Jacobson–Bourbaki theorem

Short description: Theorem used to extend Galois theory to field extensions that need not be separable

In algebra, the Jacobson–Bourbaki theorem is a theorem used to extend Galois theory to field extensions that need not be separable. It was introduced by Nathan Jacobson (1944) for commutative fields and extended to non-commutative fields by (Jacobson 1947), and Henri Cartan (1947) who credited the result to unpublished work by Nicolas Bourbaki. The extension of Galois theory to normal extensions is called the Jacobson–Bourbaki correspondence, which replaces the correspondence between some subfields of a field and some subgroups of a Galois group by a correspondence between some sub division rings of a division ring and some subalgebras of an associative algebra.

The Jacobson–Bourbaki theorem implies both the usual Galois correspondence for subfields of a Galois extension, and Jacobson's Galois correspondence for subfields of a purely inseparable extension of exponent at most 1.

Statement

Suppose that L is a division ring. The Jacobson–Bourbaki theorem states that there is a natural 1:1 correspondence between:

• Division rings K in L of finite index n (in other words L is a finite-dimensional left vector space over K).
• Unital K-algebras of finite dimension n (as K-vector spaces) contained in the ring of endomorphisms of the additive group of K.

The sub division ring and the corresponding subalgebra are each other's commutants.

(Jacobson 1956) gave an extension to sub division rings that might have infinite index, which correspond to closed subalgebras in the finite topology.

References

• Cartan, Henri (1947), "Les principaux théorèmes de la théorie de Galois pour les corps non nécessairement commutatifs", Comptes rendus de l'Académie des Sciences 224: 249–251 
• Cartan, Henri (1947), "Théorie de Galois pour les corps non commutatifs", Annales Scientifiques de l'École Normale Supérieure, Série 3 64: 59–77, doi:10.24033/asens.942, ISSN 0012-9593 
• Jacobson, Nathan (1944), "Galois theory of purely inseparable fields of exponent one", American Journal of Mathematics 66 (4): 645–648, doi:10.2307/2371772, ISSN 0002-9327 
• Jacobson, Nathan (1947), "A note on division rings", American Journal of Mathematics 69 (1): 27–36, doi:10.2307/2371651, ISSN 0002-9327 
• Jacobson, Nathan (1956), Structure of rings, American Mathematical Society, Colloquium Publications, 37, Providence, R.I.: American Mathematical Society, ISBN 978-0-8218-1037-8 
• Jacobson, Nathan (1964), Lectures in abstract algebra. Vol III: Theory of fields and Galois theory, D. Van Nostrand Co., Inc., Princeton, N.J.-Toronto, Ont.-London-New York, ISBN 978-0-387-90168-8, https://archive.org/details/lecturesinabstra00njac 
• Hazewinkel, Michiel, ed. (2001), "Jacobson-Bourbaki_theorem", Encyclopedia of Mathematics, Springer Science+Business Media B.V. / Kluwer Academic Publishers, ISBN 978-1-55608-010-4, https://www.encyclopediaofmath.org/index.php?title=Jacobson-Bourbaki_theorem