Engineering:Plug-in electric vehicles in New Zealand

From HandWiki

The adoption of plug-in electric vehicles in New Zealand is driven by incentives and policies devised by the New Zealand Government. The monetary incentives include electric vehicle discounts, exemptions from road user charges and electric vehicle sales targets.[1][2][3][4]

Tesla Model 3 for $68,732 (before EV discount) was the second most popular vehicle sold in New Zealand in September 2021.[5][6] The Tesla Model 3 was also the most popular electric vehicle sold in New Zealand in 2021.[7]
MG ZS is New Zealand's second most popular electric vehicle in 2021.[7]
Hyundai Kona Electric is New Zealand's third most popular electric vehicle in 2021.[7]
Electric vehicle charger in New Zealand

Electric vehicle ownership

As of September 2021, there are 32,780 electric vehicles in New Zealand.[5] In September 2021, New Zealand's electric vehicle registrations reached 12.5% of new car sales.[8] This was an increase from electric vehicles representing 6.45% of new car sales in July 2021.[1] Furthermore, new passenger vehicle sales also consisted of 11.8% electric vehicle registrations in July 2021.[1] Approximately 43% of the BEVs and PHEVs sold in New Zealand in September 2021, were pure-electric vehicles.[6] September 2021 was also the first month in which pure-electric vehicles had outsold hybrid vehicles in New Zealand.[6] In fact, 21% of all vehicle sales in September 2021 had some form of electrification.[5] New Zealand had originally aimed for 2% of all new vehicle sales to be EVs by the end of 2021, or have a minimum of 64,000 electric vehicle sales yearly.[5] 1 in 5 car sales in September 2021 were electric vehicles in New Zealand.[5]

The New Zealand Government also have a target for 50% of all light vehicle registrations by 2029 to be electric vehicles, and 100% by 2035.[9] The New Zealand Government have stated they are considering banning the sale of petrol and diesel vehicles by 2050.[10] Petrol and diesel vehicle imports are also expected to be banned from 2035.[9] This is despite the Climate Commission recommending banning petrol and diesel cars by 2032.[9] Higher parking fees, congestion charges and road pricing are also being considered by the government to increase EV adoption.[10]

In 2020 and 2021, New Zealand's most popular electric cars were the Tesla Model 3, Hyundai Kona Electric, Nissan Leaf and the MG ZS EV.[11][12] Tesla is also one of the top five best selling car manufacturers in New Zealand.[6] While in September 2021, the Tesla Model 3 was the second most popular vehicle sold in New Zealand overall.[7] The Tesla Model 3 has been the highest selling EV in New Zealand since 2019.[13]

In 2020 there were more EVs in New Zealand than Australia, despite Australia having five times the population of New Zealand.[4] 26,000 EVs were registered in New Zealand in 2020 and the government plan to have an additional 60,000 electric vehicles on New Zealand roads by 2023.[4] However, in 2019 New Zealand planned to have 64,000 electric vehicle in the country by 2021, when it was projected New Zealand would reach 100% electric vehicle sales by 2030.[2] As of 2021, New Zealand plan to lead Asia in electric vehicle adoption and through having the highest EV market share of new car sales by 2029.[3] New Zealand has also be called "The Norway of the Pacific" for the country's high EV uptake.[8] New Zealand plan for 30,000 EVs to be sold in 2025.[3] 30% of New Zealand’s light vehicle fleet is planned to be electric by 2035.[14] The Government also target to reduce car travel by 20% by 2035.[8]

(As of December 2020), about 23,900 light-duty plug-in electric vehicles were registered in New Zealand. The majority of the fleet consists of used imports from Japan and the UK. The most popular model by far is the Nissan Leaf, with 11,800 registered.[15]

New Zealand's Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern drives a Hyundai IONIQ and drove Stephen Colbert in it when he was touring New Zealand.[16]

In September 2021, it was reported that year-to-date Lexus electrified sales accounted for 69% of total sales in New Zealand.[17]

Government Incentives

In July 2019, the government proposed their original Clean Car Discount of up to $8,000 NZD on purchases of new zero-emissions vehicles, coupled with a proposed charge of up to $3,000 NZD for new vehicles that emit more than 250g of carbon dioxide per kilometre.[3] A used EV can also be subsidised up to $3450 and a used PHEV up to $2300.[5]

The New Zealand Government launched an Electric Vehicle Programme in May 2016, in order to encourage EV uptake.[18] Electric vehicles in New Zealand are exempt from road user charges until at least 31 December 2021,[19] and pay the lower petrol rates for ACC levies on motor vehicle licensing.[20] EV owners can also access bus lanes and get preferential parking.[3] There are also subsidies for public EV charger networks.[5] New Zealand also proposed a “cash for clunkers” scheme, incentivising low-income drivers to trade their petrol or diesel cars for a discounted electric vehicle.[14]

Light EV fleet size in New Zealand[15]
Type 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
New PHEVs 11 224 451 779 1,199 1,939 2,880 3,626
New BEVs 99 138 205 581 1,263 2,003 3,860 5,368
Used PHEVs 0 2 15 116 456 897 1,544 2,238
Used BEVs 5 15 321 1,013 3,227 6,799 10,241 12,645
Total EVs 163 489 992 2,489 6,145 11,638 18,525 23,877

Electric vehicles available in New Zealand

Company Name Type Body Available Price

(before EV subsidies)

