speed transfer box.[6] They are both four-wheel drive with independent suspensions and central inflating system. The EQ2050 also has re-designed lights and radiator to make it look different from the original Humvee. DFM has cooperated with AM General Motors on getting American-made parts for the first EQ2050s made.[5]

A variant of the EQ2050 called the EQ2058 was made for military purposes, which has an armored body.[2] A civilian version of the EQ2050 is being made by DFM, which will use petrol engines instead of diesel engines.[7]

The Dongfeng CSK141 is a variant first manufactured in 2014, but was shown publicly in 2015[8] and in 2016 at the Zhuhai 2016 exhibit.[9] It has been seen in the PLA Hong Kong Garrison in 2017.[10] It has an all-round protection for 7.62x39 ammo.[8] Its subvariants include the Dongfeng EQ2101, a vehicle with a 6x6 configuration with the CS VN/11 is the export version, first released in 2016, with rear doors instead of clamshell type rear doors.[8]

While the EQ2050 was adopted by the PLA, it was also adopted by People's Armed Police Fire Fighting brigades[11] and by Chinese Public Security Police forces.[3][12] It is called the Hanma, an approximation of the Chinese pronunciation of Hummer.

An airborne assault vehicle known as the CSK002 Airbone Assault Vehicle is equipped with smoke grenade dischargers, a machine gun on top and an AGL on the front passenger seat.[13][14]

A 6x6 version is known as the EQ2025, which has a 4x4 variant.[15]

There's a pickup truck version made available for transporting objects on the bed.[16]

A civilian version has been produced, known as the EQ2040H Brave Soldier.[17] So far, it has been shown in auto shows.[17]

It was previously licensed to DRB-HICOM to be marketed to countries that wish to buy it in a RHD configuration.[18]

Shenyang Aircraft Corporation SFQ2040

In 2002, Shenyang Aircraft Corporation (SAC) revealed its own Humvee clone known as SFQ2040 LieYing (Falcon).[2][4][19] The missile system, mounted on an SAC SFQ2040, is similar to the U.S. Army HMMWV-mounted Avenger air defense system.[20] SAC also emphasizes the low cost of its SFQ2040 with the price being one-third of the U.S.-made Humvee.[21] A few working prototypes were made from 2002 to 2003.[21] At least 38 vehicles were known to be made.[22]

Unlike the steel body EQ2050, the SAC SFQ2040 has an aluminum alloy body, making it much lighter than the former.[21] It uses a Cummins 4BTAA-92 turbodiesel engine.[21] SAC lost out to DFM, which resulted in an attempt to create a civilian version of the SFQ2040, but it never went into production.[21] Both vehicles have limited armor protection against small caliber weapons. The vehicles can be fitted with additional equipment such as air conditioning, GPS, night vision equipment, vehicle-mounted radio, electric winch, and multipurpose weapon mount.

Xiaolong XL2060

A third Humvee clone is the XL2060L Fierce Dragon from Xiaolong Automotive Technologies Co., Ltd.[23][24] XAT publicly rolled out the vehicles from its production lines on October 2008.[25] Trials are being conducted by the PLA in remote areas such as Tibet,[5] followed by tests in the deserts of Dubai.[26]

The XL2060L was on display at the Second Beijing International Disaster Emergency Response technology and equipment exhibition.[27]

The XL2060L was influenced from the Humvee and the Unimog.[25] It uses a Steyr diesel engine and its cost ranges from US$87,000 - $146,000.[28] Production is based from the Longyan Economic Development Zone High-tech Park in Longyan City.[29] Mass production started in early 2012.[26]

