Engineering:SS Durham Victory

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RedOakVictory-2013-07-20.jpg
Typical Victory Ship.
History
United States
Name: SS Durham Victory
Namesake: Durham, North Carolina
Owner: War Shipping Administration
Operator: Agwilines Inc
Builder: California Shipbuilding Company, Los Angeles
Laid down: March 30, 1944
Launched: March 30, 1944
Completed: July 5, 1944
Fate: Sold 1946
History
Netherlands
Name: SS AVERDIJK
Owner: Holland America Line.
Operator: Holland America Line.
Fate: Sold 1967
History
Flag of Panama.svgPanama
Name: SS DOMINA 1967
Owner: Consolidated Mariner S.A, Panama.
Fate: Scrapped 1972 Taiwan
General characteristics
Class and type: VC2-S-AP3 Victory ship
Tonnage: 7612 GRT, 4,553 NRT
Displacement: 15,200 tons
Length: 455 ft (139 m)
Beam: 62 ft (19 m)
Installed power: 8,500 shp (6,300 kW)
Propulsion: HP & LP turbines geared to a single 20.5-foot (6.2 m) propeller, by Westinghouse Electric & Mfg. Co., Essington
Speed: 16.5 knots
Boats & landing
craft carried:		 4 Lifeboats
Complement: 62 Merchant Marine and 28 US Naval Armed Guards
Armament:
  • 1 × 5 inch (127 mm)/38 caliber gun as Victory ship
  • 1 × 3 inch (76 mm)/50 caliber gun
  • 8 × 20 mm Oerlikon
Notes: [1]

The SS Durham Victory was the 19th Victory ship built during World War II under the Emergency Shipbuilding program. The SS Durham Victory was launched by the California Shipbuilding Company on March 30, 1944, and completed on July 5, 1944. The ship’s United States Maritime Commission designation was VC2-S-AP3, hull number 18 (V-19). SS Durham Victory served in the Pacific Ocean during World War II and was operated by Agwilines Inc.

Victory Ships

The 10,500-ton Victory ships were designed to replace the earlier Liberty Ships that were used only for WW2. Compared to the Liberty ships, the Victory ships were much faster, significantly larger, and designed to last longer to serve the US Navy after the war. Victory ships also had a thinner stack set farther toward the superstructure, and a long raised forecastle.[2] Many ships like the SS Durham Victory were sold.

Christening

SS Durham Victory was christened prior to her first launch at the shipyard of the California Shipbuilding Corporation, also known as CalShip, in Wilmington, Los Angeles. The ship was a one of a total 550 Victory Ships, of which Calship delivered 132. Each ship was named after an American city.[3][4][5] The SS Durham Victory was commissioned into battle during World War II at the Battle of Leyte from June 1944 to January 1945.[6]

World War II

SS Durham Victory steamed into the Pacific to bring supplies to the Pacific War troops. She had the dangerous job of transporting 6,000 pounds of ammunition for the Liberation of The Philippines and the Battle of Leyte from April 1st until April 6th, 1945.[7][8][9] The SS Durham Victory worked closely with the US Navy ship USS Mazama, which was an ammunition ship.[10]

She loaded the destroyer USS Heywood L. Edwards with ammo on October 30th, 1944, at San Pedro Bay on the Philippine Islands.[11] She supplied ammo to the light cruiser USS Denver (CL-58) on October 25th, 1944, near Surigao Strait.[12] SS Durham Victory was key in the support of the invasion of the Philippines . She was part of Task Unit (TU) 77.7.1, which were supporting ships, including the T1 tanker USS Chepachet (AO-78), oilers Ashtabula (AO-51), Saranac (AO-74), and Salamonie (AO-26), and the merchant ship SS Pueblo. The Task Unit was joined on October 12th by the destroyer escorts Willmarth (DE-638) and Whitehurst (DE-634) (out of Blanche Harbor), steering for Kossol Roads and then final preparations for the assault. Other escorts in the TU were Witter (DE-636) and Bowers (DE-637).