Driving range Image Notes
Tesla Model 3[6] BEV 4 Door Sedan 2019 $66,900 - $77,990[21] 448 – 508 km[22] 580 – 657 km (NEDC est.)[23]

567 – 628 km (NEDC est.)[23]

Tesla Model S[24] BEV 4 Door Sedan(Saloon) 2014 $159,990[21] 713 km range (NEDC)

671 km range (NEDC)

The frontview of TESLA MODEL S P100D.jpg
Tesla Model X[25] BEV 5 Door SUV 2016 $174,990[21] 580 km range (NEDC)

553 km range (NEDC)

Tesla Model X 24.06.19 JM.jpg
Hyundai IONIQ[26] BEV 5 Door Hatchback/Sedan Dec 2018 $65,990[21] 311 km range[27] 274 km RWR[27] Hyundai Ioniq Plug-in (16).JPG
MG ZS EV[6] BEV SUV 2020 $48,990[21] 263 km - 440 km range[28] MG ZS 1.5 2018 (40502905592).jpg
Hyundai(facelift) KONA[6] BEV 5 Door SUV 2021 $69,990[21] SR = 305 km[29] LR = 484 km[30] Hyundai Kona Electric FL IMG 3914.jpg
Kia Kia E-Niro[31] BEV SUV mid-May 2021[32] $77,990[21] 455 – 485 km range[33][34] Kia E-Niro - Mondial de l'Automobile de Paris 2018 - 001.jpg
Nissan Leaf[11] BEV 5 Door Hatchback/Sedan 2011 $59,990[35] 270 km range[36] 2018 Nissan Leaf Tekna Front.jpg V2G technology available by late 2021[37]
Renault ZOE BEV 2021 $63,990[38] 395 km range[38] 2018 Renault ZOE.jpg
Hyundai Ioniq 5 BEV 5 Door SUV 2021 in New Zealand[39][40] $79,990[21] 370 km (entry level)[39] 386 km - 470 km[41][42] Hyundai Ioniq 5 NE Grey (5).jpg (with bi-directional charging capability and “Vehicle-to-Load”)[43][44] offer “vehicle-to-load” (V2L) which allows owners to charge devices or their home from their vehicles[45]
Mazda MX-30[46] BEV SUV July 2021[47] 200 km - 224 km[48] 2021 Mazda MX-30 (Green Plate).jpg
Mini Cooper SE hatchback[49] BEV Hatchback 2019[50] $60,400[21] 233 km[51] Mini Hatch (F56) Electric IMG 2679.jpg
Kia Electric e-Soul[21] BEV 2020 (grey import only)[52] Q4 2021 (directly from kia dealerships) ($35,000+ NZD Imported)[53] 455 – 485 km range[33][34] 2020 Kia e-Soul au SIAM 2020.jpg
Volkswagen e-Golf[12] BEV $69,490[21] VW e-Golf 19.07.19 JM.jpg
Volvo All-electric XC40 BEV SUV June 2021 $84,990[54] 418 km[55] Volvo XC40, Volvo Studio Stockholm, 2019 (01).jpg Manufactured in Belgium[56] 3 year 100,000-kilometre service wear and tear plan[55] 8 year battery warranty and roadside assistance[55]
Mercedes-Benz EQA SUV BEV SUV June 2021[57] $85,500[58] 480 km[57] 2021 Mercedes-Benz EQA.jpg
Mitsubishi iMiEV[21] BEV 5 Door Hatchback July 2010 $12,000[21] 160 km range 2011 NRMA Roadside Assist Imiev Electric Patrol Car - NRMA Drivers Seat - Flickr - NRMA New Cars.jpg
Jaguar I-PACE[12] BEV 5 Door SUV 2019 $159,900[21] 470 km range[59] Jaguar I-Pace IMG 0491.jpg
Mercedes-Benz EQC[12] BEV SUV Medium 2019 $143,000[21] 434 km range[60] Mercedes-Benz EQC 400, GIMS 2019, Le Grand-Saconnex (GIMS1262).jpg
Audi E-tron[12] BEV SUV mid-2020 $170,500[21] 500 km+ Audi e-tron 55 quattro IAA 2019 JM 0502.jpg
Porsche Taycan

Taycan Cross Turismo 4S

BEV Sedan

Wagon

mid-2020 $203,900[61] 420 km

425 km

Porsche Taycan 4S IMG 3526.jpg
BMW i3 / i3s[12] BEV 5 Door Hatchback 2014 $78,700[21] 260 km range (2020)[62] 246 km range (2019)[63] HEV (Range extender) option was available until 2018[64]
Nissan e-NV200[65][21] BEV Van 2014 $20,000-$50,000[21] 200 km range[66] 2012 Geneva Auto Show - Nissan ENV200 (6974911839).jpg
Renault Kangoo[67][21] BEV Van 2019 $63,990[21] 200 km range[68] 2014 Renault Kangoo (X61 Phase 2) Maxi van (2015-06-03) 01.jpg
LDV EV80 LDV EV80[21] BEV Van $57,000[21] LDV Maxus (32654977538).jpg

