Philosophy:Inconsistent triad

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Short description: Three propositions that cannot all be true together


An inconsistent triad is a set of three propositions that cannot all be true together. For example, 'She was an orphan; Tim outlived her; Tim was her father'.[1]

All inconsistent triads lead to trilemmas:

  • If A and B are true, C must be false.
  • If A and C are true, B must be false.
  • If B and C are true, A must be false.[2]

Epistemology

Main article: Philosophy:Epistemology
  1. Knowledge is justified true belief.[3]
  2. Humans cannot provide justification for their beliefs.[4]
  3. Humans possess knowledge.[5]

Political philosophy

Main article: Philosophy:Political philosophy
  1. A just society maximizes individual liberty.[6]
  2. A just society maximizes material equality.[7]
  3. A just society cannot maximize both liberty and equality.[8]

Ethics

Main article: Philosophy:Ethics
  1. Actions that maximize overall well-being are morally right.[9]
  2. Lying can sometimes maximize overall well-being.[10]
  3. Lying is always morally wrong.[11]

See also

References

  1. ↑ "The Oxford companion to philosophy" (in en). Choice Reviews Online 33 (5): 33–2495–33-2495. 1996-01-01. doi:10.5860/CHOICE.33-2495. 
  2. ↑ Sullivan, Scott M. (2005-10-26) (in en). An Introduction To Traditional Logic: Classical Reasoning For Contemporary. Booksurge Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4196-1671-6. https://books.google.com/books?id=MUBdPQAACAAJ. 
  3. ↑ de Grefte, Job (2023-02-01). "Knowledge as Justified True Belief" (in en). Erkenntnis 88 (2): 531–549. doi:10.1007/s10670-020-00365-7. ISSN 1572-8420. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10670-020-00365-7. 
  4. ↑ Hume, David (2020) (in en-US), An Enquiry concerning Human Understanding, Oxford University Press, doi:10.1093/owc/9780199549900.001.0001/isbn-9780199549900, ISBN 978-0-19-192173-5, https://oxfordworldsclassics.com/display/10.1093/owc/9780199549900.001.0001/isbn-9780199549900, retrieved 2025-02-21 
  5. ↑ Descartes, René; Moriarty, Michael (2008). Meditations on first philosophy: with selections from the Objections and replies. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-280696-3. 
  6. ↑ Nozick, Robert (1974). Anarchy, State, and Utopia. New York: Basic Books. https://philpapers.org/rec/NOZASA. 
  7. ↑ Rawls, John (1971). A Theory of Justice: Original Edition. Harvard University Press. doi:10.2307/j.ctvjf9z6v. ISBN 978-0-674-88010-8. https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctvjf9z6v. 
  8. ↑ Berlin, Isaiah (2002-03-07), Berlin, Isaiah; Hardy, eds., "Two Concepts of Liberty", Liberty (Oxford University Press): pp. 166–217, doi:10.1093/019924989x.003.0004, ISBN 978-0-19-924989-3, https://academic.oup.com/book/7968/chapter-abstract/153281672?redirectedFrom=fulltext, retrieved 2025-02-20 
  9. ↑ Bentham, Jeremy (1890) (in en). Utilitarianism. Progressive Publishing Company. https://books.google.com/books?id=eykSAAAAYAAJ. 
  10. ↑ Greasley, Kate (2019). "The Morality of Lying and the Murderer at the Door". Law and Philosophy 38 (5/6): 439–452. doi:10.1007/s10982-018-09342-2. ISSN 0167-5249. 
  11. ↑ Wood, Allen W. (2011). "Kant and the right to lie reviewed essay: On a supposed right to lie from philanthropy, by Inmanuel Kant (1797)" (in en). Eidos (15): 96–117. ISSN 1692-8857. http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1692-88572011000200005. 

Further reading

  • Brewer, B. (2011). The Inconsistent Triad. Perception, Causation, and Objectivity, 68.
  • Howard-Snyder, F., Howard-Snyder, D., & Wasserman, R. (2009). The Power of Logic (4th Edition). New York: McGraw-Hill. (p. 336) ISBN 978-0-07-340737-1



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