Organization:International Office of Public Hygiene

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Short description: Predecessor to the World Health Organization

Template:Infobox Former International Organization

The International Office of Public Hygiene (OIPH), also known by its French name as the Office International d'Hygiène Publique (OIHP), was an international organization founded 9 December 1907 and based in Paris, France .[1] It merged into the World Health Organization after World War II.[2][3]

History

It was created to oversee international rules regarding the quarantining of ships and ports to prevent the spread of plague and cholera, and to administer other public health conventions,[4] leading to engage on other epidemics, and the collection of broader epidemiological data on various diseases, as well as issues such as the control of medicinal opium, cannabis, and other drugs,[5] the traumas created by World War I, etc.[4]

The OIHP was part of the complex structure known as the Health Organization (Organisation d'Hygiène) of the League of Nations,[6] in an often-competing, and sometimes collaborative relation with the League of Nations' Health Committee.[7]

The OIHP was dissolved by protocols signed 22 July 1946[8] and its epidemiological service was incorporated into the Interim Commission of the World Health Organization on 1 January 1947. However, the OIHP remained in existence legally until 1952.

Organisational chart of international organizations as of 1930[9]

Organisation

The OIHP was managed by a "Permanent Committee" chaired successively by Rocco Santoliquido (1908-1919), Oscar Velghe (1919-1932), George S. Buchanan (1932-1936).[10][11][12] Important personalities were taking part in the work of the OIHP such as Camille Barrère.

As of 1933, the OIHP was composed of the following contracting parties:[10]

  •  Argentina, 1910
  •  Australia, 1909
  • Flag of Congo Free State.svg Belgian Congo, 1927
  •  Belgium, 1907
  •  Bolivia, 1912
  •  Brazil, 1907
  •  UK British dominions, 1927
  •  UK British India, 1908
  •  Bulgaria, 1909
  •  Canada, 1910
  •  Chile, 1912
  •  Denmark, 1913
  •  Netherlands (Dutch Indies), 1925
  •  Egypt, 1907
  •  France, 1907
  • Flag of France (1794–1815, 1830–1958).svg French Algeria, 1910
  • Flag of France (1794–1815, 1830–1958).svg French Equatorial Africa, 1929
  • Flag of France (1794–1815, 1830–1958).svg French Indochina, 1914
  • Flag of France (1794–1815, 1830–1958).svg French West Africa, 1920
  •  Germany, 1928
  •  UK (Great Britain), 1907
  •  Greece, 1913
  • Flag of Hejaz 1917.svg Kingdom of Hejaz, 1932
  •  Ireland (Irish Free State), 1928
  •  Italy, 1907
  •  Japan, 1924
  •  Luxembourg, 1926
  •  Madagascar, 1920
  •  Morocco, 1920
  •  Mexico, 1909
  •  Monaco, 1913
  •  Netherlands, 1907
  •  Norway, 1912
  •  New Zealand, 1924
  •  Peru, 1908
  • Template:Country data Persia, 1909
  •  Poland, 1920
  •  Portugal, 1907
  •  Romania, 1921
  •  Sudan, 1926
  •  Sweden, 1909
  •  Czechoslovakia, 1922
  • Flag of South Africa (1928–1994).svg Union of South Africa, 1919
  •  Spain, 1907
  • Flag of Tunisia (1959–1999).svg French protectorate of Tunisia, 1908
  •  Turkey, 1911
  •  USA, 1907
  •  Soviet Union, 1926 (initially accessed as  Russian Empire in 1907)
  •  Uruguay, 1913

See also

References

  1. ↑ Markel, H. (2014). "Worldly approaches to global health: 1851 to the present" (in en). Public Health 128 (2): 124–128. doi:10.1016/j.puhe.2013.08.004. PMID 24412079. https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0033350613002655. 
  2. ↑ Beigbeder, Yves (2015-12-14), "Chapitre I. Les origines historiques de l'OMS", L’Organisation mondiale de la santé, International (Genève: Graduate Institute Publications): pp. 1–7, ISBN 978-2-940549-29-0, http://books.openedition.org/iheid/3966, retrieved 2022-09-06 
  3. ↑ Johnson, Steven (2021) (in en). Extra Life (1st ed.). Riverhead Books. pp. 57–58. ISBN 978-0-525-53885-1. 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Iriye, Akira (2002). Global Community: The Role of International Organizations in the Making of the Contemporary World. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 0520231279. 
  5. ↑ Riboulet-Zemouli, Kenzi; Ghehiouèche, Farid; Krawitz, Michael A. (2022). "Cannabis amnesia – Indian hemp parley at the Office International d'Hygiène Publique in 1935". doi:10.22541/au.165237542.24089054/v1. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/360540702. 
  6. ↑ "The International Health Organization Of The League Of Nations". The British Medical Journal 1 (3302): 672–675. 1924. ISSN 0007-1447. https://www.jstor.org/stable/20436330. 
  7. ↑ Howard-Jones, Norman (1979). International public health between the two world wars : the organizational problems. Geneva: World Health Organization. ISBN 9241560584. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/39249. 
  8. ↑ "Protocol concerning the Office international d'hygiène publique; New York, 22 July 1946" (in EN). https://treaties.un.org/pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IX-2&chapter=9&clang=_en. 
  9. ↑ Grandjean, Martin (2017). "Complex structures and international organizations". Memoria e Ricerca (2): 371–393. doi:10.14647/87204. https://www.rivisteweb.it/doi/10.14647/87204. Retrieved 31 October 2017. 
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Office international d'Hygiène publique (1933) (in French). Vingt-cinq ans d'activité de l'Office international d'Hygiène publique (1909-1933). Paris: Office international d'hygiène publique. https://www.who.int/library/collections/publique_hygiene_1909_1933.pdf. 
  11. ↑ "Sir George Buchanan, C.B" (in en). Nature 133 (3355): 242. 1934-02-01. doi:10.1038/133242a0. ISSN 1476-4687. Bibcode: 1934Natur.133Q.242.. 
  12. ↑ "Sir George Seaton Buchanan | RCP Museum". https://history.rcplondon.ac.uk/inspiring-physicians/sir-george-seaton-buchanan. 



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