Electric vehicles planned for release in New Zealand

Company Name Type Available Price Range Image
Peugeot e-2008 BEV Already available for order in New Zealand and delivered in late 2021[69] $69,990 before subsidy[70] 320 km 2020 Peugeot e-2008 GT Line.jpg
Peugeot e-208 BEV Already available for order in New Zealand and delivered in late 2021[69] $59,990 before subsidy[70] 275 km - 340 km[71] 2020 Peugeot e-208 Allure Front.jpg
Volvo Polestar 2 BEV November 2021[72][73] $59,900 AUD entry-level model with 440 km[73]$75,000 AUD Long range Single motor variant (500 km)[74]$82,000 AUD Long range Dual motor variant (500 km)[74]

Subscription model to launch[73]

440 km – 560 km[74](528 km) Polestar 2, GIMS 2019, Le Grand-Saconnex (GIMS0552).jpg
Ford Ford E-Transit BEV coming to New Zealand in 2022[53][75] above $75,000[76] 350 km 2014 Ford Transit (VO) 350E van (2015-06-03) 01.jpg
Kia EV6 BEV confirmed for New Zealand[77] Kia EV6.png
Skoda Enyaq iV[78] BEV confirmed for New Zealand in 2023[79][80][72] $60,747 estimate[78] 340 – 510 km[81] Skoda Enyaq IMG 4131.jpg
Lexus UX300e BEV Likely Q4 November 2021[82] below $80,000[17] 400 km[83] Lexus UX 300e (KMA10) IMG 4018.jpg
Tesla Model Y BEV Likely 2022[84][72] SR = $54,500 - $56,500[85] SR+ = $63,145 - $65,993 (based on Hong Kong RHD price)[86][87][88][89][90] LR = $64,780 - $82,903 (based on Hong Kong RHD price)[86][87][41][91] P = $94,397 (based on Hong Kong RHD price)[86] SR = 455 km [85] SR+ = 507 km

LR = 542 km [88]

P = 528 km

2020 Tesla Model Y, front 8.1.20.jpg
Volkswagen(Cupra) Cupra Born BEV Likely 2022 for New Zealand and Australia[92][93][94][95][96][72] $50,000 base model[96][97] 420 km - 500 km[92] 2021 Cupra Born front view 02.png
Volkswagen ID.4 SUV

V2G available from 2022[45]

BEV Likely early 2023 for New Zealand and Australia[98][99][72] under $50,000 for base model or up to $57,847 or $60,000[90][98][100] 520 km Volkswagen ID.4 X 006.jpg
Volkswagen ID.3

V2G available from 2022[45]

BEV 2022–2023[98] Volkswagen Australia is believed to be seeking to secure ID prioritisation for Australia.[99][72] $40,000 - $45,000[98]$45,000 - $49,000 ("mid-to-high $40,000 range")[99] 330 km-550 km Volkswagen ID.3 IMG 3484.jpg
Volvo C40 Recharge

(manufactured in Belgium)[101]

BEV Likely late 2022[101] estimate of $80,000

EV subscription service likely[102]

420 km Volvo C40 fl.jpg
Porsche Macan EV BEV Expected for New Zealand in 2023[72] Porsche Macan, Paris Motor Show 2018, Paris (1Y7A1098).jpg
Nissan Ariya EV SUV BEV unconfirmed but possibly 2022[103] pre-orders from 2022[104][72] $65,000 - $78,200[104] 580 km - 610 km Nissan Ariya, left front, Nissan Gallery HQ, 2021.jpg
Mercedes-Benz EQB SUV[105] BEV 2022 or end of 2021[105][72] $85,000[106] 419 km[106] 2021 Mercedes-Benz EQA.jpg
Audi E-tron S BEV Q3 2021[107] 360 km Audi e-tron S Sportback IMG 4877.jpg
Audi RS e-Tron GT BEV October 2021[108] 431–488 km 2021 Audi e-tron GT RS - front left.jpg
BMW iX3[21] BEV November 2021[109][110] 460 km[109] BMW iX3 001.jpg
BMW iX[21] BEV Q3 or Q4 2021[111] 425 km - 630 km[112] BMW IX 1.jpg
BMW i4 grand coupe BEV Q1 2022 up to 590 km BMW Concept i4.png
Mercedes-Benz EQS Sedan[113] BEV December 2021[114] Mercedes-Benz EQS 001.jpg
BYD Yuan Plus BEV confirmed for New Zealand in 2022[115] BYD Yuan Plus IMG001.jpg
Rivian R1T double-cab pick-up ute BEV Already in New Zealand and environmental testing underway[116]

Confirmed for Australia and possibly 2022[117]

$93,000[118] 482 km Debut of the Rivian R1T pickup at the 2018 Los Angeles Auto Show, November 27, 2018.jpg
Rivian R1S family SUV BEV Already in New Zealand and environmental testing underway[116]

confirmed for Australia and possibly 2022[117][119]

$96,000[120] 643 km Debut of the Rivian R1S SUV at the 2018 Los Angeles Auto Show, November 27, 2018.jpg
Toyota Toyota BZ4X Concept BEV To be confirmed for late 2022 or early 2023[72] $50,000 estimate[121] Osaka Auto Messe 2014 (218) Toyota HARRIER G SPORTS Concept.JPG

