Nadirashvili surface
In differential geometry, a Nadirashvili surface is an immersed complete bounded minimal surface in R3 with negative curvature. The first example of such a surface was constructed by Nikolai Nadirashvili in (Nadirashvili 1996). This simultaneously answered a question of Hadamard about whether there was an immersed complete bounded surface in R3 with negative curvature, and a question of Eugenio Calabi and Shing-Tung Yau about whether there was an immersed complete bounded minimal surface in R3. (Hilbert 1901) showed that a complete immersed surface in R3 cannot have constant negative curvature, and (Efimov 1963) show that the curvature cannot be bounded above by a negative constant. So Nadirashvili's surface necessarily has points where the curvature is arbitrarily close to 0.
References
- Efimov, N. V. (1963), "The impossibility in Euclidean 3-space of a complete regular surface with a negative upper bound of the Gaussian curvature", Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR 150: 1206–1209, ISSN 0002-3264
- Nadirashvili, Nikolai (1996), "Hadamard's and Calabi–Yau's conjectures on negatively curved and minimal surfaces", Inventiones Mathematicae 126 (3): 457–465, doi:10.1007/s002220050106, ISSN 0020-9910
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