Philosophy:Dual-character concept
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Dual character concepts have two independent dimensions for classification: descriptive and normative. For example, someone is descriptively an “artist” if they earn a living by painting. Normatively, someone is an “artist” only if they live up to ideals, e.g., a commitment to creating truly meaningful aesthetic work. Because these dimensions are independent, one can satisfy the descriptive criteria without fulfilling the normative ones, and vice versa. Such concepts were first explored by Joshua Knobe, Sandeep Prasada and George E Newman in 2013.[1]
To date, the largest body of research on dual character concepts has examined social‑role concepts like “artist”, “scientist”, “colleague”, and “philosopher”.[1][2][3][4] Other studies, however, indicate that even some of philosophy’s most basic concepts may exhibit a dual character structure: “art”,[5][6] “gender”,[7] “happiness”,[8] and “human‑being”.[9]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Knobe, Joshua; Prasada, Sandeep; Newman, George E. (2013). "Dual character concepts and the normative dimension of conceptual representation". Cognition 127 (2): 242–257. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0010027713000139?via%3Dihub.
- ↑ Leslie, Sarah J. (2015). "“Hillary Clinton is the Only Man in the Obama Administration”: Dual Character Concepts, Generics, and Gender". Analytic Philosophy 56 (2). https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/phib.12063.
- ↑ Del Pinal, Guillermo; Reuter, Kevin (2017). "Dual character concepts in social cognition: Commitments and the normative dimension of conceptual representation". Cognitive Science 41: 477–501. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/cogs.12456.
- ↑ Reuter, Kevin (2019). "Dual character concepts". Philosophy Compass 14 (1): e12557. https://compass.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/phc3.12557.
- ↑ Mikalonytė, Elzė Sigutė; Doran, Ryan; Liao, Shen‑yi. "Experimental Philosophy of Art and Aesthetics". Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/win2024/entries/experimental-aesthetics/.
- ↑ Shen-yi Liao; Aaron Meskin; Joshua Knobe. "Dual Character Art Concepts". Pacific Philosophical Quarterly. https://philarchive.org/archive/LIADCA-3.
- ↑ Cai Guo; Carol S. Dweck; Ellen M. Markman (2021). "Gender Categories as Dual-Character Concepts?". Cognitive Science. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/cogs.12954.
- ↑ Phillips, Joshua; De Freitas, João; Mott, Charles; Gruber, Jonathan; Knobe, Joshua (2017). "True happiness: The role of morality in the folk concept of happiness". Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 146 (2): 165. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2017-03298-001.
- ↑ Phillips, Bradley (2022). "“They're not true humans:” beliefs about moral character drive denials of humanity". Cognitive Science 46 (2): e13089. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/cogs.13089.
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