Engineering:Type C7 ship

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The Type C7 ship (Lancer Class) is a United States Maritime Administration (MARAD) designation for a cargo ship and the first US purpose-built container ship. The vessels were constructed in US shipyards and entered service starting in 1968.[1] As US-built ships they were Jones Act qualified for shipments between US domestic ports. Under the Jones Act, domestic US maritime trade is restricted to US-built and flagged vessels of US owners and manned by predominantly US-citizen crews. The last active Lancer container-configured ship was scrapped in 2019. Lancers of the vehicle Roll-on/Roll-off (RO/RO) configuration remain held in the Ready Reserve Force, National Defense Reserve Fleet[2] and the US Navy Military Sealift Command.[3] All are steam powered.[4]

United States Lines C7-S-68 Series

Eight Type C7-S-68 ships were built by Sun Shipbuilding for the United States Lines and entered service from 1968 to 1971. Upon the bankruptcy and dissolution of the company the ships were sold to other carriers. The design proved very reliable as all of the Lancer Class vessels operated until at least 2002. In October 2014 the last active '68 series Lancer Horizon Discovery, was delivered to the Bay Bridge Scrapyard in Brownsville, Texas. "..the Lancers revolutionized shipping as being the first true large (at that time) container ships. [They were] built for U.S. Lines and ran on the East Coast to Far East run for many years...Discovery also served in Desert Storm. Her keel was laid exactly 47 years ago on 10/26/1967..It has been an honor taking this grand ole girl to her final resting place. She sure had a good run for many years. Instead of going down kicking and screaming she ran proud and well right to the very end and went down easy." - Captain Bill Boyce [5]

Lancer Class container ship SS American Astronaut of the United States Lines, at sea in 1969.
MA Hull # MA Design Original Name Shipyard Hull # GT DWT Delivery IMO Later Names Fate
184 C7-S-68c American Lancer 640 18,764 22,225 1968 IMO 6708379 Humacao Scrapped 2002[6]
185 C7-S-68c American Legion 641 18,764 22,138 1968 IMO 6812211 Sea-Land Challenger, Horizon Challenger Scrapped 2014[7]
186 C7-S-68d American Liberty 642 18,876 21,665 1968 IMO 6820579 Sea-Land Discovery, Horizon Discovery Scrapped 2014[5]
187 C7-S-68d American Lynx 643 18,876 21,665 1968 IMO 6828624 Mayaguez[8] Scrapped 2004
188 C7-S-68d American Lark 644 18,876 20,574 1969 IMO 6905252 Horizon Crusader Scrapped 2010[9]
240 C7-S-68e American Astronaut 649 18,876 20,574 1969 IMO 6916861 Guayuma Scrapped 2002[10]
251 C7-S-68e American Apollo 654 18,876 20,574 1970 IMO 7026259 Nuevo San Juan Scrapped 2002[1]
252 C7-S-68e American Aquarius 655 18,876 20,480 1971 IMO 7042485 Carolina Scrapped 2002[1]

Pacific Far East Line C7-S-88 Series

Bethlehem Steel's Sparrows Point Shipyard constructed two C7-S-88a container ships for San Francisco, CA-based Pacific Far East Line (PFEL). These two ships were actually designed for and ordered by Matson Navigation, but when Matson decided to discontinue its transpacific operations the two ships were taken over by PFEL while still under construction. PFEL's ship names ended with Bear,[11] and the two new ships were launched as SS Australia Bear and SS New Zealand Bear. Australia Bear was completed in 1973, but before New Zealand Bear had been fully outfitted both ships were sold in 1974 to Sea-Land Service, Inc. and renamed Sea-Land Consumer and Sea-Land Producer as Sealand's SL18P class.[12] Sea-Land was bought by the CSX Corporation in 1986, and both ships were renamed in 2000. The domestic U.S. liner operations of Sea-Land were sold in 2003 and subsequently operated under the name Horizon Lines.[13] Their service life came in a full circle when Matson, who had initially designed the ships decades earlier, acquired Horizon Lines in 2015. The vessels would serve their new owners a few more years as Matson Consumer and Matson Producer. They were scrapped in 2018 and 2019 respectively.

