Engineering:Indo-European smith god
| Smith God | |
|---|---|
| Equivalents | |
| Greek equivalent | Hephaestus, Daedalus |
| Roman equivalent | Vulcan |
| Norse equivalent | Wayland the Smith |
| Slavic equivalent | Svarog |
| Hinduism equivalent | Tvastr |
| Hittite equivalent | Hasameli |
| Irish equivalent | Goibniu |
The Proto-Indo-Europeans had a smith god in their pantheon.[1][2] Although the name of a particular smith god cannot be linguistically reconstructed.[3] Smith gods occur in nearly every Indo-European culture, with examples including the Hittite Hasammili, the Vedic Tvastr, the Greek Hephaestus, the Germanic Wayland, the Irish Goibniu, the Lithuanian Teliavelis and the Ossetian Kurdalagon and the Slavic Svarog.[1][2] Mallory notes that "deities specifically concerned with particular craft specializations may be expected in any ideological system whose people have achieved an appropriate level of social complexity".[4]
Crafting the weapon of the main god
Nonetheless, two motifs recur frequently in Indo-European traditions: the making of the chief god's distinctive weapon (Indra’s and Zeus’ bolt; Lugh’s spear) by a special artificer[5]
Such weapons include Indra's Vajra in Hindu mythology[6][7][8] made by Tvastar,[9] Ukko's Ukonvasara in Finnish mythology,[lower-alpha 1][6][7][8] Thor's Mjolnir in Norse mythology[6][7][8] and Perkwunos' *meld-n-.[10][11] or *h₂ekmōn.[lower-alpha 2]
Drinking
The craftsman god is associated with the immortals’ drinking.[5]
Lameness
Smith mythical figures share other characteristics in common. Hephaestus, the Greek god of blacksmiths, and Wayland the Smith, a nefarious blacksmith from Germanic mythology, are both described as lame.[13]
Escape from the island
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Additionally, Wayland the Smith and the Greek mythical inventor Daedalus both escape imprisonment on an island by fashioning sets of mechanical wings and using them to fly away.[14][15]
See Also
Notes
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 West 2007, pp. 154–156.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Jakobson 1985, p. 26.
- ↑ Mallory & Adams 2006, p. 410.
- ↑ Mallory & Adams 1997, p. 139.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 West 2007, p. 157.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Thomas Berry (1996). Religions of India: Hinduism, Yoga, Buddhism. Columbia University Press. pp. 20–21. ISBN 978-0-231-10781-5. https://archive.org/details/religionsofindia00berr.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 T. N. Madan (2003). The Hinduism Omnibus. Oxford University Press. p. 81. ISBN 978-0-19-566411-9. https://books.google.com/books?id=EUsqAAAAYAAJ.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 Sukumari Bhattacharji (2015). The Indian Theogony. Cambridge University Press. pp. 280–281. https://books.google.com/books?id=lDc9AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA280.
- ↑ Rigveda 1.32, translated by Ralph T. H. Griffith
- ↑ West 2007, p. 251.
- ↑ Watkins 1995, p. 429.
- ↑ Le Quellec 1996, p. 292.
- ↑ West 2007, p. 156.
- ↑ West 2007, p. 155.
- ↑ "Those Magnificent Men in their Flying Machines: Typological Perspectives on Wayland and Daedalus | IASH". https://www.iash.ed.ac.uk/event/those-magnificent-men-their-flying-machines-typological-perspectives-wayland-and-daedalus.
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- Mallory, James P.; Adams, Douglas Q. (1997). Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture. London: Routledge. ISBN 978-1-884964-98-5. https://books.google.com/books?id=tzU3RIV2BWIC.
- Mallory, James P.; Adams, Douglas Q. (2006). The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-929668-2. https://books.google.com/books?id=tF5wAAAAIAAJ.
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