Engineering:Salman (rocket motor)
| Manufacturer | IRGCASF |
|---|---|
| Country of origin |  Iran |
| Used on | Qased Qaem-100 |
| General characteristics | |
| Diameter | 1 m (3 ft 3 in) |
| Gross mass | 1,900 kg (4,200 lb) |
| Associated stages | |
| Comparable | Star 48 , Castor 30 |
| Launch history | |
| Status | Active |
| Total launches | 5 |
| Successes (stage only) | 5 |
| Failed | 0 |
| First flight | 22 April 2020 |
| Salman upper-stage | |
| Burn time | 60 seconds |
| Fuel | Solid |
The Salman (Persian: سلمان) is a solid-propellant rocket motor designed and built by the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps.[1][2] It is used as the second stage of the Qased and Qaem-100 satellite launch vehicles.[1][3] The system was announced on 9 February 2020[4] and was launched for the first time on 22 April 2020, placing Iran's first military satellite, named Noor, into orbit.[1][5]
Design
Salman weighs 1900 kilograms, has a diameter of 1 meter, and fires for 60 seconds. In contrast to previous Iranian commercial and military rocket designs, Salman has a wound carbon-fiber composite casing rather than the traditional steel motor casings typical of other Iranian designs, this drastically reduces weight and improves performance, allowing for more payload capacity.
Another break with past Iranian designs is the first ever use of gimballed thrust vector control (TVC) for steering as opposed to aerodynamic control surfaces, jet vanes, or vernier thrusters previously used.[5][6][7] A steerable nozzle provides several advantages to Salman as opposed to other methods that result in its superior performance and efficiency; as opposed to jet vanes, no thrust is lost in a gimballed system when steering; control surfaces only work in endo-atmospheric flight and cannot be used for injecting satellites or atmospheric re-entry; vernier thrusters and their associated piping, turbopumps, tanks etc... are heavy and their omission could make way for a larger payload.[8]
Launch history
| Flight No. | Date | Rocket | Payload | Outcome | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 22 April 2020 | Qased | Noor 1 | Success | Iran's first military reconnaissance satellite[9] |
| 2 | 8 March 2022 | Qased | Noor 2 | Success | |
| 3 | 5 November 2022[10] | Qaem-100 | Unknown | Success | |
| 4 | 4 March 2023[11] | Qaem-100 | Nahid-1 | Success | |
| 5 | 27 September 2023[12] | Qased | Noor 3 | Success |
See also
- Qased (rocket)
- Qaem-100 (rocket)
- IRGC Aerospace Force
- Noor (satellite)
- List of upper-stages
- Iranian Space Agency
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Sheldon, John (12 May 2020). "#SpaceWatchGL Perspectives On Iran’s Satellite Launch: Fabian Hinz On The Qased Satellite Launch Vehicle". https://spacewatch.global/2020/05/spacewatchgl-perspectives-on-irans-satellite-launch-fabian-hinz-on-the-qased-satellite-launch-vehicle/.
- ↑ "رفع گلوگاه پرتاب ماهواره با موتورهای فضایی سوخت جامد" (in fa). Islamic Republic News Agency. 15 May 2022. https://www.irna.ir/news/84753762/رفع-گلوگاه-پرتاب-ماهواره-با-موتورهای-فضایی-سوخت-جامد.
- ↑ "سردار جعفرآبادی در گفتگو با العالم: قائم 100، ماهواره با وزن 80 کیلو را قادر است در مدار قرار دهد/ تداوم توسعه ماهواره‌بر قائم تا قرارگیری ماهواره با وزن 500 کیلو در مدار/ قادریم ماهواره‌های بزرگتری به مدارهای بالاتر حمل کنیم" (in fa). 5 November 2022. https://fa.alalam.ir/news/6429318/سردار-جعفرآبادی-در-گفتگو-با-العالم-قائم-100،-ماهواره-با-وزن-80-کی.
- ↑ "Iran unveils ballistic missile, ‘new generation’ engines". The Times of Israel. 9 February 2020. https://www.timesofisrael.com/iran-unveils-ballistic-missile-new-generation-engines/.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Brügge, Norbert (25 August 2020). "What are the dimensions of the new Iranian Salman TVC solid-fuel rocket motor". http://www.b14643.de/Spacerockets/Specials/SalmanTVC_motor/index.htm.
- ↑ Hinz, Fabian (14 February 2020). "Iran’s solid-propellant SLV program is alive and kicking". https://www.armscontrolwonk.com/archive/1208906/irans-solid-propellant-slv-program-is-alive-and-kicking/.
- ↑ Elleman, Michael; Rouhi, Mahsa (1 May 2020). "The IRGC gets into the space-launch business". International Institute for Strategic Studies. https://www.iiss.org/blogs/analysis/2020/05/iran-military-satellite-launch-irgc.
- ↑ "گزارش تسنیم از موتور فضایی "سلمان"|درگیری با اهداف مهاجم خارج از جو زمین/ گام مهم سپاه برای ساخت سلاح ضدماهواره جاسوسی- اخبار نظامی | دف - اخبار سیاسی تسنیم | Tasnim" (in fa). خبرگزاری تسنیم | Tasnim. 19 February 2020. https://www.tasnimnews.com/fa/news/1398/11/30/2205326/%DA%AF%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B4-%D8%AA%D8%B3%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%85-%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1-%D9%81%D8%B6%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C-%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%AF%D8%B1%DA%AF%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%8C-%D8%A8%D8%A7-%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%81-%D9%85%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AC%D9%85-%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AC-%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D8%AC%D9%88-%D8%B2%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86-%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%85-%D9%85%D9%87%D9%85-%D8%B3%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%87-%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%AA-%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AD-%D8%B6%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87-%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C.
- ↑ "Iran launches its first military satellite". Al Jazeera. 22 April 2020. https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/4/22/iran-launches-its-first-military-satellite.
- ↑ "Iran test launches new satellite-carrying rocket". Al Jazeera. 5 November 2022. https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/11/5/iran-test-launches-new-satellite-carrying-rocket.
- ↑ Krzyzaniak, John [@john_krzyzaniak] (12 July 2023). "Here is the letter from Israel's representative to the UN, referenced above. On March 4, the IRGC launched a Ghaem-100 from Shahrud carrying the Nahid satellite". https://twitter.com/john_krzyzaniak/status/1679184846520737793.
- ↑ "Iran says it launched Noor 3 satellite into orbit" (in en). Reuters. 2023-09-27. https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/iran-says-it-successfully-launched-nour-3-satellite-tasnim-2023-09-27/.
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