MA Hull # MA Design Original Name Shipyard Hull # GT DWT Delivery IMO Later Names Fate
253 C7-S-88a Australia Bear 4639 23,763 26,600 1973 IMO 7224306 Sea-Land Consumer, CSX Consumer, Horizon Consumer, Matson Consumer Scrapped 2018[14]
254 C7-S-88a New Zealand Bear 4640 23,763 26,600 1974 IMO 7366312 Sea-Land Producer, CSX Producer, Horizon Producer, Matson Producer Scrapped 2019[15]

States Steamship Lines C7-S-95 Series

The States Steamship Lines (or States Lines) ordered four C7-S-95a ships from Bath Iron Works[16] to carry both mixed and containerized cargo. These vessels differed from the earlier C7s in that they have an aft cargo ramp. Their service speed is 23 knots and the States Lines operated the vessels between the US west coast and Asian ports.[17] Their service time with the States Line however was brief as high fuel prices and competition drove the company into bankruptcy in 1979.[18] The vessels were eventually acquired by the US Government and are among the 27 RO/RO ships in the Military Sealift Command. All are steam powered and maintained in the Ready Reserve Force with 5 days as time to activate.[2]

SS Cape Island sailing into harbor.
Military Sealift Command SS Cape Island
MA Hull # MA Design Original Name Shipyard Hull # GT DWT Delivery IMO Later Names Status[2]
279 C7-S-95a Maine 366 15,000 14,500 27 April 1976 7390105 Tyson Lykes, Cape Inscription RRF at Long Beach, CA 2020
280 C7-S-95a Arizona 367 15,000 14,500 8 June 1976 7390117 Lipscomb Lykes, USNS Jupiter, Cape Intrepid RRF at Tacoma, WA 2020
281 C7-S-95a Nevada 368 15,000 14,500 30 Nov 1976 7390129 Charles Lykes, Cape Isabel RRF at Long Beach, CA 2020
295 C7-S-95a Illinois 369 15,000 14,500 3 June 1977 7390131 USNS Mercury, Cape Island RRF at Tacoma, WA 2020

Waterman Line C7-S-133a Series

Three C7 ships in the RO/RO configuration, designated as MARAD design C7-S-1331a, were built for the Waterman Line. The John B. Waterman and Thomas Heyward were completed by Sun Shipbuilding. The Charles Carroll was subcontracted to the General Dynamics Quincy Shipbuilding Division.[19] These would be the last ships constructed by the respective shipyards before their closure.[20][21] In 1984-1985 all three were converted to pre-positioning supply ships for the US Navy Military Sealift Command (MSC) by the National Steel and Shipbuilding Company, San Diego, CA.[22] The ships gained 157 feet amidships, a helicopter landing platform, and cranes to enable them to unload their own cargo. They retained their steam boilers but were retrofitted with two GE turbines. As of July 2020 all three were in the inventory of the MSC.[3] All three ships were commissioned into the MSC as Sgt. Matej Kocak-class dry cargo ships.

MA Hull # MA Design Original Name Shipyard Hull # GT[as built] DWT Delivery IMO Later Names Status
346 C7-S-1331a John B. Waterman 679 18,500 23,500 23 March 1983 7802706 USNS Sgt. Matej Kocak (T-AK-3005) Active 2020
347 C7-S-1331a Thomas Heyward 680 18,500 23,500 11 February 1983 7823463 USNS PFC Eugene A. Obregon (T-AK-3006) Active 2020
511 C7-S-1331a Charles Carroll 86 18,500 23,500 18 April 1983 7912123 USNS Maj. Stephen W. Pless (T-AK-3007) Active 2020

