History:Gelons and Mordvins

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Gelons and Mordvins
Naukratis Dionysus.jpg
Roman marble relief (1st century AD) from Naukratis showing Dionysus, snake-bodied. See Scythian Viper
AuthorVladimir Semenkovich
Original titleГелоны и мордва
CountryRussian Empire
LanguageRussian
Genremonograph
PublisherA.I. Snegiryova's Publishing
Publication date
1913
Media typeprint (Hardback)
Pages256
Websitewww.prlib.ru/item/406146

Gelons and Mordvins (Russian: Гелоны и мордва, romanized: Geloni i mordva) is an 1913 monograph by Vladimir Nikolaevich Semenkovich, and is the first part of the planned work.

Monogrpah

List of ancient authors analyzed by Semenkovich

Semenkovich cites 146 sources in his monograph. This is the list of mostly Ancient Greece and some Roman sources.

  1. Hecataeus of Miletus
  2. Herodotus
  3. Scylax of Caryanda
  4. Unnamed author (probabaly Scymn of Chios)
  5. Strabo
  6. Dionysius
  7. Eustathius of Cappadocia
  8. Scholia to Dionysius
  9. Arrian
  10. Ptolemy
  11. Agathemerus
  12. Marcian
  13. Stephanus of Byzantium's text on tribes' description abridged probabaly by Hermolaus of Macedon
  14. Unnamed author's text, probably by Arrian on travel around Pontus Euxinos
  15. Nikephoros Blemmydes
  16. Unnamed author's narration of Earth Description in abridgement
  17. Homer
  18. Aeschylus
  19. Sophocles
  20. Euripides
  21. Hellanicus of Lesbos
  22. Pherecydes of Leros
  23. Ctesias
  24. Scholia to Plato
  25. Demosthenes
  26. Aeschines of Neapolis
  27. Theopompus
  28. Aristotle
  29. Theophrastus
  30. John Tzetzes
  31. Scholia to Argonautica by Apollonius of Rhodes
  32. Polybius
  33. Nicander
  34. Diodorus Siculus
  35. Dionysius of Halicarnassus
  36. Philo
  37. Josephus
  38. Plutarch
  39. Antonius Diogenes
  40. Arrian
  41. Aelius Aristides
  42. Appian
  43. Lucian
  44. Polyaenus
  45. Pausanias
  46. Oppian
  47. Iamblichus
  48. Galen
  49. Julius Pollux
  50. Maximus of Tyre
  51. Clement of Alexandria
  52. Sextus Empiricus
  53. Arcadius
  54. Claudius Aelianus
  55. Diogenes Laertius
  56. Eusebius
  57. Basil of Caesarea
  58. Synesius
  59. Philostorgius
  60. Aelia Eudocia
  61. Zosimus
  62. Priscus
  63. Hesychius of Alexandria & Timotheus of Miletus
  64. Marcus Terentius Varro
  65. Cornelius Nepos
  66. Virgil
  67. Maurus Servius Honoratus
  68. Marcus Valerius Probus
  69. Bern scholia, authorship is unknown
  70. Horace
  71. Scholiasts of Horace: Pomponius Porphyrion
  72. Helenius Acron
  73. Tibullus
  74. Propertius
  75. Augustus
  76. Vitruvius

Ancient geography

Manych

Semenkovich underlines the problem of existince Manych as ancient strait connecting Bllack and Caspian seas have been always underestimated. No controversy in ancient authors' accounts when they mention "another" Tanais. They are not to blame to mix this strait with a river taking into consideration that the water level might lower seasonally like in a river. The main persisting problem seems to be is that modern scholars are not aware of existing this strait in ancient world as a whole. The other problem is that we may not oppose existing another distributary of Volga connecting with Manych. So they might reach not only Caspian sea and Volga but probably Aral sea.

Ancient Trade routs

Semenkovich believes Dnieper and Pripyat trade routs connected cultural nations with the North since hoards with Roman coins are being found in modern Eastern Prussia and Russia . He also points to detection of a Greek inscription in ruins of Old Sarai city on Volga (Saratov Governorate) which contains praise to some Kaius and indicates to existence of navigation. Ancient Greece did not seek furs, they needed gold. Normally Greeks imported from Scythia fruits, fish, raw pelts. They exported leather, clothes, wines, homewares, as well as there were slave markets in city Tanaid.

Ancient Gelonus

Semenkovich locates Gelonians on the left bank of Middle Don westwards from Melanchlaeni up to the river bend. Geloni became one of the disappeared people since there were no accounts on them since the time of Herodotus. In spite of that "not knowing is not the only reason for their diasappearance".

Gelonians and Finnic tribes

Gelonians emerged on Don and its the upper reaches and upper reaches of Oka from mixture of Greeks and Finnic tribes. Semenkovich pays attention to the fact that according to Herodotus Gelonians were of Greek descent. He identifies Gelonians with Russian: мордва, romanized: mordva, lit. 'Moksha, Erzya, Mescher, Muroma, Meryans [lower-alpha 1]'. He further associates Moksha with Moschi and traces them to Caucasus where they had neighboured Colchis. Erzya are associated with Aorsi, Arthania and Khazar time Arsiyah. Herodotus's Budini are associated with Votyaks, Mares with Mari and Issedones with Zyrians. Plato's Ancient Greek: from Timaeus he associates with Estonians.

Gelonians and Balts

Gelonians are not Galindians. Vladimir Semenkovich produces in the monograph his own translation of Maroński's "Herodots Gelonen keine preussisch-litauische Völkerschaft. Zeitschrift des West Preussischen Geschiechtsvereins" (1883)[1] whilst Maroński was the first to exhaustively prove Gelonians might not be identified with Balts.

Critics

"Soviet Ethnography" journal twice сites "Gelons and Mordvins" between 1949 and 1970[2][3] Dovatur A.I., Kallistov D.P., Shishova I.A. cite the monograph in 1982.[4] Cited in Anna Kotłowska's "Drewniane Miasto” Gelonos [Ancient City Gelonus]. Adam Mickiewicz Poznan University, 2016.[5] Cited in Liberov P.D. Ethnicity of Middle Don Population in Scythian Time. 1971.[6] No opposition to the monograph. All known works of Vladimir Semenkovich are digitized and available in Boris Yeltsin Presidential Library.[7]

See also

  • Bilske Horodyshche (de), Ukraine . Site of Gelon 8th-3th c BC[8]
  • Chernoles culture
  • Vasily Gorodtsov

References

  1. ↑ Maroński & Semenkovich 1913
  2. ↑ Alikhova A.E. To The Burtas Problem. Soviet Ethnography Journal. Issue 1, 1949
  3. ↑ Vasilyev V.I. Siirtya. Legend Or Reality? Soviet Ethnography Journal. Issue 1, 1970
  4. ↑ Dovatur A.I., Kallistov D.P., Shishova I.A. Peoples Of Our Country In Herodotus' Histories. Nauka, Moscow, 1982
  5. ↑ Anna Kotłowska."Drewniane Miasto” Gelonos [Ancient City Gelonus]. Adam Mickiewicz Poznan University, 2016 (in Polish)
  6. ↑ Liberov P.D. Ethnicity of Middle Don Population in Scythian Time. Scythian Archaeology Problems. USSR Academey Of Science Archaeology Institute, 1971
  7. ↑ "Gelons and Mordvins" in Boris Yeltsin Presidential Library
  8. ↑ Shramko 1987

Sources

External links

Footnotes

  1. ↑ modern Russian legal term Mordva is applied to Mokshas, Erzyas, and sometimes to Qaratay, Shoksha and Teryukhan




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