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 "New Zealand marks 5,850 EV sales so far in 2021" (in en-US). 2021-08-04. https://www.electrive.com/2021/08/04/new-zealand-marks-5850-ev-sales-so-far-in-2021/. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Parkinson, Giles (2019-04-12). "New Zealand tipped to reach 100% electric vehicle sales by 2030" (in en-US). https://thedriven.io/2019/04/12/new-zealand-tipped-to-reach-100-electric-vehicle-sales-by-2030/. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 January 14; Opinion, 2021 |; Perspective (2021-01-14). "New Zealand's EV Market Gets A Boost With New Government Directive - REGlobal - Opinion & Perspective" (in en-US). https://reglobal.co/new-zealands-ev-market-gets-a-boost-with-new-government-directive/. 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Fernyhough, James (2021-05-06). "Siemens signs deal to bring EV charging equipment to New Zealand" (in en-US). https://thedriven.io/2021/05/06/siemens-signs-deal-to-bring-ev-charging-equipment-to-new-zealand/. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 "Record September for NZ new vehicle sales - and 1 in 5 is electric" (in en-NZ). https://www.nzherald.co.nz/business/record-september-for-nz-new-vehicle-sales-and-1-in-5-is-electric/NJVRMO6C3EECD7PY7YGMRZS43I/. 
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 HUNTER, GoAutoMedia-CALLUM. "NZ Sales: Tesla charges up sales charts" (in en). https://www.goauto.com.au/news/nz-sales/nz-sales-tesla-charges-up-sales-charts/2021-10-05/86043.html. 
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 "These are the most popular electric and electrified vehicles in NZ" (in en). 2021-04-07. https://www.stuff.co.nz/motoring/evs/124764306/these-are-the-most-popular-electric-and-electrified-vehicles-in-nz. 
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 Waterworth, David (2021-10-15). "Will New Zealand Become the Norway of the Pacific?" (in en-US). https://cleantechnica.com/2021/10/15/will-new-zealand-become-the-norway-of-the-pacific/. 
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 "New Zealand unveils $8,600 subsidy for electric vehicles to reduce emissions" (in en). 2021-06-14. http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2021/jun/14/new-zealand-unveils-8600-subsidy-for-electric-vehicles-to-reduce-emissions. 
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 "Government could ban fuel-burning cars by 2050, with imports ending 2035" (in en). 2021-05-14. https://www.stuff.co.nz/environment/climate-news/125133843/government-could-ban-fuelburning-cars-by-2050-with-imports-ending-2035. 
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 "Revealed: NZ's top five best-selling electric cars of 2020" (in en). https://www.autocar.co.nz/autocar-news-app/revealed-nz-s-top-five-best-selling-electric-cars-of-2020. 
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 12.3 12.4 12.5 sale, David Linklater • 08/06/2020 Search Driven for vehicles for. "Electric vehicles in New Zealand: What can you buy?". https://www.driven.co.nz/news/electric-vehicles-in-new-zealand-what-can-you-buy/. 
  13. ↑ Parkinson, Giles (2019-10-03). "Tesla Model 3 outsells total of all other new electric cars in New Zealand" (in en-US). https://thedriven.io/2019/10/03/tesla-model-3-outsells-total-of-all-other-new-electric-cars-in-new-zealand/. 
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 Vorrath, Sophie (2021-10-14). "New Zealand flags "cash for clunkers" scheme to drive shift to EVs" (in en-US). https://thedriven.io/2021/10/14/new-zealand-flags-cash-for-clunkers-scheme-to-drive-shift-to-evs/. 
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 "Monthly electric and hybrid light vehicle tables". Ministry of Transport New Zealand. http://transport.govt.nz/research/newzealandvehiclefleetstatistics/monthly-electric-and-hybrid-light-vehicle-registrations-2/. 
  16. ↑ Parkinson, Giles (2020-04-07). "New Zealand posts smallest rise in EV sales for a year" (in en-US). https://thedriven.io/2020/04/07/new-zealand-posts-smallest-rise-in-ev-sales-for-a-year/. 
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 "Lexus' first EV is arriving soon for less than $80k" (in en). 2021-09-20. https://www.stuff.co.nz/motoring/126437544/lexus-first-ev-is-arriving-soon-for-less-than-80k. 
  18. ↑ "Electric Vehicles". Ministry of Transport New Zealand. 3 October 2016. http://transport.govt.nz/ourwork/climatechange/electric-vehicles/. 
  19. ↑ "Electric vehicles | Ministry of Transport". https://www.transport.govt.nz/multi-modal/climatechange/electric-vehicles/. 
