MUSA (MUltichannel Speaking Automaton)
MUSA (MUltichannel Speaking Automaton) was an early prototype of Speech Synthesis machine started in 1975.
Description
It consisted of a stand-alone computer hardware and a specialized software that implemented a diphone-synthesis technology. It was one of the first real-time TTS systems. It was able to read Italian in intellegibile robotic voice and also to sing managing up to 8 synthesis channels in parallel thanks to Linear predictive coding technology.[1] In 1978 it was released, after the building of a working prototype,[2] an 45" rpm audio disk containing some trial content of such synthesis, including the song "Fra Martino Campanaro" in "a cappella" (multiple voices) style, attached to some commercial reviews.[3] The experiment was conducted by CSELT, Turin, Italy and was led by Giulio Modena.
Related pages
Notes
- ↑ Nebbia, Luciano; Lucchini, Paolo (April 1979). "Eight-channel digital speech synthesizer based on LPC techniques". ICASSP '79. IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing 4: 884–886. doi:10.1109/ICASSP.1979.1170598. https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/1170598.
- ↑ Billi, Roberto; Canavesio, Franco; Ciaramella, Alberto; Nebbia, Luciano (1 November 1995). "Interactive voice technology at work: The CSELT experience". Speech Communication 17 (3): 263–271. doi:10.1016/0167-6393(95)00030-R. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-6393%2895%2900030-R.
- ↑ Cantoni, Virginio; Falciasecca, Gabriele; Pelosi, Giuseppe, eds (2011) (in it). Storia delle telecomunicazioni. 1. Firenze: Firenze University Press. ISBN 9788864532431.
References
- Pieraccini, Roberto (2012). The voice in the machine : building computers that understand speech. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press. ISBN 978-0262533294.
External links
- "MUSA" (in it). Archivio Storico Telecom Italia. https://archiviostorico.telecomitalia.com/italia-al-telefono-oltre/1978-permettete-che-mi-presenti-sono-calcolatore-cselt.
- Baggia, Paolo (2006). "W3C: Speech Technologies and Standards - DIT Seminars, Povo, Trento." (in it). https://www.w3.org/2006/Talks/0607-loquendo-speech/Baggia_Trento_2006_sml.pdf.
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