Physics:Aharonov–Casher effect
The Aharonov–Casher effect is a quantum mechanical phenomenon predicted in 1984 by Yakir Aharonov and Aharon Casher,[1] in which a traveling magnetic dipole is affected by an electric field. It is dual to the Aharonov–Bohm effect, in which the quantum phase of a charged particle depends upon which side of a magnetic flux tube it comes through. In the Aharonov–Casher effect, the particle has a magnetic moment and the tubes are charged instead. It was observed in a gravitational neutron interferometer in 1989[2] and later by fluxon interference of magnetic vortices in Josephson junctions.[3] It has also been seen with electrons and atoms.
In both effects the particle acquires a phase shift ([math]\displaystyle{ \varphi }[/math]) while traveling along some path P. In the Aharonov–Bohm effect it is
- [math]\displaystyle{ \varphi_{\rm AB} = \frac{q}{\hbar} \int_P \mathbf{A} \cdot d\mathbf{x} }[/math]
While for the Aharonov–Casher effect it is
- [math]\displaystyle{ \varphi_{\rm AC} = \frac{1}{\hbar c^2} \int_P (\mathbf{E}\times \boldsymbol \mu) \cdot d\mathbf{x} }[/math]
where [math]\displaystyle{ q }[/math] is its charge and [math]\displaystyle{ \boldsymbol \mu }[/math] is the magnetic moment. The effects have been observed together.[4]
References
- ↑ Y. Aharonov; A. Casher (1984). "Topological quantum effects for neutral particles". Phys. Rev. Lett. 53 (4): 319–321. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.53.319. Bibcode: 1984PhRvL..53..319A. http://www.tau.ac.il/~yakir/yahp/yh98.
- ↑ A. Cimmino; G. I. Opat; A. G. Klein; H. Kaiser; S. A. Werner; M. Arif; R. Clothier (1989). "Observation of the topological Aharonov–Casher phase shift by neutron interferometry". Phys. Rev. Lett. 63 (4): 380–383. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.63.380. PMID 10041058. Bibcode: 1989PhRvL..63..380C. http://www.atomwave.org/rmparticle/ao%20refs/aifm%20refs%20sorted%20by%20topic/Topological%20phases/a-c%20effect%20expts/Cimmino_PRL_1989.pdf.
- ↑ W. J. Elion; J. J. Wachters; L. L. Sohn; J. D. Mooij (1993). "Observation of the Aharonov–Casher effect for vortices in Josephson-junction arrays". Phys. Rev. Lett. 71 (14): 2311–2314. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.71.2311. PMID 10054641. Bibcode: 1993PhRvL..71.2311E. http://repository.tudelft.nl/view/ir/uuid%3A1fc70550-ac87-49fd-af97-bf0372b260f0/.
- ↑ * E. N. Bogachek; U. Landman (1994). "Aharonov–Bohm and Aharonov–Casher tunneling effects and edge states in double-barrier structures". Phys. Rev. B 50 (4): 2678–2680. doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.50.2678. PMID 9976496. Bibcode: 1994PhRvB..50.2678B. http://www.physics.gatech.edu/files/u26/papers/0164.pdf.
Bibliography
- Commins, Eugene D. (2014). Quantum Mechanics; an experimentalist's approach. Cambridge University Press. pp. 83–96.
- M. Koenig; A. Tschetschetkin; E.M. Hankiewicz; Jairo Sinova; V. Hock; V. Daumer et al. (2006). "Direct Observation of the Aharonov–Casher Phase". Phys. Rev. Lett. 96 (7): 076804. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.076804. PMID 16606124. Bibcode: 2006PhRvL..96g6804K.
- T. Boyer (1987). "Proposed Aharonov–Casher effect: Another example of an Aharonov–Bohm effect arising from a classical lag". Phys. Rev. B 36 (10): 5083–5086. doi:10.1103/PhysRevA.36.5083. PMID 9898771. Bibcode: 1987PhRvA..36.5083B.
- Rohrlich, D. (2007). "The Aharonov–Casher effect". arXiv:0708.3744 [quant-ph].
- Meier, Florian; Loss, Daniel (22 April 2003). "Magnetization Transport and Quantized Spin Conductance". Physical Review Letters 90 (16): 167204. doi:10.1103/physrevlett.90.167204. ISSN 0031-9007. PMID 12732002. Bibcode: 2003PhRvL..90p7204M.
- Nakata, Kouki; van Hoogdalem, Kevin A.; Simon, Pascal; Loss, Daniel (15 October 2014). "Josephson and persistent spin currents in Bose-Einstein condensates of magnons". Physical Review B 90 (14): 144419. doi:10.1103/physrevb.90.144419. ISSN 1098-0121. Bibcode: 2014PhRvB..90n4419N.
See also
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