Engineering:UAZ-469

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The UAZ-469, later sold as the UAZ-3151 and UAZ Hunter, is an off-road military light utility vehicle manufactured by UAZ since 1971. It was used by Soviet and other Warsaw Pact armed forces, as well as paramilitary units in Eastern Bloc countries. In the Soviet Union, it also saw widespread service in state organizations that needed a robust and durable off-road vehicle. Standard military versions included seating for seven personnel.[1]

History

Using the same chassis as the GAZ-69 but with a new body,[2] the UAZ-469 was introduced in 1971 to replace the GAZ-69. It is powered by the same 75 hp (55 kW) 2,445 cc (149.2 cu in) UMZ-452MI inline-four engine as the UAZ-452 and is able to run on gasoline with an octane rating as low as 72 (although 76 was preferred).[3] This engine was used in a variety of Soviet vehicles, including the GAZ-21 Volga passenger car. The UAZ-469 presented two great advantages: it was able to drive in virtually any terrain and it was very easy to repair. The vehicle was originally not available for purchase by the public, but many were sold as surplus to private owners.[1] Modifications include a basic UAZ-469B with ground clearance of 220 mm (8.7 in), and a specialized military UAZ-469, with ground clearance increased to 300 mm (12 in).

After slight modernisation in 1985, due to new industry designation standards, modifications were renamed: the UAZ-469 became the UAZ-3151, while the UAZ-469B became the UAZ-31512.

UAZ Hunter at Interpolitex 2011

In 2003 an updated version of the old UAZ-469B was introduced, it was named UAZ Hunter.[1][4] Manufacture of the UAZ-31512 for the Russian Army continued until 2011,[5] while manufacture for the civilian market was discontinued in 2005 due to new emission standards.

The UAZ-469 was exported to eighty countries,[6] and between 1.65 to 2 million units of the vehicle and its variants were produced.[7][8] The Hunter was originally sold in Germany and some Asian countries as the "UAZ Tigr" (Tiger), until General Motors complained that the name was too similar to the Opel Tigra, and in Germany, it was renamed "Baijah Taigah".[6]

In 2010 in honor of the Victory Day UAZ launched a limited edition of Hunter under the original 469 nameplate.

Post-facelift UAZ Hunter in Poznan

In 2011 UAZ Hunter undergone a facelift bringing back the classic bumpers and removing the plastic moldings, returning to the original look, similar to 2010 469. Following the facelift UAZ launched a series of limited editions and special series.

In 2015 it was decided to discontinue the Hunter due to its outdated technology. In order to commemorate this and the Victory Day UAZ launched a limited 'Victory Series' with a livery inspired by the planes from the Soviet war drama Only "Old Men" Are Going Into Battle. The next year after the final edition the factory changed their decision and brought back UAZ Hunter back into production.

Specifications

The original version uses a 2.45-liter four-cylinder engine. From 2010 until 2013 it had a 2.7 L (2,693 cc) engine producing 112 hp (82 kW).[9]

Engine
2,450 cc petrol, in-line 4-cylinder, water cooled, 75 hp (55 kW) at 4,000 rpm, 166.7 N⋅m (123.0 lb⋅ft) at 2,200 rpm[10]
Fuel
Carburettor system, uses 76-octane petrol, tank capacity is 78 litres
Transmission
4-speed manual gearbox, 2-speed transfer case, 4-wheel drive
Front axle
Live axle with coil springs, drum brakes
Rear axle
Live axle with leaf springs, drum brakes
Dimensions and weights
  • Empty weight with fuel: 1,650 kg (3,638 lb)
  • Max. gross weight: 2,450 kg (5,401 lb)
  • External dimensions: (length/width/height): 4,025 mm (158.5 in) × 1,785 mm (70.3 in) × 2,050 mm (80.7 in)
  • Wheelbase: 2,380 mm (93.7 in)
  • Tread front/rear: 1,453 mm (57.2 in)/1,453 mm (57.2 in)
  • Ground clearance: 220 mm (8.7 in)
  • Tire size: 215 SR 15
  • Wheel size: 6L×15