Operators

Map of HMMWV (Humvee) operators worldwide. Dark blue shows HMMWV operators, light blue shows PRC HMMWV operators
DongFeng EQ2050 of Bangladesh Army
Chinese-built CSK-131
  •  Argentina - 4 Dongfeng CSK-141 donated for use by the Argentine Federal Police.[30]
  •  Bangladesh - Bangladesh Army infantry uses Dongfeng EQ2050s.[31]
  •  Belarus - 22 Dongfeng EQ2058s donated for use by Belarusian Special Forces units.[32][33] Delivered under an act of gratuitous transfer of military assistance signed by Belarus and China on June 19, 2012 and have made public appearances on its independence day parade.[34]
  •  Central African Republic - Dongfeng EQ2050 and Dongfeng CSK131 donated in August 2018.[35]
  •  China - Dongfeng EQ2050s in service with the People's Liberation Army.[36] Also in use by People's Armed Police Fire Fighting brigades[11] and by Public Security Police forces.[3][12]
  •  Trinidad and Tobago: Six EQ2050s delivered in 2015 to the Trinidad and Tobago Defence Force.[37]
  •  Turkmenistan[31]
  •  Venezuela[31]
  •  Zimbabwe – Dongfeng EQ2050s used by the Zimbabwe Defence Forces with 100 EQ2050s bought in 2004 with more bought in 2007.[38] 300 EQ2050s in service with the ZDF.[19]

Potential operators

  •  Namibia - In 2013, the Namibia Defence Force was evaluating CS/VA1 Light Strike Vehicles for possible purchase.[39] Namibia ended up choosing the Agrale Marruá.[40]

