Engineering:Ilyushin Il-80
| Il-80 | |
|---|---|
.jpg) An Il-80 being spotted in 2012. | |
| General information | |
| Manufacturer | Ilyushin |
| Management and usage | Russian Aerospace Forces |
| Number built | 4 |
| History | |
| Introduction date | 1992 |
| First flight | 5 March 1987 |
| Developed from | Ilyushin Il-86[1] |
The Ilyushin Il-80 (NATO reporting name: Maxdome) is a Russian airborne command and control aircraft modified from the Ilyushin Il-86 airliner.[1]
Development
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The Ilyushin Il-80 has the NATO reporting name Maxdome[2] (though some sources claim it uses the reporting name Camber, like the Il-86 passenger jet).[2] The Russian reporting name for the aircraft is Aimak, or Eimak (Mongolian for "clan").[2] The aircraft is believed to have first flown in the summer of 1985 from Pridacha Airport in Voronezh,[3] with the first post-modification flight taking place on March 5, 1987, and deliveries starting later that year.[2][4] In all, four aircraft are known to have been converted from Il-86s.[2] They were registered CCCP-86146 through 86149, and were first observed by western photographers in 1992.[4]
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Heavily modified from the Ilyushin Il-86 which all aircraft are former retired Aeroflot Il-86, the Il-80 (also referred to as the Il-86VKP) is meant to be used as an airborne command center for Russian officials, including the President, in the event of nuclear war.[2] The role of the Ilyushin Il-80 is similar to that of the Boeing E-4B.[5] The Il-80 has no external windows (save those in the cockpit), to shield it from a nuclear blast and nuclear electromagnetic pulse.[4] Only the upper deck forward door on the left and the aft door on the right remain from the standard design.[2] There is only one airstair door, instead of three. An unusual baffle blocks the aft cockpit windows. This may serve to block EMP or RF pulses.[2]
Unlike the standard Il-86 airliner, the Il-80 has two electrical generator pods mounted inboard of the engine nacelles.[2] Each pod is approximately 9.5 metres (32 feet) long and 1.3 metres (4 feet) in diameter.[2] Both pods include landing lights.[2]
Like the E-4B, the aircraft has a dorsal SATCOM canoe, believed to house advanced satellite communications equipment,[2][4] and a trailing wire antenna mounted in the lower aft fuselage for very low frequency (VLF) radio transmission and reception (likely for communication with ballistic missile submarines).[2][4]
Replacement
When the present upgrades have reached the end of their life, it is expected that a new airborne command post, based on the Ilyushin Il-96-400M commercial aircraft and delivered as the so-called Doomsday plane, will replace them.[6]
Operation
Upon completion, all four Il-80s were delivered to the 8th Special Purposes Aviation Division at the Chkalovsky Airbase near Moscow.[2]
As of 2011 three Il-80s remain in service.[2] They are painted in the classic livery of Aeroflot, the Russian state airline; and carry international civilian registrations RA-86147, RA-86148, and RA-86149.[2] The first Il-80, registration RA-86146, has been photographed without engines and is apparently out of service.[2] As of 2011 the Il-80s remain based at Chkalovsky Airbase, located 30 km (19 mi) northeast of Moscow.[2] The aircraft are rarely observed in operation, though at least one was seen at an air show.[2]
In December 2020, Russian media reported that radio communication equipment had been stolen from one of the Il-80s while it was undergoing maintenance.[7][1]
Operators
Russia
- Russian Aerospace Forces - 8th Special Purpose Aviation Division, Chkalovsky Airport
Similar aircraft
See also
- Doomsday plane
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 "Thieves target Russia's nuclear war 'doomsday' plane". December 8, 2020. http://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/dec/08/thieves-target-russia-nuclear-war-doomsday-plane.
- ↑ 2.00 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.08 2.09 2.10 2.11 2.12 2.13 2.14 2.15 2.16 2.17 2.18 "Il-80 / Il-86VKP / Il-87 Maxdome". https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/russia/il-87.htm.
- ↑ "Самолет Судного дня из России — Ил-80". gunsfriend.ru. https://gunsfriend.ru/il-80-samolet-sudnogo-dna-vozdusnyj-komandnyj-punkt-istoria-sozdania-konstrukcia-harakteristiki/. Retrieved 2025-03-29.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 Taylor, Michael J.H. Brassey's World Aircraft & Systems Directory 1999-2000, 2000. ISBN 1-85753-245-7, pg. 156.
- ↑ Rendall, David. Jane's Aircraft Recognition Guide, 2nd edition, 1999. ISBN 0-00-472212-4, pg. 154.
- ↑ "Источник: новый самолет "судного дня" построят на базе Ил-96-400М". 2020-10-14. https://tass.ru/armiya-i-opk/9709963.
- ↑ "В Ростовской области обокрали "самолет Судного дня"" (in ru). RIA Novosti. 2020-12-07. https://ria.ru/20201207/krazha-1588083597.html.
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