  20. ↑ "Paying levies if you own or drive a vehicle". https://www.acc.co.nz/about-us/how-levies-work/paying-levies-if-you-own-or-drive-a-vehicle/. 
  21. ↑ 21.00 21.01 21.02 21.03 21.04 21.05 21.06 21.07 21.08 21.09 21.10 21.11 21.12 21.13 21.14 21.15 21.16 21.17 21.18 21.19 21.20 21.21 21.22 21.23 21.24 "EV Models and Where to Buy | Drive Electric". https://driveelectric.org.nz/individuals/ev-models-and-where-to-buy/. 
  22. ↑ Schmidt, Bridie (2021-01-16). "Tesla Model 3 order page update hints at China-made version" (in en-US). https://thedriven.io/2021/01/16/tesla-model-3-order-page-update-hints-at-china-made-version/. 
  23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 Guthrie, Susannah (2020-10-19). "2020 Tesla Model 3: Price drops by up to $7k, spec upgrade for Aus" (in en-au). https://www.drive.com.au/news/2020-tesla-model-3-price-drops-by-up-to-7000-spec-upgrade-for-australian-models-124418. 
  24. ↑ "Model S" (in en-NZ). https://www.tesla.com/models. 
  25. ↑ "Model X" (in en-NZ). https://www.tesla.com/modelx. 
  26. ↑ "IONIQ Electric Vehicle" (in en). https://www.hyundai.co.nz/electric-cars/ioniq-ev. 
  27. ↑ 27.0 27.1 "2020 Hyundai Ioniq Electric - Price, Specs, Range and News" (in en-US). 2019-11-20. https://thedriven.io/model/hyundai-ioniq-electric-2020/. 
  28. ↑ Schmidt, Bridie (2021-10-08). "MG reveals longer range option and facelift for ZS EV, and it is coming to Australia" (in en-US). https://thedriven.io/2021/10/08/mg-reveals-longer-range-option-and-facelift-for-zs-ev-and-it-is-coming-to-australia/. 
  29. ↑ Schmidt, Bridie (2021-08-19). "Hyundai launches cheaper short-range Kona Electric and drops long-range price" (in en-US). https://thedriven.io/2021/08/19/hyundai-launches-cheaper-short-range-kona-electric-and-drops-long-range-price/. 
  30. ↑ Schmidt, Bridie (2021-04-07). "Hyundai unveils 2021 Kona Electric pricing, with longer range and design tweaks" (in en-US). https://thedriven.io/2021/04/07/hyundai-unveils-2021-kona-electric-pricing-with-longer-range-and-design-tweaks/. 
  31. ↑ "Niro EV · Movement that inspires" (in en-US). https://www.kia.co.nz/vehicles/niro-ev/. 
  32. ↑ Schmidt, Bridie (2021-04-28). "Kia e-Niro compact electric SUV spotted ahead of mid-May launch" (in en-US). https://thedriven.io/2021/04/28/kia-e-niro-compact-electric-suv-spotted-ahead-of-mid-may-launch/. 
  33. ↑ 33.0 33.1 Schmidt, Bridie (2021-01-11). "Kia finally secures all-electric e-Niro for Australia" (in en-US). https://thedriven.io/2021/01/11/kia-finally-secures-all-electric-e-niro-for-australia/. 
  34. ↑ 34.0 34.1 "Kia e-Niro and e-Soul 2019 Review – International". https://www.carsales.com.au/editorial/details/kia-e-niro-and-e-soul-2019-review-international-120651/. 
  35. ↑ "Lowest to highest: every new EV you can buy in NZ in 2020" (in en). 2020-05-01. https://www.stuff.co.nz/motoring/120826915/lowest-to-highest-every-new-ev-you-can-buy-in-nz-in-2020. 
  36. ↑ "Nissan Leaf 2020 review: long term" (in en). https://www.carsguide.com.au/ev/nissan-leaf-2020-review-long-term-77307. 
  37. ↑ Fernyhough, James (2021-05-12). "Nissan Leaf owners could start feeding energy into grid by end of year" (in en-US). https://thedriven.io/2021/05/12/nissan-leaf-owners-could-start-feeding-into-grid-by-end-of-year/. 
  38. ↑ 38.0 38.1 sale, David Linklater • 19/08/2021 Search Driven for Renault for. "Longer range Renault Zoe becomes one of NZ's cheapest Battery Electric Vehicles". https://www.driven.co.nz/news/longer-range-renault-zoe-becomes-one-of-nz-s-cheapest-battery-electric-vehicles/. 
  39. ↑ 39.0 39.1 Schmidt, Bridie (2021-06-16). "Hyundai unveils pricing for new electric Ioniq 5 range in NZ" (in en-US). https://thedriven.io/2021/06/16/hyundai-unveils-pricing-for-new-electric-ioniq-5-range-in-nz/. 
  40. ↑ Schmidt, Bridie (2021-06-25). "Hyundai Ioniq 5 impresses at local government gathering, shows off V2L" (in en-US). https://thedriven.io/2021/06/25/hyundai-ioniq-5-impresses-at-local-government-gathering-shows-off-v2l/. 
  41. ↑ 41.0 41.1 Parkinson, Giles (2021-04-02). "Preview: Why the new Ioniq 5 heralds a step change in electric vehicles" (in en-US). https://thedriven.io/2021/04/02/preview-why-the-new-ioniq-5-heralds-a-step-change-in-electric-vehicles/. 
  42. ↑ "Hyundai Ioniq 5 pricing announced, less than Tesla Model 3" (in en-US). 2021-05-10. https://thedriven.io/2021/05/10/hyundai-ioniq-5-pricing-announced-less-than-tesla-model-3/. 
