Engineering:Type 094 submarine
 Profile of the Type 094
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_Class_Ballistic_Missile_Submarine.JPG) Type 094 submarine
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| Class overview | |
|---|---|
| Name: | Type 094 (Jin class) |
| Builders: | Bohai Shipyard, Huludao, China[1] |
| Operators: |
 People's Liberation Army Navy |
| Preceded by: | Type 092 (Xia class) |
| Succeeded by: | Type 096 |
| Cost: | $750 million per unit[2] |
| In commission: | 2007–present[1] |
| Planned: | 8 (projected)[3] |
| Active: | 6[4][5] |
| General characteristics | |
| Type: | Ballistic missile submarine |
| Displacement: | 11,000 tons submerged.[6] |
| Length: | 137 m (449 ft 6 in)<[1] |
| Beam: | 11.8 m (38 ft 9 in)[1] |
| Propulsion: | Nuclear, 1 shaft[1] |
| Range: | Unlimited |
| Complement: | 140[1] |
| Armament: | Missiles: 12 JL-2 or JL-3 SLBM |
The Type 094 (simplified Chinese: 09-IV型核潜艇; traditional Chinese: 09-IV型核潛艇; Chinese designation: 09-IV; NATO reporting name: Jin class) is a class of nuclear ballistic missile submarines developed by China for the People's Liberation Army Navy Submarine Force. The Type 094 succeeds the Type 092 submarine and precedes the Type 096 submarine, which is under development.
Description
The Type 094's chief designer was Zhang Jinlin.[7] It is likely based on the Type 093 nuclear-powered attack submarine.[1]
A Type 094 was photographed by commercial satellites in late-2006 at the Xiaopingdao Submarine Base.[8] The first commissioned in 2007[1] and six were in commission in 2020.[4] They began nuclear deterrence patrols in December 2015.[9]
The Type 094 is China's "first credible sea-based nuclear deterrent" according to the United States Department of Defense.[10][11] They were initially armed with 12 JL-2 SLBMs;[1] each missile had one warhead[12] and a 7,200 km (4,500 mi) range capable of reaching parts of Alaska launched from near China. By late 2022, they were rearmed with JL-3 SLBMs able to reach the continental United States from the South China Sea; ranges of over 10,000 km (6,200 mi) have been reported.[13]
The Type 094A is a variant with a modified and improved sail. The sail appears to incorporate features from one installed on a modified Type 093.[14]
Noise
The Type 094 is noisier than contemporary submarines. In 2004,[15] a Chinese researcher reported that the Type 094 had an acoustic signature of 120 decibels, comparable to the Los Angeles-class submarine.[16] In 2009, the Office of Naval Intelligence of the United States Navy listed the Type 094 as noisier than Soviet/Russian SSBNs from the late-1970s.[17][18] In 2015, Australian researchers Brendan Thomas-Noone and Rorey Medcalf noted that noisiness and the range of the JL-2 limited the submarine's effectiveness in attacks on the contiguous United States, but not on India.[18]
Boats
| Name | Hull no. | Builder | Laid down | Launched | Commissioned | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Type 094 | ||||||
| 411[1] | Bohai Shipyard, Huludao[1] | 2001[1] | 28 July 2004[1] | March 2007[1] | Active | |
| Changzheng 10[19] | 412[1] | 2003[1] | 2006[1] | 2010[1] | Active | |
| Changzheng 11[19] | 413[1] | 2004[1] | December 2009[1] | 2012[1] | Active | |
| Changzheng 18[20] | 421[21] | 23 April 2021[20] | Active | |||
| Type 094A | ||||||
| 2020[5] | Active | |||||
| 2020[5] | Active | |||||
Gallery
See also
References
Notes
- ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 1.12 1.13 1.14 1.15 1.16 1.17 1.18 1.19 1.20 1.21 Saunders, Stephen (2015). IHS Jane's Fighting Ships 2015-2016. p. 128. ISBN 978-0-7106-3143-5.
- ↑ Till, G. (Ed.), Chan, J. (Ed.). (2014). Naval Modernisation in South-East Asia. London: Routledge. Page 23 .
- ↑ Fisher, Richard D Jr. (19 April 2015). "US upgrades assessment of China's Type 094 SSBN fleet". http://www.janes.com/article/50761/us-upgrades-assessment-of-china-s-type-094-ssbn-fleet.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 O'Rourke, Ronald (21 May 2020). China Naval Modernization: Implications for U.S. Navy Capabilities—Background and Issues for Congress (Report). Congressional Research Service. p. 8. https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/RL/RL33153/236. Retrieved 10 June 2020.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 "China Now Has Six Type 094A Jin-Class Nuclear Powered Missile Submarines". 6 May 2020. https://nationalinterest.org/blog/buzz/china-now-has-six-type-094a-jin-class-nuclear-powered-missile-submarines-151186.