Modifications

Major versions

  • UAZ-469B – a "civilian" version of the UAZ-469. In this version, the ground clearance is 220 mm and the drive axles use a single-stage main gear without the final drive.[11] The UAZ-469B was available with a contact or contactless (on later models) electronic ignition system. Its PTO shafts are slightly longer than the shafts of the UAZ-469 vehicle. The cabin is open and came with a detachable canvas roof; a hard-top roof made of metal or fiberglass could be purchased as an accessory. The 2.4-litre engine is paired with a four-speed transmission.

A police patrol car version was available, based on the UAZ-31512-UMM with an insulated five-door metal body and optional special equipment.[12]

Special Editions

In Mexico, a special package called Vallarta Kit, named after the beach resort of Puerto Vallarta, was released featuring a winch, steering assembly and gearbox reinforcement, snorkel, suspension kit and LED headlights, among other extras.[13]

Other variants

  • UAZ-469BI – 469B version with shielded electrical equipment (for example, P-403M microwave transceiver VHF radio)
  • UAZ-469BG – medical utility version, equipped with places for nurses and a stretcher; after modernization in 1985, it received the designation UAZ-3152.
    • UAZ-469 WZMot-4 – Polish ambulance version with stretched patient compartment, upgraded from UAZ-469BG[14]
  • UAZ-469RH – version modified for nuclear, biological, and chemical (NBC) resistance
  • UAZ-39294 – variant with low–pressure tires

Concepts and prototypes

  • UAZ-3907 Ягуар (Jaguar) – amphibious vehicle based on the UAZ-469 with two propellers mounted to the rear axle
  • UAZ-Martorelli – UAZ-469B version that was exported to Italy, where it was significantly modified. These versions included:
    • with Russian UMP-451M petrol engine (2,445 cc, 75 hp), called the "UAZ-Explorer"
    • with a Peugeot XD2 diesel (2,498 cc, 76 hp) – UAZ-Marathon
    • with a turbodiesel Vittorio Martorelli VM Motori (2,400 cc, 100 hp) - UAZ-Dakar,
    • with a Fiat petrol engine (1,995 cc, 112 hp) – UAZ-Racing[15]
  • UAZ-3105 (or UAZ-3150)[16][17] Cпорт (Sport) – a short wheelbase (2000mm) version with removable roof and doors[18]
  • UAZ-3171/3172 - variant with rebodied body and rectangular headlights

Vehicles based on UAZ Hunter

The UAZ-469B formed the basis of the TREKOL-39041 amphibious vehicle.[19]

Users

A UAZ-3151 on parade in Minsk, July 2017.

Former users

  •  Czech Republic[37]
  •  Czechoslovakia
  •  East Germany
  •  Egypt[38]
  •  Greece: Briefly used during the 1990s, acquired from Germany. *  Iran:[27] Bought in the 1970s and retired in the 1990s. *  Israel: Used captured Syrian examples; retired from IDF service. *  Lebanon: Used by the Lebanese Armed Forces and some Lebanese militias during the Lebanese Civil War (1975–1994).[39][40]
  •  Mali[41]
  •  Somalia: Bought in the 1970s, all were lost during the Somali Civil War[42]
  •  Soviet Union: Passed on to successor states.

