Organization:Science park

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Cambridge Science Park in England
Hsinchu Biomedical Science Park in Taiwan

A science park (also called a "university research park", or a "science and technology park") is defined as being a property-based development that accommodates and fosters the growth of tenant firms and that are affiliated with a university (or a government and private research bodies) based on proximity, ownership, and/or governance[1]. This is so that knowledge can be shared, innovation promoted, and research outcomes progressed to viable commercial products.

Background

The world's first university research park started in the early 1950s near Stanford University. Another early university research park was Research Triangle Park. In 1969, Pierre Laffitte founded the Sophia Antipolis Science Park in France . Laffitte had travelled widely and developed a theory of "cross-fertilisation" where individuals could benefit mutually by the exchange of thoughts in many fields including culture, science and the arts.

Science parks are elements of the infrastructure of the global "knowledge economy". They provide locations that foster innovation and the development and commercialisation of technology and where governments, universities and private companies may collaborate. The developers work in fields such as information technology, pharmaceuticals, science and engineering. Science parks may also offer a number of shared resources, such as incubators, programs and collaboration activities, uninterruptible power supply, telecommunications hubs, reception and security, management offices, bank offices, convention center, parking, and internal transportation.

Science parks also aim to bring together people who assist the developers of technology to bring their work to commercial fruition, for example, experts in intellectual property law. They can be attractive to university students who may interact with prospective employers and encourage students to remain in the local area.

Science parks may be designed to enhance the quality of life of the workers. For example, they might be built with sports facilities, restaurants, crèches or pleasant outdoor areas. Apart from tenants, science parks create jobs for the local community.[2]

Science parks differ from high-technology business districts in that they are more organized, planned, and managed. They differ from science centres in that they lead to commercialized products from research. They differ from industrial parks which focus on manufacturing and from business parks which focus on administration.

Science parks are found worldwide. They are most common in developed countries. In North America there are over 170 science parks. For example, in the 1980s, North Carolina State University, Raleigh lacked space. New possible sites included the state mental-health property and the Diocese of Raleigh property on 1,000 acres (4.0 km2) surrounding the Lake Raleigh Reservoir. The university's Centennial Campus was developed.

Sandia Science and Technology Park, NASA Research Park at Ames and the East Tennessee Technology Park at Oak Ridge National Laboratory are examples of research parks that have been developed by or adjacent to US Federal government laboratories.

Definitions

The Association of University Research Parks (AURP), is a non-profit association consisting of university-affiliated science parks. It defines "university research and science parks" as "property-based ventures with certain characteristics, including master planned property and buildings designed primarily for private/public research and development facilities, high technology and science based companies and support services; contractual, formal or operational relationships with one or more science or research institutions of higher education; roles in promoting the university's research and development through industry partnerships, assisting in the growth of new ventures and promoting economic development; roles in aiding the transfer of technology and business skills between university and industry teams and roles in promoting technology-led economic development for the community or region."[3][4]

The International Association of Science Parks (IASP) explains that the purpose of these parks is to "promote the economic development and competitiveness of cities and regions by creating new business, adding value to companies, and creating new knowledge-based jobs".[5]

The Cabral-Dahab Science Park Management Paradigm, was first presented by Regis Cabral in ten points in 1990. According to this management paradigm, a science park must: "have access to qualified research and development personnel in the areas of knowledge in which the park has its identity; be able to market its high valued products and services; have the capability to provide marketing expertise and managerial skills to firms, particularly small and medium-sized enterprises, lacking such a resource; be inserted in a society that allows for the protection of product or process secrets, via patents, security or any other means; be able to select or reject which firms enter the park".

A science park should: "have a clear identity, quite often expressed symbolically, as the park's name choice, its logo or the management discourse; have a management with established or recognized expertise in financial matters, and which has presented long-term economic development plans; have the backing of powerful, dynamic and stable economic actors, such as a funding agency, political institution or local university; include in its management an active person of vision, with the power of decision and with the high and visible profile, who is perceived by relevant actors in society as embodying the interface between academia and industry, long-term plans and good management; and include a prominent percentage of consultancy firms, as well as technical service firms, including laboratories and quality control firms".