  43. ↑ "Electric cars coming to Australia in 2021" (in en). https://www.mynrma.com.au/cars-and-driving/news/electric-cars-coming-to-australia-in-2021. 
  44. ↑ Schmidt, Bridie (2021-03-25). "Top six electric cars coming to Australia in 2021" (in en-US). https://thedriven.io/2021/03/25/top-six-electric-cars-coming-to-australia-in-2021/. 
  45. ↑ 45.0 45.1 45.2 Schmidt, Bridie (2021-04-07). "Volkswagen wants to stabilise grid by adding V2G in all its electric cars" (in en-US). https://thedriven.io/2021/04/07/volkswagen-wants-to-stabilise-grid-by-adding-v2g-in-all-its-electric-cars/. 
  46. ↑ "Mazda MX-30". https://www.mazda.co.nz/cars/mx-30/. 
  47. ↑ "What to expect from the first production Mazda rotary car since the RX-8" (in en). https://www.carsguide.com.au/car-news/what-to-expect-from-the-first-production-mazda-rotary-car-since-the-rx-8-82979. 
  48. ↑ "2021 Mazda MX-30 EV confirmed for Australia" (in en-au). https://www.whichcar.com.au/car-news/2021-mazda-mx-30. 
  49. ↑ Schmidt, Bridie (2019-09-11). "Electric Mini confirmed for Australian launch mid-2020" (in en-US). https://thedriven.io/2019/09/11/electric-mini-confirmed-for-australian-launch-mid-2020/. 
  50. ↑ "Electric MINI Cooper New Zealand 2020 Release Date" (in en). https://mini.co.nz/mini-news/introducing-the-first-all-electric-mini. 
  51. ↑ "2020 Mini Electric review: 233km driving range tested | CarAdvice" (in en). https://www.caradvice.com.au/883187/2020-mini-electric-review-233km-driving-range-tested/. 
  52. ↑ Schmidt, Bridie (2020-09-01). "Four new electric cars are now available for Australia - as grey imports" (in en-US). https://thedriven.io/2020/09/01/four-new-electric-cars-are-now-available-for-australia-as-grey-imports/. 
  53. ↑ 53.0 53.1 "EV Models and Where to Buy | Drive Electric". https://driveelectric.org.nz/individuals/ev-models-and-where-to-buy/. 
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  56. ↑ Staff Writer (2020-10-01). "Volvo Cars Starts Production of Fully Electric XC40 Recharge at Belgian Plant" (in en-GB). https://www.autofutures.tv/2020/10/01/volvo-cars-starts-production-of-fully-electric-xc40-recharge-at-belgian-plant/. 
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  58. ↑ "Kiwi details, pricing confirmed for Mercedes' cheapest electric car" (in en-NZ). 2021-04-15. https://www.autocar.co.nz/kiwi-details-pricing-confirmed-for-mercedes-cheapest-electric-car/. 
  59. ↑ "Jaguar i-Pace - Price, Specs, Range and News" (in en-US). 2018-11-25. https://thedriven.io/model/jaguar-ipace/. 
  60. ↑ "2020 Mercedes-Benz EQC review | CarAdvice" (in en). https://www.caradvice.com.au/811847/2020-mercedes-benz-eqc-review/. 
  61. ↑ "Porsche confirms New Zealand Taycan pricing" (in en). 2020-06-08. https://www.stuff.co.nz/motoring/121765281/porsche-confirms-new-zealand-taycan-pricing. 
  62. ↑ "BMW i3s 2020 review" (in en). https://www.carsguide.com.au/urban/bmw-i3s-78772. 
  63. ↑ "2019 BMW i3's 153 Mile Battery Puts i3 in Strong Position for Top 3 Spot in Europe" (in en-US). 2018-09-29. https://cleantechnica.com/2018/09/29/2019-bmw-i3s-153-mile-battery-puts-i3-in-strong-position-for-top-3-spot-in-europe/. 
  64. ↑ "BMW i3 REX to be axed". 2018-10-05. https://www.carsales.com.au/editorial/details/bmw-i3-to-continue-into-the-2020s-114982/. 
  65. ↑ "Are electric vans a viable option for New Zealand?" (in en). 2018-08-13. https://www.stuff.co.nz/motoring/106034398/are-electric-vans-a-viable-option-for-new-zealand. 
  66. ↑ "2014 Nissan eNV200 Van electric zero emissions" (in en). 2016-03-02. https://www.sunrisecars.com.au/vehicle/2014-nissan-env200-van--electriczeroemissions-120628. 
  67. ↑ "Renault Kangoo EV Van" (in en). https://www.renault.co.nz/vans/electric-vans/kangoo-ev. 
  68. ↑ "Renault Kangoo ZE: Electric van priced from $52,527 for private buyers | CarAdvice" (in en). https://www.caradvice.com.au/665026/renault-kangoo-ze-price/. 
  69. ↑ 69.0 69.1 sale, Driven • 21/06/2021 Search Driven for Peugeot for. "Racing for rebates: Peugeot New Zealand fast-tracks pure-electric SUV". https://www.driven.co.nz/news/racing-for-rebates-peugeot-new-zealand-fast-tracks-pure-electric-suv/. 
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  71. ↑ "Peugeot Australia introducing first electric vehicles in 2022" (in en). https://www.carexpert.com.au/car-news/peugeot-australia-introducing-first-electric-vehicles-in-2022. 
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  73. ↑ 73.0 73.1 73.2 Schmidt, Bridie (2021-05-27). "Polestar confirms Australia electric crossover launch in November" (in en-US). https://thedriven.io/2021/05/27/polestar-confirms-australia-electric-crossover-launch-in-november/. 