See also

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 "Hummer-Inspired Chinese Trucks (1): Dongfeng “Hanma” (EQ-2050, 2058)". China Auto Web. Archived from the original on September 28, 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20120928174355/http://chinaautoweb.com/2010/11/hummer-inspired-chinese-trucks-1-dongfeng-hanma-eq2050-2058/. Retrieved June 14, 2013. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 "EQ2050 1.5t High Mobility Utility Vehicle". Sino Defence. March 22, 2007. Archived from the original on September 5, 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20120905072212/http://www.sinodefence.com/army/transport/eq2050.asp. Retrieved June 14, 2013. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 Tycho de Feyter (May 13, 2011). "A black Dongfeng ‘Hummer’ police car in China". http://www.carnewschina.com/2011/05/13/a-black-dongfeng-hummer-police-car-in-china/. 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 "EQ2050 Light Utility Vehicle". Sino Defence. February 13, 2009. Archived from the original on March 18, 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20130318050411/http://www.sinodefence.com/army/logistics/eq2050.asp. Retrieved June 14, 2013. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Tycho de Feyter (July 10, 2010). "Meet the Monster: Xiaolong XL2060L". Car News China. http://www.carnewschina.com/2010/07/27/meet-the-monster-xiaolong-xl2060/. Retrieved June 14, 2013. 
  6. ↑ "Dongfeng EQ-2050, 2058 Features". China Auto Web. Archived from the original on April 26, 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20130426014220/http://chinaautoweb.com/car-models/eq-20502058-from-dongfeng-motors/. Retrieved June 14, 2013. 
  7. ↑ Tycho de Feyter (June 2, 2011). "Dongfeng working on a Hummer for the People". Car News China. http://www.carnewschina.com/2011/06/02/dongfeng-working-on-a-hummer-for-the-people/. Retrieved June 14, 2013. 
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 ARG. "Dongfeng CSK141 Light Protected Vehicle - Military-Today.com". http://www.military-today.com/trucks/dongfeng_csk141.htm. Retrieved September 3, 2018. 
  9. ↑ "Zhuhai 2016: Dongfeng finally shows initiative - LWI - Land Warfare - Shephard Media". https://www.shephardmedia.com/news/landwarfareintl/zhuhai-2016-dongfeng-finally-shows-initiative/. Retrieved September 3, 2018. 
  10. ↑ "PLA to parade prowess in Hong Kong - DH - Defence Helicopter - Shephard Media". https://www.shephardmedia.com/news/defence-helicopter/pla-parade-prowess-hong-kong/. Retrieved September 3, 2018. 
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 Tycho de Feyter (August 19, 2011). "Dongfeng ‘Hummer’ Fire Bigade edition from China". Car News China. http://www.carnewschina.com/2011/08/19/dongfeng-hummer-fire-bigade-edition-from-china/. Retrieved June 14, 2013. 
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 Tycho de Feijter (April 17, 2011). "Dongfeng ‘Hummer’ police version for Shanghai". http://www.carnewschina.com/2011/04/17/dongfeng-hummer-police-version-for-shanghai/. 
  13. ↑ Tutu, Andrei (November 20, 2014). "Chinese Humvee Clone Assault Vehicles Leave Soldiers Unprotected". https://www.autoevolution.com/news/chinese-humvee-clone-assault-vehicles-leave-soldiers-unprotected-photo-gallery-89139.html. Retrieved September 3, 2018. 
  14. ↑ "Zhuhai Airshow 2014: the CSK002 Airborne Assault Vehicle - CarNewsChina.com". November 13, 2014. https://www.carnewschina.com/2014/11/13/zhuhai-airshow-2014-the-csk002-airborne-assault-vehicle/. Retrieved September 3, 2018. 
  15. ↑ "Zhuhai Airshow 2014: Dongfeng EQ2025 6X6 Armored Fighting Vehicle - CarNewsChina.com". November 17, 2014. https://www.carnewschina.com/2014/11/17/zhuhai-airshow-2014-dongfeng-eq2025-6x6-armored-fighting-vehicle/. Retrieved September 3, 2018. 
  16. ↑ "New variant of the Dongfeng EQ2050 for the Chinese army - CarNewsChina.com". July 25, 2014. https://www.carnewschina.com/2014/07/25/new-variant-of-the-dongfeng-eq2050-for-the-chinese-army/. Retrieved September 3, 2018. 
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 "Dongfeng EQ2040H Brave Soldier Concept debuts on the Beijing Auto Show - CarNewsChina.com". April 24, 2014. https://www.carnewschina.com/2014/04/24/dongfeng-eq2040h-brave-soldier-concept-debuts-on-the-beijing-auto-show/. Retrieved September 3, 2018. 
  18. ↑ "Archived copy". http://www.deftech.com.my/product4.html. 
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 "Mengshi EQ2050" (in English, French). Maquetland. Archived from the original on January 19, 2013. https://www.webcitation.org/6DmOhKGfh?url=http://www.maquetland.com/v2/index.php?page=vision&id=1056&type=photos. 