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 "Ships Built to MARAD Designs". US-Built Merchant Ships by Type. Tim Colton, ShipbuildingHistory.com. http://www.shipbuildinghistory.com/history/merchantships/postwwii/marad.htm. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 "National Defense Reserve Fleet Inventory Monthly report as of April 30, 2020". NATIONAL DEFENSE RESERVE FLEET INVENTORY. US Dept. of Transportation Maritime Administration. https://www.maritime.dot.gov/sites/marad.dot.gov/files/pictures/i200430_1.pdf. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 "US Navy Military Sealift Command - Inventory". US Department of Defense. https://www.msc.usff.navy.mil/Ships/Ship-Inventory/. 
  4. ↑ "Maritime Prepositioning Ships - T-AK, T-AKR and T-AOT". US Department of Defense. http://www.navy.mil/navydata/fact_display.asp?cid=4600&tid=200&ct=4. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 "End of an Era: Last of the "Lancers" is "Finished with Engines". Marine Engineers' Beneficial Association. http://mebaunion.org/MEBA/meba-telex-times-october-30-2014/. 
  6. ↑ "HUMACAO IMO No: 6708379 CONTAINER 1968 / 19046 GT". Steffen Wiedner. http://www.cargo-vessels-international.at/HUMACAO_IMO6708379.pdf. 
  7. ↑ "ABS Class Suspensions, Withdrawals, & Reinstatements - 4 Mar 2014". American Bureau of Shipping. http://www.eagle.org/safenet/suspension/class_suspended. 
  8. ↑ Piché, Marc. "AMERICAN LYNX - IMO 6828624". shipspotting.com. http://www.shipspotting.com/gallery/photo.php?lid=872031. 
  9. ↑ Des Bois, Robin. "ShipBreaking.com #21". Association de Protection de l’Homme and de l’Environnement. http://www.robindesbois.org/english/shipbreaking21.pdf. 
  10. ↑ Smith, Robert J.. "AMERICAN ASTRONAUT - IMO 6916861". http://www.shipspotting.com/gallery/photo.php?lid=1048621. 
  11. ↑ "Pacific Far East Line". House Flags of US Shipping Companies. Flags Of The World. http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/us~hfpa.html#pacfareast. 
  12. ↑ Cudahay 206 pp. 133-134, 266-267
  13. ↑ "How We Ship - Vessels". Horizon Lines. http://www.horizonlines.com/service/how-we-ship/vessels. 
  14. ↑ "United States Flag Privately Owned Merchant Fleet - Summaryary of Changes". https://www.maritime.dot.gov/sites/marad.dot.gov/files/oictures/Consolidated_In_Out_List_20190815.pdf. 
  15. ↑ "Weekly Vessel Scrapping Report: 2019 Week 35". https://shipandbunker.com/news/features/risk-management/457400-weekly-vessel-scrapping-report-2019-week-35. 
  16. ↑ Toppan, Andrew. "Bath Iron Works Production Record". http://www.hazegray.org/shipbuilding/biw3.htm. 
  17. ↑ "Bath Iron Launches Fourth Ro/Ro Ship For States Steamship". Shipyard Directory. Maritime Activity Reports, Inc.. http://www.shipyarddirectory.com/shipbuilding-companies/launches-fourth-states-steamship-209837. 
  18. ↑ "States Steamship Co.". House Flags of US Shipping Companies. Flags of the World. http://fotw.fivestarflags.com/us~hfst.html#statessteamship. 
  19. ↑ Colton, Tim. "Ro-Ro Ships Built in U.S. Shipyards". ShipbuildingHistory.com.. http://www.shipbuildinghistory.com/history/merchantships/postwwii/roroships.htm. 
  20. ↑ Colton, Tim. "Sun Shipbuilding, Chester PA". ShipbuildingHistory.com. http://www.shipbuildinghistory.com/history/shipyards/2large/inactive/sun.htm. 
  21. ↑ Colton, Tim. "Bethlehem Steel Company, Quincy MA". ShipbuildingHistory.com. http://www.shipbuildinghistory.com/history/shipyards/2large/inactive/bethquincy.htm. 
  22. ↑ Colton, Tim. "NASSCO, San Diego CA". ShipbuildingHistory.com. http://www.shipbuildinghistory.com/history/shipyards/2large/active/nassco.htm. 
  • Cudahay, Brian J. (2006). Box Boats: How Container Ships Changed the World. Fordham University Press. ISBN 9780823225699. 

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