Philosophy:Bocca della Verità

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Short description: Marble mask in Rome, Italy
Bocca della Verità
Età imperiale, chiusino a forma di mascherone di divinità fluviale, detta bocca della verità, collocata qui nel 1632.jpg
The Mouth of Truth
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LocationSanta Maria in Cosmedin
Coordinates [ ⚑ ] : 41°53′17″N 12°28′54″E / 41.88806°N 12.48167°E / 41.88806; 12.48167

The Mouth of Truth (Italian: Bocca della Verità [ˈbokka della veriˈta]) is a marble mask in Rome, Italy, which stands against the left wall of the portico of the Santa Maria in Cosmedin church, at the Piazza della Bocca della Verità, the site of the ancient Forum Boarium (the ancient cattle market). According to enduring medieval legend, it will bite off the hand of any liar who places their hand in its mouth,[1] or, alternatively, any who utters a lie while their hand is in the mouth.[2] It still attracts many visitors who audaciously insert their hands.

The Temple of Hercules Victor, in the Forum Boarium

The massive marble mask weighs about 1300 kg (2800 lbs) and probably depicts the face of the sea titan god Oceanus. The eyes, nostrils and mouth are open. Historians aren't quite certain what the original purpose of the disc was. It was possibly used as a drain cover in the nearby Temple of Hercules Victor, which had an oculus—a round open space in the middle of the roof, similar to that of the Pantheon. Hence, it could rain inside. It is also thought that cattle merchants used it to drain the blood of cattle sacrificed to the god Hercules. In the thirteenth century the disc was probably removed from the temple and placed against the wall of the Santa Maria in Cosmedin. In the seventeenth century it eventually moved to its current location inside the portico of the church.

Cultural references and derivative works

The Mouth of Truth by Lucas Cranach the Elder

The Mouth of Truth has been featured as a theme in historical European art. Lucas Cranach the Elder, a German painter during the Renaissance period, created two paintings depicting a woman placing her hand in the mouth of a statue of a lion while onlookers watched, a subject which was drawn by Albrecht Altdorfer and made into a woodcut by the Dutch printmaker Lucas van Leyden.[3]

The Mouth of Truth appears in the 1953 film Roman Holiday as a storytelling device as Hepburn's and Peck's characters are not truthful with each other. In Het geheim van de afgebeten vingers by Dutch writer Rindert Kromhout,[4] the fingers of lying children are cut off with a scythe by a skeleton who lives in the Capuchin Crypt in the Santa Maria della Concezione dei Cappuccini.

There are a number of Bocca della Verità replicas and derivative works. A full-size reproduction sits in the Alta Vista Gardens in California and one of Jules Blanchard's sculptures in the Luxembourg Garden in Paris depicts a woman with her hand in the sculpture's mouth. Coin-operated fortune teller machines have been developed and installed in different parts of the world, including one on display in the Musée Mécanique in San Francisco .[5][6]

Gallery

Notes

References

  • Snyder, James. Northern Renaissance Art, 1985, Harry N. Abrams, ISBN:0136235964

External links

Preceded by
Colossus of Constantine
Landmarks of Rome Succeeded by
Laocoön and His Sons