  74. ↑ 74.0 74.1 74.2 "Polestar 2 expands to three variants including entry-level option" (in en-US). 2021-04-14. https://thedriven.io/2021/04/15/polestar-2-expands-to-three-variants-including-entry-level-option/. 
  75. ↑ "Ford's van-shaped start to electrifying its New Zealand line up" (in en). 2021-10-06. https://www.stuff.co.nz/motoring/126584361/fords-vanshaped-start-to-electrifying-its-new-zealand-line-up. 
  76. ↑ "Ford E-Transit confirmed for Australia as brand's first electric car, more to follow" (in en-AU). 2021-10-05. https://www.drive.com.au/news/ford-e-transit-confirmed-for-australia-as-brands-first-electric-car-more-to-follow/. 
  77. ↑ "Kia's Electrifying EV6 Bound For New Zealand" (in en-NZ). https://www.autotrader.co.nz/blog/kias-electrifying-ev6-bound-for-new-zealand/. 
  78. ↑ 78.0 78.1 team, EV Central (2020-05-09). "Skoda reveals Aussie-bound Enyaq" (in en-US). https://evcentral.com.au/skoda-reveals-aussie-bound-enyaq/. 
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  80. ↑ Schmidt, Bridie (2021-09-09). "VW to bring "affordable" all electric Cupra Born to Australia before ID4 and Skoda EV" (in en-US). https://thedriven.io/2021/09/09/vw-to-bring-affordable-all-electric-cupra-born-to-australia-before-id4-and-skoda-ev/. 
  81. ↑ "2022 Skoda Enyaq Sportline iV 80x revealed, not for Australia" (in en). https://www.carexpert.com.au/car-news/2022-skoda-enyaq-sportline-iv-80x-revealed-not-for-australia. 
  82. ↑ Schmidt, Bridie (2020-12-16). "EV calendar: The new electric car models coming to Australia in 2021" (in en-US). https://thedriven.io/2020/12/16/ev-calendar-the-new-electric-car-models-coming-to-australia-in-2021/. 
  83. ↑ "Electric cars coming to Australia in 2021" (in en). https://www.mynrma.com.au/cars-and-driving/news/electric-cars-coming-to-australia-in-2021. 
  84. ↑ jasoncartwright (2021-07-02). "Tesla now building RHD Model Y, goes on sale in Hong Kong, Australia next?" (in en-AU). https://techau.com.au/tesla-now-building-rhd-model-y-goes-on-sale-in-hong-kong-australia-next/. 
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  86. ↑ 86.0 86.1 86.2 Schmidt, Bridie (2021-07-14). "What does Model 3 price drop mean for Model Y?" (in en-US). https://thedriven.io/2021/07/14/what-does-model-3-price-drop-mean-for-model-y/. 
  87. ↑ 87.0 87.1 Schmidt, Bridie (2021-06-30). "Tesla Model Y launch date and pricing in Hong Kong revealed" (in en-US). https://thedriven.io/2021/06/30/tesla-model-y-launch-date-and-pricing-in-hong-kong-revealed/. 
  88. ↑ 88.0 88.1 "The 2021 Tesla Model Y Is The Universal Daily Driver" (in en-AU). 2021-02-25. https://www.gizmodo.com.au/2021/02/the-2021-tesla-model-y-is-the-universal-daily-driver/. 
  89. ↑ "Tesla Model Y still months away, expected in Australia late 2021 or early 2022" (in en-AU). 2021-05-26. https://www.caradvice.com.au/955559/tesla-model-y-still-months-away-expected-in-australia-late-2021-or-early-2022/. 
  90. ↑ 90.0 90.1 Schmidt, Bridie (2021-06-18). "VW ID.4 to land as cheapest electric four-wheel drive SUV in US" (in en-US). https://thedriven.io/2021/06/18/vw-id-4-to-land-as-cheapest-electric-four-wheel-drive-suv-in-us/. 
  91. ↑ Lee, Alvin (2020-08-07). "Tesla Model Y Australian pricing expected to start at $78,000" (in en-AU). https://www.forcegt.com/news/tesla-model-y-australian-pricing-expected-to-start-at-78000/. 
  92. ↑ 92.0 92.1 "VW's Cupra brand coming to Australia despite "hostile" environment for EVs" (in en-US). 2021-03-26. https://thedriven.io/2021/03/26/vws-cupra-brand-coming-to-australia-despite-hostile-environment-for-evs/. 
  93. ↑ "Cupra Australia line-up revealed: Ateca, Formentor, and Leon here by July 2022 | CarAdvice" (in en). https://www.caradvice.com.au/963267/cupra-australia-line-up-revealed-ateca-formentor-and-leon-here-mid-2022/. 
  94. ↑ "Why Volkswagen's ID.3 electric car may miss key EV incentives while Cupra Born, Hyundai Ioniq 5, Kia EV6 and MG ZS EV benefit" (in en). https://www.carsguide.com.au/car-news/why-volkswagens-id3-electric-car-may-miss-key-ev-incentives-while-cupra-born-hyundai-ioniq. 
  95. ↑ "Revolutionary new car headed our way" (in en). 2021-07-14. https://www.news.com.au/technology/motoring/motoring-news/new-cupra-born-electric-car-tipped-for-australian-launch/news-story/484a56783eb95a6fbad6bb5aff446752. 
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  97. ↑ "2023 Cupra Born coming to Australia: Details of electric hot hatch leak" (in en-AU). 2021-08-03. https://www.drive.com.au/news/2023-cupra-born-coming-to-australia-details-of-electric-hot-hatch-leak/. 
