Finance:Brokerage firm
A brokerage firm, or simply brokerage, is a financial institution that facilitates the buying and selling of financial securities between a buyer and a seller. Brokerage firms serve a clientele of investors who trade public stocks and other securities, usually through the firm's agent stockbrokers.[1] A traditional, or "full service", brokerage firm usually undertakes more than simply carrying out a stock or bond trade. The staff of this type of brokerage firm is entrusted with the responsibility of researching the markets to provide appropriate recommendations, and in doing so they direct the actions of pension fund managers and portfolio managers alike. These firms also offer margin loans for certain approved clients to purchase investments on credit, subject to agreed terms and conditions.
Traditional brokerage firms have also become a source of up-to-date live stock prices and quotes.[2] When a brokerage firm, in addition to buying and selling for clients, transacts for its own account, it is known as a broker-dealer.
Discount brokers
A discount broker or an online broker is a firm that charges a relatively small commission by having its clients perform trades via automated, computerized trading platforms rather than by having an actual stockbroker assist with the trade. Most traditional brokerage firms offer discount options and compete heavily for client volume due to a shift towards this method of trading.[3]
Other ways to lower costs for these brokers is by executing orders only a few times a day by aggregating orders from a large number of small investors into one or more block trades which are made at certain specific times during the day. They help lower costs in two ways:
- By matching buy and sell orders within the firm's order book, the overall quantity of stock to be traded can be reduced, thus reducing commissions payable to others by the brokerage firm.
- The broker can split the bid-ask spread with the investor when matching buy and sell orders.
Since investor money is pooled before stocks are bought or sold, it enables investors to contribute small amounts of cash with which fractional shares of specific stocks can be purchased. This is usually not possible with a regular stockbroker.[4]
Distributor
Many broker-dealers also serve primarily as distributors for mutual fund shares. These broker-dealers may be compensated in numerous ways and, like all broker-dealers in the United States, are subject to compliance with requirements of the US Securities and Exchange Commission and one or more self-regulatory organizations, such as the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA). In the meantime, distributors to be paid upfront fees and trail fees, which is now one form of distributor’s earnings. The forms of compensation may be sales loads from investors, or Rule 12b-1 fees or servicing fees paid by the mutual funds.[5]
Leading brokerage firms in the United States
In 2013, Investors Business Daily and TechnoMetrica designed a survey towards 10,000 investors to select the top five IBD Best Online Brokers of the year.[6] The ranking designated the following companies:
- Charles Schwab Corporation (NYSE: SCHW)
- Fidelity Investments
- TD Ameritrade (NYSE: AMTD)
- USAA Brokerage
- TradeStation
See also
- Broker
- Boutique brokerage
- Commodity broker
- Insurance broker
- Mortgage broker
- Options broker
- Stockbroker
- Asset management firm
References
- ↑ O'Sullivan, Arthur; Sheffrin, Steven M. (2003). Economics: Principles in Action. Needham, Mass.: Pearson Prentice Hall. p. 287. ISBN 0-13-063085-3. OCLC 50237774.
- ↑ Leonard, Jay (5 August 2016). "How to choose the best online stock broker". http://fxdailyreport.com/best-online-stock-trading-brokers/.
- ↑ "MarketWatch - Stock Market Quotes, Business News, Financial News". Smartmoney.com. 2013-07-02. http://www.smartmoney.com/investing/economy/smartmoneys-annual-broker-survey-23119/. Retrieved 2013-12-30.
- ↑ "81-105 Mutual Fund Sales Practices". British Columbia Securities Commission. 1 January 2014. https://www.bcsc.bc.ca/Securities_Law/Policies/Policy8/81-105_Mutual_Fund_Sales_Practices__NI_(1)/. Retrieved 10 October 2016.
- ↑ Thomas P. Lemke; Gerald T. Lins; A. Thomas Smith (6 March 1997). Regulation of Investment Companies. Lexis Nexis Matthew Bender. ISBN 0820520055. https://books.google.com/books?id=Ac5hewAACAAJ. Retrieved 10 October 2016.
- ↑ "The Top Five Online Brokerage Firms, According To Investors Business Daily". http://www.ibtimes.com/top-five-online-brokerage-firms-according-investors-business-daily-1493704.
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