List of science parks

Some science parks include:

  • Birmingham Science Park Aston, Birmingham, UK,
  • Plymouth Science Park, Plymouth, UK,
  • Isfahan Science and Technology Town (ISTT), Isfahan, Iran,
  • Purdue Research Park, West Lafayette, Indiana,
  • Johanneberg Science Park, Gothenburg, Sweden,
  • Lindholmen Science Park, Gothenburg, Sweden,
  • Sahlgrenska Science Park, Gothenburg, Sweden,
  • Turku Science Park, Turku, Finland ,
  • Hong Kong Science Park, Tai Po, Hong Kong,
  • Hsinchu Science Park, Taiwan,
  • Research Triangle Park, North Carolina,
  • NanKang Software Park,
  • Advanced Manufacturing Park in Sheffield,
  • Cambridge Science Park
  • NETpark, County Durham, England ,
  • Skolkovo Innovation Center, Moscow,
  • Nazarbayev University Research and Innovation System,
  • ABC Science Park in Astana, Kazakhstan,
  • Innopolis, Kazan, Russia ,
  • Daedeok Innopolis, South Korea ,
  • Technopark, Stellenbosch, South Africa ,
  • Technopark Zürich, Switzerland,
  • Technopark, Trivandrum, Kerala, India ,
  • Arfa Software Technology Park, Pakistan,
  • Cummings Research Park, Huntsville, Alabama,
  • University of Wisconsin Research Park, Madison, Wisconsin
  • Gateway University Research Park, Greensboro, North Carolina.
  • Amsterdam Science Park, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
  • Utrecht Science Park, Utrecht, Netherlands.


See also

References

  1. ↑ McCarthy, Ian P.; Silvestre, Bruno S.; von Nordenflycht, Andrew; Breznitz, Shiri M. (2018). "A typology of university research park strategies: What parks do and why it matters". Journal of Engineering and Technology Management 47: 110–122. doi:10.1016/j.jengtecman.2018.01.004. ISSN 0923-4748. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jengtecman.2018.01.004. 
  2. ↑ Battelle-AURP Report: Characteristics and trends in North American Research Parks AURP
  3. ↑ "AURP: Creating Communities of Knowledge". innovation-america.org. http://www.innovation-america.org/archive.php?articleID=194. 
  4. ↑ AURP: What is a research park?
  5. ↑ International Association of Science Parks: About science and technology parks

See also

  • Clark G. et al. Technology, real estate and the innovative economy ULI Europe.
  • Foundations for strategy and practice University Economic Development Association.
  • Cabral R. and Dahab S. S. (1993) "Science parks in developing countries: the case of BIORIO in Brazil" in Biotechnology Review number one, vol 1 p 165 - 178.
  • Echols A. E. and Meredith J. W. (1998) "A case study of the Virginia Tech Corporation Research Centre in the context of the Cabral-Dahab Paradigm, with comparison to other US research parks" in Int. J. Technology Management vol 16 p 761 - 777.
  • Cabral R. (1998) "Refining the Cabral-Dahab Science Park Management Paradigm" in Int. J. Technology Management vol 16 p 813 - 818.
  • Cabral R. (ed.) (2003) The Cabral-Dahab Science Park Management Paradigm in Asia-Pacific, Europe and the Americas Uminova Centre, Umeå, Sweden.
  • Heilbron J. (ed.) and Cabral R. (2003) "Development, Science" in The Oxford Companion to The History of Modern Science Oxford University Press, New York, p 205 - 207.
  • Walker E. University research parks contribute to economic competitiveness AURP-Battelle.
  • (2007) Characteristics and trends in North American research parks: 21st century directions. Battelle Technology Partnership Practice, and Association of University Research Parks. p vii - 22.
  • (2009) Understanding research, science and technology parks: global best practice: report of a symposium (2009) NAP.
  • Morisson A. and United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) Economic zones in the ASEAN.

External links




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