Medicine:Zinc and Hinokitiol synergism

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Zinc + Hinokitiol(HK) can be defined as a Zinc ionophore, which accelerates the uptake of Zinc ions in the cell.[1][2] Zinc is a vital trace element, which is essential for growth, maintenance, and development of the immune function.[3] Hinokitiol, on the other hand, is a zinc ionophore that proficiently inhibits human, and multiplication.[4][5] Therefore, much of what causes the effectiveness of certain antiviral and anti-inflammatory substances such as Hydroxychloroquine in amalgamation with Zinc is the Zinc Ionophore capabilities.[6] Thus, the capacity for antiviral and anti-inflammatory products to transfer Zinc ions across the cell wall into the cell, and thus, inhibiting viral replication.[7][8]

Antiviral Activities of Zinc + Hinoktiol

The antiviral properties of Zinc are virus-specific; however, the presence of zinc ions play an important role in causing zinc antiviral efficacy.[9] In vitro, doses of Zinc of above 2 μM impede the multiplication of SARS-CoV through the inhibition of RNA-reliant RNA polymerase of the virus.[10][11] Besides, Zinc has direct antiviral actions, which include the stimulation of various antiviral signaling activities.[12] For instance, Zinc levels are linked with the impeding of IFN-l3 signaling, events that can moderate cytokine storm, which is linked to a worse condition in persons that are affected by SARS-CoV.[13][14]

Role of Zinc + Hinokitiol

Hinokitiol (HK) is an example of a Zinc ionophore, and it is known for its capacity to bind on Zinc ions and transfer them into the cell.[15] The transport of Zn2+ ions in the cells causes an increase in the intracellular Zinc concentration, which is effective for the protection of the body against viral infection.[16] Thus, the continuous need for Zinc ionophores like hinokitiol is essential for Zn2+ ions to retain antiviral activities. At a dose of 200μM, hinokitiol has major cytotoxic and antimicrobial actions against oral squamous cell carcinoma cell lines and oral pathogens, respectively.[17] Also, 200μM HK has lower cytotoxic impacts for the usual human being oral keratinocytes, showing that hinokitiol exhibits a high possibility for effective and safe use within oral health care.[18] Additionally, a >0.2 μg/ml dose of hinokitiol directly impedes bacterial activities, and a coronavirus sanitizer patent stated that an amount of 0.02 to 0.2% by mass HK was effective for antiviral purposes.[19] Therefore, it is evident that an amalgamation of Hinokitiol and Zinc is synergistic in hindering the replication of viruses such as SARS-COV.[20]




  1. ↑ https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/studies-show-zinc-inhibits-viral-replication-but-theres-a-catch-301079772.html
  2. ↑ https://iubmb.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/iub.253
  3. ↑ https://www.researchgate.net/publication/11239091_Zinc_and_immune_function#:~:text=Zinc%20affects%20multiple%20aspects%20of,activation%20of%20T%2DLymphocytes%2C%20cytokine
  4. ↑ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18922875/
  5. ↑ https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/studies-show-zinc-inhibits-viral-replication-but-theres-a-catch-301079772.html
  6. ↑ https://www.marketwatch.com/press-release/the-japanese-alternative-to-hydroxychloroquine-zinc-hinokitiol-2020-06-09
  7. ↑ https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/studies-show-zinc-inhibits-viral-replication-but-theres-a-catch-301079772.html
  8. ↑ https://iubmb.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/iub.253
  9. ↑ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6628855/#:~:text=In%20summary%2C%20it%20is%20evident,and%20uncoating%20(Figure%201).;https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9372416/
  10. ↑ https://publicnews18.com/2020/07/09/dr-zinx-exploits-the-hinokitiol-zinc/
  11. ↑ https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2020.01712/full
  12. ↑ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6628855/
  13. ↑ https://publicnews18.com/2020/07/09/dr-zinx-exploits-the-hinokitiol-zinc/
  14. ↑ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7283076/
  15. ↑ https://iubmb.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/iub.253
  16. ↑ https://biomedgrid.com/fulltext/volume2/review-on-the-role-of-zn2+-ions-in-viral-pathogenesis-and-the-effect-of-zn2+-ions-for-host-cell-virus-growth-inhibition.000566.php
  17. ↑ https://www.researchgate.net/publication/234121978_In_vitro_antimicrobial_and_anticancer_potential_of_hinokitiol_against_oral_pathogens_and_oral_cancer_cell_lines
  18. ↑ https://www.researchgate.net/publication/234121978_In_vitro_antimicrobial_and_anticancer_potential_of_hinokitiol_against_oral_pathogens_and_oral_cancer_cell_lines
  19. ↑ https://publicnews18.com/2020/07/09/dr-zinx-exploits-the-hinokitiol-zinc/
  20. ↑ https://publicnews18.com/2020/07/09/dr-zinx-exploits-the-hinokitiol-zinc/
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