Service history

  • Yom Kippur War
  • Lebanese Civil War
  • Angolan Civil War
  • Mozambican Civil War
  • South African Border War
  • Soviet-Afghan War
  • Iran-Iraq War
  • United States invasion of Grenada
  • Persian Gulf War
  • Transnistrian War
  • First Nagorno-Karabakh War
  • First Chechen War
  • Second Chechen War
  • War in Afghanistan (2001-2021)
  • Iraq War
  • Libyan Civil War
  • Syrian Civil War
  • Russo-Ukrainian War
    • War in Donbas
    • Russian invasion of Ukraine
  • Second Nagorno-Karabakh War
  • UMP-4178 engine for the UAZ-469
    UMP-4178 engine for the UAZ-469
  • Ukrainian police UAZ-3151 UMM
    Ukrainian police UAZ-3151 UMM
  • UAZ-469 on Garbarska street in Kraków
    UAZ-469 on Garbarska street in Kraków
  • UAZ-3150 aka UAZ Sport
    UAZ-3150 aka UAZ Sport
  • UAZ-469 with open top
    UAZ-469 with open top
  • UAZ-469 interior
    UAZ-469 interior
  • UAZ Hunter with equipment
    UAZ Hunter with equipment

See also

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named KITOY
  2. ↑ Thompson, Andy. Cars of the Soviet Union (Haynes Publishing, Somerset, UK, 2008), p. 73 caption.
  3. ↑ Thompson, p.178.
  4. ↑ "UAZ". http://www.uaz.ru/eng/models/hunter/. 
  5. ↑ Минобороны отказалось от «уазиков» (in Russian)
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Thompson, p.333 caption.
  7. ↑ "UAZ 469 total production". http://www.military-today.com/trucks/top_10_light_utility_vehicles.htm. 
  8. ↑ "UAZ Restarts Iconic Hunter SUV Production". 10 February 2016. http://www.sollers-auto.com/en/pressroom/news/index.php?from35=2&id35=807. 
  9. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named cars-database
  10. ↑ "UAZ - 469 - 2.45 (75 Hp) - Technical specifications, Fuel economy (consumption)". http://www.auto-data.net/en/?f=showCar&car_id=16633. 
  11. ↑ The GAZ-69 had differentials with two satellites but the UAZ-469B uses four satellites due to its higher torque.
  12. ↑ ТУ 78.2.071-92
  13. ↑ "UAZ". http://landing.uaz-mexico.com/hunter-vallarta/. 
  14. ↑ В Польше переделывали наши УАЗ-469 в необычные санитарки с удлиненным кузовом (in Russian)
  15. ↑ Уазбука (2012). "Oise firms brothers Martorell" (in ru). http://uazbuka.ru/models/uaz-Martorelli.html. 
  16. ↑ "Автомодельное бюро: УАЗ-3150 "Шалун"". http://www.denisovets.ru/uaz/uazpages/uaz3150.html. 
  17. ↑ "Archived copy". http://www.denisovets.ru/uaz/uazprototips/UAZ3150_1.gif. 
  18. ↑ "Autosoviet: UAZ". http://www.autosoviet.altervista.org/ENGLISH-automotorusse9%28uaz%29.htm#2. 
  19. ↑ INET-SERVIS.CZ. "Floating UAZ vehicles - Made in Russia". http://www.madeinrussia.cz/en/floating-uaz-vehicles-202/. 
  20. ↑ Shankar, Colonel C. P. (2015). Military in Pakistan and Afghanistan A Brief History. Neha Publishers & Distributors. p. 202. ISBN 978-9380318851. https://books.google.com/books?id=FxnkEAAAQBAJ. 
  21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 21.2 Foss & Gander 1999, p. 727.
  22. ↑ Janovsky, Jakub; Dan; Mitzer, Stijn; Oliemans, Joost; Kemal (27 September 2020). "The Fight For Nagorno-Karabakh: Documenting Losses On The Sides Of Armenia And Azerbaijan". https://www.oryxspioenkop.com/2020/09/the-fight-for-nagorno-karabakh.html. 
