Medicine:Blue toe syndrome
| Blue toe syndrome |
|---|
Blue toe syndrome is a situation that may reflect atherothrombotic microembolism, causing transient focal ischaemia, occasionally with minor apparent tissue loss, but without diffuse forefoot ischemia.[1] The development of blue or violaceous toes can also occur with trauma, cold-induced injury, disorders producing generalized cyanosis, decreased arterial flow, impaired venous outflow, and abnormal circulating blood.[2][3][4][5] The terms "blue toe syndrome", "grey toe syndrome" and "purple toe syndrome" are sometimes used interchangeably.[6]
Studies may include echocardiography, thoracic and abdominal CT or MRI,[7][8][9][10] peripheral arterial run off imaging studies, hypercoagulopathy labs, and interrogation of syndromes that lead to peripheral vascular pathology.[11]
See also
References
- ↑ 'Standards for vascular reporting'
- ↑ "Blue toe syndrome: treatment with intra-arterial stents and review of therapies". J Vasc Interv Radiol 11 (5): 585–92. 2000. doi:10.1016/s1051-0443(07)61610-8. PMID 10834489.
- ↑ "Evaluation and management of cholesterol embolization and the blue toe syndrome". Curr Opin Cardiol 11 (5): 533–42. 1996. doi:10.1097/00001573-199609000-00013. PMID 8889381.
- ↑ "Femoral artery hypoplasia and persistent sciatic artery with blue toe syndrome: a case report, histologic analysis and review of the literature". Int Angiol 13 (2): 154–9. 1994. PMID 7963875.
- ↑ "Blue Toe Syndrome as an Early Sign of Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation". Ann Dermatol 28 (3): 400–1. 2016. doi:10.5021/ad.2016.28.3.400. PMID 27274647.
- ↑ "Blue (or purple) toe syndrome". J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 60 (1): 1–20; quiz 21–2. January 2009. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2008.09.038. PMID 19103358.
- ↑ "The Coral Reef Aorta: Diagnosis and Treatment Following CT.". Radiol. Case Rep. 4 (1): 209. 2009. doi:10.2484/rcr.v4i1.209. PMID 27843516.
- ↑ "Coral reef aorta, emergency surgical: case report and literature review". Einstein (Sao Paulo) 12 (2): 237–41. Apr 2014. doi:10.1590/s1679-45082014rc2772. PMID 25003933.
- ↑ "Coral reef aorta: a long-term study of 21 patients". Ann Vasc Surg 14 (6): 626–33. Nov 2000. doi:10.1007/s100169910091. PMID 11128458.
- ↑ "Coral reef aorta: case report and review of the literature". Vascular 21 (4): 251–9. 2013. doi:10.1177/1708538113478764. PMID 23518854.
- ↑ "Making the diagnosis when the patient has 'blue toes'". Geriatrics 49 (12): 37–9, 43–5. Dec 1994. PMID 7982584.
External links
- Pictures are available on this link. 'Blue toe syndrome'
 |  |