  20. ↑ James Dunnigan (May 18, 2005). "China Clones the American Avenger". Strategy Page. Archived from the original on November 15, 2006. https://web.archive.org/web/20061115210930/http://strategypage.com/dls/articles/20055180337.asp. Retrieved June 14, 2013. 
  21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 21.2 21.3 21.4 Tycho de Feijter (May 18, 2011). "SAC Falcon, the other ‘Hummer’ from China". http://www.carnewschina.com/2011/05/18/sac-falcon-the-other-hummer-from-china/. 
  22. ↑ "Shenfei SFQ2040 Off-road vehicle (#94) Made In China". http://auto-che.com/v/sfq/sfq2040-94-shenfei.html. Retrieved September 3, 2018. 
  23. ↑ "Xiaolong XL2060L - the civilian version hits the market? | Autochiny". Autochiny.pl. February 5, 2012. Archived from the original on May 7, 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20120507225744/http://www.autochiny.pl/en/Xiaolong_XL2060L-the_civilian_version_hits_the_market. Retrieved June 24, 2012. 
  24. ↑ "Keep the Children at Home: a civilian Xiaolong XL2060L from China | CarNewsChina.com - China Auto News". CarNewsChina.com. February 4, 2012. http://www.carnewschina.com/2012/02/04/keep-the-children-at-home-a-civilian-xiaolong-xl2060-from-china/. Retrieved June 24, 2012. 
  25. ↑ 25.0 25.1 "Hummer-Inspired Chinese Trucks (2): Xiao Long XL2060L". China Auto Web. Archived from the original on September 28, 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20120928140420/http://chinaautoweb.com/2010/11/hummer-inspired-chinese-trucks-2-xiao-long-xl2060l/. Retrieved June 14, 2013. 
  26. ↑ 26.0 26.1 "人民网 国产"枭龙"越野车将量产 性能或超悍马_武汉枭龙汽车技术有限公司". http://www.xiaolongauto.com/Article/detail/id/17.html. Retrieved September 3, 2018. 
  27. ↑ "2011 Beijing International Police Equipment Exhibition_Xiao Long Auto". http://en.xiaolongauto.com/Article/detail/id/69.html. Retrieved September 3, 2018. 
  28. ↑ Insider, The Auto. "Xiao Long Auto 2060L Gives China Another Hummer". http://jalopnik.com/5155237/xiao-long-auto-2060l-gives-china-another-hummer. Retrieved September 3, 2018. 
  29. ↑ "龙岩将生产越野车 - 社会 - 东南网". http://ly.fjsen.com/2015-04/05/content_15905580.htm. Retrieved September 3, 2018. 
  30. ↑ https://autoblog.com.ar/2018/11/13/llegaron-los-blindados-chinos-para-la-cumbre-del-g20-en-buenos-aires/
  31. ↑ 31.0 31.1 31.2 "A Dozen Armored Cars Better Than The Humvee". April 14, 2016. https://21stcenturyasianarmsrace.com/2016/04/14/a-dozen-armored-cars-better-than-the-humvee/#more-205396. Retrieved September 3, 2018. 
  32. ↑ James Dunnigan (July 12, 2012). "The Great Chinese Hummer Give-Away". Archived from the original on March 10, 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20130310104101/http://www.strategypage.com/dls/articles/The-Great-Chinese-Hummer-Give-Away-7-22-2012.asp. Retrieved June 14, 2013. 
  33. ↑ "China donates 22 off-roaders to Belarusian Army". Belarusian Telegraph Agency. June 20, 2012. Archived from the original on June 30, 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20120630145853/http://news.belta.by/en/news/society?id=685173. Retrieved January 18, 2013. 
  34. ↑ "China to provide the Defense Ministry of Belarus 22 armored vehicles". The China Times. Archived from the original on January 19, 2013. https://www.webcitation.org/6DmDYJgdE?url=http://www.thechinatimes.com/online/2012/06/4042.html. 
  35. ↑ de Cherisey, Erwan (17 August 2018). "Central African military receives new equipment". Paris. Archived from the original on 18 August 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180818141729/https://www.janes.com/article/82440/central-african-military-receives-new-equipment. Retrieved 22 August 2018. 
  36. ↑ "EQ2050 Light Utility Vehicle". Sino Defence. February 13, 2009. Archived from the original on October 27, 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20121027152538/http://www.sinodefence.com/army/logistics/eq2050.asp. Retrieved January 18, 2013. 
  37. ↑ http://armyrecognition.com/june_2015_global_defense_security_news_uk/china_delivers_20_mengshi_4×4_army_light_utility_vehicle_to_trinidad_and_tobago_32506152.html
  38. ↑ "EQ2050". Archived from the original on April 23, 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20120423103305/http://www.zimbabwedefence.com/EQ2050.html. Retrieved January 18, 2013. 
  39. ↑ Oscar Nkala (November 29, 2012). "Namibia evaluating Chinese Humvee clone - reports". Defence Web. Archived from the original on January 19, 2013. https://www.webcitation.org/6DmPLGRIy?url=http://www.defenceweb.co.za/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=28713&Itemid=105. Retrieved January 18, 2013. 
  40. ↑ Martin, Guy. "Namibia Defence Force orders Marrua vehicles - defenceWeb". http://www.defenceweb.co.za/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=37339:namibia-defence-force-orders-marrua-vehicles&catid=50:Land&Itemid=105. Retrieved September 3, 2018. 

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