  98. ↑ 98.0 98.1 98.2 98.3 "VW hints at "genuinely affordable" pricing for all-electric ID.3 in Australia" (in en-US). 2021-06-16. https://thedriven.io/2021/06/16/vw-hints-at-genuinely-affordable-pricing-for-all-electric-id-3-in-australia/. 
  99. ↑ 99.0 99.1 99.2 "Volkswagen ID.3 electric hatchback to be built in China | CarAdvice" (in en). https://www.caradvice.com.au/962563/volkswagen-id-3-electric-hatchback-to-be-built-in-china/. 
  100. ↑ "New Volkswagen ID.4 2022 revealed: Electric SUV bound for Australia accidentally gets an early mark" (in en). https://www.carsguide.com.au/car-news/new-volkswagen-id4-2022-revealed-electric-suv-bound-for-australia-accidentally-gets-an. 
  101. ↑ 101.0 101.1 "2022 Volvo C40 Recharge electric SUV unveiled, Australian launch late 2022 | CarAdvice" (in en). https://www.caradvice.com.au/930064/2022-volvo-c40-recharge-electric-suv-unveiled/. 
  102. ↑ "EXCLUSIVE: Volvo aims for Electric Vehicle price parity by 2030 as the C40 redefines a company approaching its 100th anniversary » EFTM" (in en-US). 2021-06-04. https://eftm.com/2021/06/exclusive-volvo-aims-for-electric-vehicle-price-parity-by-2030-as-the-c40-redefines-a-company-approaching-its-100th-anniversary-211865. 
  103. ↑ "Global car giant says Australia is 'missing out' on new, cheap electric car models" (in en-AU). 2021-05-29. https://www.abc.net.au/news/2021-05-30/nissan-says-australia-missing-out-electric-vehicle-market/100173124. 
  104. ↑ 104.0 104.1 Vorrath, Sophie (2021-06-04). "Nissan opens orders for new all-electric Ariya SUV" (in en-US). https://thedriven.io/2021/06/04/nissan-opens-orders-for-new-all-electric-ariya-suv/. 
  105. ↑ 105.0 105.1 "2022 Mercedes-Benz EQB electric SUV revealed, Australian launch confirmed" (in en-au). https://www.whichcar.com.au/news/2022-mercedes-benz-eqb-revealed. 
  106. ↑ 106.0 106.1 Hagon, Toby (2021-04-18). "2022 Mercedes-Benz EQB: compact 7-seat EV flexibility" (in en-US). https://evcentral.com.au/2022-mercedes-benz-eqb-compact-7-seat-ev-flexibility/. 
  107. ↑ "Cayenne" (in en-AU). 2021-04-07. https://www.drive.com.au/showrooms/porsche/cayenne/. 
  108. ↑ "Electric encyclopaedia: Every car brand's electric vehicle plans – Part One: Alfa Romeo to General Motors | CarAdvice" (in en). https://www.caradvice.com.au/954911/electric-encyclopaedia-every-car-brands-electric-vehicle-plans-part-one-alfa-romeo-to-general-motors/. 
  109. ↑ 109.0 109.1 "BMW iX3 2021 Review". https://www.carsales.com.au/editorial/details/bmw-ix3-2021-review-127118/. 
  110. ↑ "2021 BMW iX3 electric SUV now accepting reservations" (in en-au). https://www.whichcar.com.au/car-news/2021-bmw-ix3-electric-suv-now-accepting-reservations. 
  111. ↑ "BMW iX" (in en-US). 2020-12-16. https://thedriven.io/model/bmw-ix/. 
  112. ↑ Vorrath, Sophie (2021-06-02). "BMW announces Australian prices for electric iX SUV" (in en-US). https://thedriven.io/2021/06/02/bmw-announces-australian-prices-for-electric-ix-suv/. 
  113. ↑ "EQS from Mercedes-EQ: Highlights" (in en-NZ). https://www.mercedes-benz.co.nz/passengercars/mercedes-benz-cars/models/eqs/saloon-v297/pad.html. 
  114. ↑ "2022 Mercedes-Benz EQS revealed, Australian launch December 2021 | CarAdvice" (in en). https://www.caradvice.com.au/944152/2022-mercedes-benz-eqs-revealed-australian-launch-december-2021/. 
  115. ↑ "BYD's NZ electric car launch likely to be delayed" (in en-NZ). 2021-10-18. https://www.autocar.co.nz/byds-nz-electric-car-launch-likely-to-be-delayed/. 
  116. ↑ 116.0 116.1 "Rivian electric ute on the brink of Australian launch" (in en-AU). 2021-09-20. https://www.drive.com.au/news/electric-vehicle-maker-rivian-hints-at-australian-launch/. 
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  118. ↑ "2021 Rivian R1T and R1S: New cheaper pricing revealed for Toyota HiLux-hammering EV ute - but there's a catch..." (in en). https://www.carsguide.com.au/car-news/rivian-r1t-and-r1s-2021-new-cheaper-pricing-revealed-for-hilux-hammering-ev-ute-but-theres. 
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  120. ↑ Heffernan, Olive (August 2008). "King coal still on the throne". Nature Climate Change 1 (808): 96. doi:10.1038/climate.2008.77. ISSN 1758-678X. 
  121. ↑ "Toyota unveils first electric car and it's coming to Australia | CarAdvice" (in en). https://www.caradvice.com.au/945291/toyota-unveils-first-electric-car-and-its-coming-to-australia/. 




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