  23. ↑ 23.00 23.01 23.02 23.03 23.04 23.05 23.06 23.07 23.08 23.09 23.10 23.11 Foss & Gander 1999, p. 732.
  24. ↑ Nuciari, Marina; Olivetta, Eraldo (9 May 2021) (in en). Leaders for Tomorrow: Challenges for Military Leadership in the Age of Asymmetric Warfare. Springer Nature. p. 202. ISBN 978-3-030-71714-8. https://books.google.com/books?id=Bl8tEAAAQBAJ. 
  25. ↑ 25.0 25.1 Foss & Gander 1999, p. 728.
  26. ↑ "UAZs were armed with American 106-mm recoilless guns" (in en). 11 February 2022. https://vpk.name/en/579023_uazs-were-armed-with-american-106-mm-recoilless-guns.html. 
  27. ↑ 27.0 27.1 27.2 Foss & Gander 1999, p. 730.
  28. ↑ Gibson, Neil; Fediushko, Dmitry (22 January 2019). "Laotian military parades Russian- and Chinese-made equipment". London, Moscow. https://www.janes.com/article/85876/laotian-military-parades-russian-and-chinese-made-equipment/. 
  29. ↑ 29.0 29.1 29.2 29.3 Foss & Gander 1999, p. 731.
  30. ↑ Marine Corps Intelligence Activity (1997) (in en). North Korea Country Handbook. Quantico, VA: MCIA. p. A-123. https://nuke.fas.org/guide/dprk/nkor.pdf. Retrieved 28 January 2024. 
  31. ↑ 31.0 31.1 Foss & Gander 1999, p. 733.
  32. ↑ Mitzer, Stijn; Oliemans, Joost (25 November 2022). "The Struggle For Relevance: Transnistria's Fighting Vehicles". https://www.oryxspioenkop.com/2022/11/the-struggle-for-relevance.html. 
  33. ↑ Janovsky, Jakub; naalsio26; Aloha; Dan; Kemal; Black, Alexander. "Attack On Europe: Documenting Ukrainian Equipment Losses During The Russian Invasion Of Ukraine". https://www.oryxspioenkop.com/2022/02/attack-on-europe-documenting-ukrainian.html. 
  34. ↑ "Photos - Uruguayan military". 5 August 2020. https://www.militaryimages.net/threads/uruguayan-military.9400/page-2#post-202891. 
  35. ↑ Foss & Gander 1999, p. 734.
  36. ↑ "Handbook Of Pre-War Yemeni Fighting Vehicles". https://www.oryxspioenkop.com/2015/09/pre-war-yemeni-fighting-vehicles_20.html. 
  37. ↑ "The purchase of off-road vehicles: the Army is to defend the change of assignment" (in en). https://www.czdjournal.com/defence/the-purchase-of-offroad-vehicles-the-army-is-to-defend-the-change-of-assignment-312.html. 
  38. ↑ Foss & Gander 1999, p. 729.
  39. ↑ Kassis, Invasion of Lebanon 1982 (2019), p. 231.
  40. ↑ Sex & Abi-Chahine, Modern Conflicts 2 – The Lebanese Civil War, From 1975 to 1991 and Beyond (2021), pp. 7; 214-215.
  41. ↑ "Sons of Bamako - Malian Armed Forces Fighting Vehicles". https://www.oryxspioenkop.com/2021/10/sons-of-bamako-malian-armed-forces.html. 
  42. ↑ Jane's Armour and Artillery 1985-86 (6th ed.). London: Jane's Publishing Company. 1985. ISBN 0710608209. 

Bibliography

  • Foss, Christopher F.; Gander, Terry J., eds (1999). Jane's Military Vehicles and Logistics, 1999-2000. Jane's Information Group. ISBN 978-0-7106-1912-9. 
  • Kassis, Samer (2019). Invasion of Lebanon 1982. Abteilung 502. ISBN 978-84-120935-1-3. https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=G2y3DwAAQBAJ. 
  • Sex, Zachary; Abi-Chahine, Bassel (2021). Modern Conflicts 2 – The Lebanese Civil War, From 1975 to 1991 and Beyond. Modern Conflicts Profile Guide. II. AK Interactive. EAN 8435568306073. 

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