In 1945, she anchored at the Ulithi atoll and supplied ammunition to a number of ships for the Battle of Leyte and other actions.[13] On August 10th, 1945, SS Durham Victory supplied the battleship USS New Jersey (BB-62) with 225 rounds of ammo for her 16", 20mm and 40mm guns. [14][10]

Honors

SS Durham Victory earned two Battle Stars for combat action, one in the Leyte landings from November 23rd, 1944, to November 29th, 1944, and one for action from January 9th, 1945, to January 18th, 1945, in the Battle of Luzon. Durham Victory used her deck guns to defend herself and other ships from attacks.[15]

Private Cargo Service

In 1946, the SS Durham Victory was sold to the Holland America Line of Rotterdam, and was renamed the SS AVERDIJK in 1954. In 1967, she was sold to Consolidated Mariner S.A of Panama and renamed the MV DOMINA. In 1972, she was taken to Taiwan and scrapped.[16][17][18]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Babcock & Wilcox (April 1944). "Victory Ships". Marine Engineering and Shipping Review. 
  2. ↑ "Reading 2: Liberty Ships and Victory Ships". Archived from the original on 2017-01-01. https://web.archive.org/web/20170101162835/https://www.nps.gov/nr/twhp/wwwlps/lessons/116liberty_victory_ships/116facts2.htm. 
  3. ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2016-12-25. https://web.archive.org/web/20161225150010/http://shipbuildinghistory.com/merchantships/2victoryships.htm. Retrieved 2016-12-27.  /shipbuildinghistory.com, Victory ships]
  4. ↑ May 10, 1944, Long Beach Independent from Long Beach, California · Page 14
  5. ↑ armed-guard.com, photo of the SS Durham Victory
  6. ↑ Leyte, June 1944 - January 1945 By Samuel Eliot Morison, page 83
  7. ↑ Rep of Ops in the Philippine Is Area 10/24-28/44
  8. ↑ US Central Philippine Attack Force, 20 October 1944
  9. ↑ "Chapter XX: The Philippines Campaign". https://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USN/BBBO/BBBO-20.html. 
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Beans, Bullets, and Black Oil - The Story of Fleet Logistics Afloat in the Pacific During World War II, By Rear Adm. Worrall Reed Carter
  11. ↑ Aubrey, Art (July 4, 2007). "Day by Day of the AMMEN". USS Ammendd. Archived from the original on February 2, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170202074057/http://www.ussammendd-527.com/day.htm. 
  12. ↑ "USS DENVER Deck Log & War Diary, October 1944". Archived from the original on 2016-01-14. https://web.archive.org/web/20160114104536/http://www.hazegray.org/navhist/denver/logoct44.htm. 
  13. ↑ Cvrk, Luka. "Samar Leyte Beach Resort - Chapter XXIX: Support Activities at Leyte-Samar". Archived from the original on 2017-02-02. https://web.archive.org/web/20170202022717/http://www.slbresort.com/index.php?page=Leyte_and_Samar_History_1. 
  14. ↑ USS New Jersey (BB-62), the Big J Battle Ship
  15. ↑ "World War II Posters and U.S. Maritime Commission Archives". Archived from the original on 2017-02-02. https://web.archive.org/web/20170202011946/http://archive-org.com/org/u/usmm.org/2013-04-03_1808202_35/World_War_II_Posters_Train_or_return_to_sea/. 
  16. ↑ Finch, E. "World War 2 Victory Ships - D - E". Archived from the original on 2007-08-13. https://web.archive.org/web/20070813060256/http://www.mariners-l.co.uk/vicshipsD.html. 
  17. ↑ "S. S. Averdijk Holland Amerika Lijn". Archived from the original on 2017-02-02. https://web.archive.org/web/20170202083051/https://www.cardcow.com/172929/s-averdijk-holland-amerika-lijn-transportation-boats-ships/. 
  18. ↑ The Brownsville Herald from Brownsville, Texas on July 18, 1947

Sources

  • Sawyer, L.A. and W.H. Mitchell. Victory ships and tankers: The history of the ‘Victory’ type cargo ships and of the tankers built in the United States of America during World War II, Cornell Maritime Press, 1974, 0-87033-182-5.
  • United States Maritime Commission: [1]
  • Victory Cargo Ships [2]




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