Physics:Hydrogen pipeline transport

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Short description: Method of fuel transportation
Hydrogen pipelines

Hydrogen pipeline transport is a transportation of hydrogen through a pipe as part of the hydrogen infrastructure.

History

  • 1938 – Rhine-Ruhr The first 240 km (150 mi) hydrogen pipes that are constructed of regular pipe steel, compressed hydrogen pressure 210–20 bars (21,000–2,000 kPa), diameter 250–300 millimetres (9.8–11.8 in). Still in operation.[1][2]
  • 1973 – 30 km (19 mi) pipeline in Isbergues, France .[3]
  • 1985 – Extension of the pipeline from Isbergues to Zeebrugge
  • 1997 – Connection of the pipeline to Rotterdam
  • 1997 – 2000: Development of two hydrogen networks, one near Corpus Christi, Texas , and one between Freeport and Texas City.
  • 2009 – 150 mi (240 km) extension of the pipeline from Plaquemine to Chalmette.[4]

Economics

Hydrogen pipeline size 1000 PSI.jpg

Hydrogen pipeline transport is used to transport hydrogen from the point of production or delivery to the point of demand. Although hydrogen pipeline transport is technologically mature,[5][6] and the transport costs are similar to those of CNG,[7] most hydrogen is produced in the place of demand, with an industrial production facility every 50 to 100 miles (80 to 161 km)[8]

Piping

For process metal piping at pressures up to 7,000 psi (48 MPa), high-purity stainless steel piping with a maximum hardness of 80 HRB is preferred.[9] This is because higher hardnesses are associated with lower fracture toughness so stronger, higher hardness steel is less safe.

Composite pipes are assessed like:

Fiber-Reinforced Polymer pipelines (or FRP pipeline) and reinforced thermoplastic pipes are researched.[10][11][12][13]

Carrying hydrogen in steel pipelines (grades: API5L-X42 and X52; up to 1,000psi/7,000kPa, constant pressure/low pressure cycling) does not lead to hydrogen embrittlement.[14] Hydrogen is typically stored in steel cylinders without problems. Coal gas (also known as town gas) is 50% hydrogen and was carried in cast-iron pipes for half a century without any embrittlement issues.

Infrastructure

Hydrogen pipeline size 3600 PSI.jpg
  • 2004 - USA - 900 mi (1,400 km) of low pressure hydrogen pipelines[15][16]
  • 2004 - Europe - 1,500 km (930 mi) of low pressure hydrogen pipelines.[17]

Gallery

  • Hydrogen pipelines

See also

References

  1. ↑ "The Technological Steps of Hydrogen Introduction - pag 24". http://www.storhy.net/train-in/PDF-TI/03_StorHy-Train-IN-Session-1_3_JToepler.pdf. 
  2. ↑ "rise.org - Pipelines". http://www.rise.org.au/info/Res/hydrogen/index.html. 
  3. ↑ 2006 - vector of clean energy - pag 15
  4. ↑ Hydrogen Pipeline Extension Strengthens Gulf Coast Network
  5. ↑ 2005 DOE Hydrogen Pipeline Working Group Workshop
  6. ↑ Natural gas pipelines for hydrogen transportation
  7. ↑ 2006 - Compressorless Hydrogen Transmission Pipelines Deliver Large-scale Stranded Renewable Energy at Competitive Cost - 16th World Hydrogen Energy Conference, Lyon, 13–16 June 2006
  8. ↑ Every 50 to 100 miles
  9. ↑ Idaho national Engineering Laboratory Recommendations for Piping for Gaseous Hydrogen Accessed 2010-10-13
  10. ↑ 2007 - Fiber Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Pipelines
  11. ↑ "NEW, COMPOSITE POLYMERIC/METALLIC MATERIALS AND DESIGNS FOR HYDROGEN PIPELINES". http://www.hydrogendiscoveries.com/NHApipelinepaper.pdf. 
  12. ↑ 2006 FRP Hydrogen Pipelines
  13. ↑ "Lifetime Simulation Composite & Multilayer Pipelines". http://www.composite-agency.com/product.htm. 
  14. ↑ "Hydrogen Pipelines Working Group Workshop - Proceedings". DoE. https://www.energy.gov/sites/default/files/2014/03/f11/hpwgw_proceed05.pdf. 
  15. ↑ 2004 USA pipelines
  16. ↑ 2008 Argonne National Laboratory report
  17. ↑ "2004 EU pipelines". http://www.ifp.fr/IFP/en/files/cinfo/IFP-Panorama04_11-HydrogeneVA.pdf. 

External links



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