- ↑ LaGrone, Sam; Majumdar, Dave (9 June 2014). "Chinese Weapons That Worry the Pentagon". http://news.usni.org/2014/06/09/chinese-weapons-worry-pentagon.
- ↑ 周劼 (Zhou, Jie) (2023-01-09). "张金麟院士在汉逝世，花甲之年挑起核潜艇研制工作重担" (in zh). Yangtze Daily. http://news.cjn.cn/whpd/yw_19947/202301/t4409198.htm.
- ↑ Kristensen, Hans M. (4 October 2007). "Two More Chinese SSBNs Spotted". Federation of American Scientists. https://fas.org/blogs/security/2007/10/two_more_chinese_ssbns_spotted/.
- ↑ Fisher, Richard D. Jr. (16 December 2015). "China advances sea- and land-based nuclear deterrent capabilities". Jane's Defence Weekly (Surrey, UK: Jane's Information Group) 53 (6). ISSN 0265-3818.
- ↑ Funaiole, Matthew P.; Bermudez Jr., Joseph S.; Hart, Brian (4 August 2021). "A Glimpse of Chinese Ballistic Missile Submarines". Center for Strategic International Studies. https://www.csis.org/analysis/glimpse-chinese-ballistic-missile-submarines.
- ↑ "2020 Military and Security Developments Involving the People's Republic of China: Annual Report to Congress". 2020. https://media.defense.gov/2020/Sep/01/2002488689/-1/-1/1/2020-DOD-CHINA-MILITARY-POWER-REPORT-FINAL.PDF.
- ↑ United States National Air and Space Intelligence Center (June 2017). Ballistic and Cruise Missile Threat (Report). NASIC-1031-0985-17. https://www.nasic.af.mil/Portals/19/images/Fact%20Sheet%20Images/2017%20Ballistic%20and%20Cruise%20Missile%20Threat_Final_small.pdf?ver=2017-07-21-083234-343. Retrieved 12 May 2019.
- ↑ Capaccio, Anthony (18 November 2022). "China Has Put Longer-Range ICBMs on Its Nuclear Subs, US Says". https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-11-18/us-says-china-s-subs-armed-with-longer-range-ballistic-missiles.
- ↑ Fisher, Richard D Jr. (15 July 2016). "Images show possible new variant of China's Type 094 SSBN". http://www.janes.com/article/62282/images-show-possible-new-variant-of-china-s-type-094-ssbn.
- ↑ Erickson & Goldstein 2007, p. 19.
- ↑ Erickson & Goldstein 2007, p. 14.
- ↑ Office of Naval Intelligence (August 2009). The People's Liberation Army Navy, A Modern Navy with Chinese Characteristics (Report). p. 22 (pp25 of PDF). https://fas.org/irp/agency/oni/pla-navy.pdf. Retrieved 24 January 2015.
- ↑ 18.0 18.1 Thomas-Noone, Brendan; Medcalf, Rory (September 2015). Nuclear-armed submarines in Indo-Pacific Asia: Stabiliser or menace? (Report). Lowy Institute for International Policy. p. 6 (pp8 of PDF). http://www.lowyinstitute.org/files/nuclear-armed-submarines-in-indo-pacific-asia-stabiliser-or-menace_0.pdf. Retrieved 5 October 2015.
- ↑ 19.0 19.1 "《新闻联播》曝光中国海上大阅兵独家画面(图)". sina.com.cn. 23 April 2019. https://mil.news.sina.com.cn/china/2019-04-23/doc-ihvhiqax4677733.shtml.
- ↑ 20.0 20.1 Tate, Andrew (27 April 2021). "China commissions three major naval vessels on PLAN's 72nd anniversary". https://www.janes.com/defence-news/news-detail/china-commissions-three-major-naval-vessels-on-plans-72nd-anniversary.
- ↑ 赵文涵, ed (24 April 2021). "习近平出席海军三型主战舰艇集中交接入列活动". http://www.xinhuanet.com/politics/leaders/2021-04/24/c_1127370401.htm.
Sources
- Erickson, Andrew S.; Goldstein, Lyle J. (2007). "China's Future Nuclear Submarine Force". Naval War College Review 60 (1). https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/nwc-review/vol60/iss1/6.
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