Place:Salvador, Bahia
Salvador | |
|---|---|
Municipality | |
| Municipality of Salvador Município de Salvador | |
Skyline of Salvador from Barra Barra Lighthouse Pelourinho Monument to the Second of July Historic Center Lacerda Elevator Panoramic view of the Vitória neighborhood | |
 Flag  Seal | |
| Nicknames: Roma Negra ("Black Rome") and Soterópolis ("Savior City", by translating "Salvador" into Greek) | |
| Motto(s): Sic illa ad arcam reversa est (Latin) "So she returned to the ark" | |
 Location of Salvador in the State of Bahia | |
  Salvador Location in Brazil  Salvador Salvador (South America) | |
| Coordinates: [ ⚑ ] : 12°58′29″S 38°28′36″W / 12.97472°S 38.47667°W | |
| Country |  Brazil |
| Region | Northeast |
| State | Bahia |
| Founded | 29 March 1549 |
| Government | |
| • Type | Mayor–council |
| • Body | Municipal Chamber of Salvador |
| • Mayor | Bruno Soares Reis (UNIÃO) |
| • Vice Mayor | Ana Paula Matos (PDT) |
| Area | |
| • Municipality | 693 km2 (268 sq mi) |
| • Water | 66.91 km2 (25.83 sq mi) |
| • Metro | 4,375.123 km2 (1,689.244 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 8 m (26 ft) |
| Population (2024 [4]) | |
| • Municipality | 2,568,928 (5th) |
| • Density | 4,187/km2 (10,840/sq mi) |
| • Metro | 3,919,864 (7th)[1][2][3] |
| • Metro density | 891.3/km2 (2,308/sq mi) |
| Demonym(s) | Portuguese: Soteropolitano/a English: Soteropolitan |
| Metropolitan GDP (PPP, constant 2015 values) | |
| • Year | 2023 |
| • Total | $49.0 billion[5] |
| • Per capita | $12,700 |
| Time zone | UTC−3 (BRT) |
| Postal code | 40000-001 to 42599-999 |
| Area code | +55 71 |
| HDI (2010) | 0.759 – high[6] |
| Website | www |
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Salvador (pt-BR, formerly known as Cidade do São Salvador da Bahia de Todos os Santos, literally "City of the Holy Savior of the Bay of All the Saints")[7] is a Brazilian municipality and capital city of the state of Bahia. Situated in the Zona da Mata in the Northeast Region of Brazil, Salvador is recognized throughout the country and internationally for its cuisine, music, and architecture. The African influence in many cultural aspects of the city makes it a center of Afro-Brazilian culture. As the first capital of Colonial Brazil, the city is one of the oldest in the Americas. Its foundation in 1549 by Tomé de Sousa took place on account of the implementation of the General Government of Brazil by the Portuguese Empire.
Centralization as a capital, along with Portuguese colonization, were important factors in shaping the profile of the municipality, as were certain geographic characteristics. The construction of the city followed the uneven topography, initially with the formation of two levels—Upper Town (Cidade Alta) and Lower Town (Cidade Baixa)—on a steep escarpment, and later with the conception of valley avenues. With 692,818 square kilometers (267,499 sq mi) in area, its emerged territory is peninsular, and the coast is bordered by the Bay of All Saints to the west and the Atlantic Ocean to the east. The Historic Center of Salvador, iconized on the outskirts of Pelourinho, is known for its colonial architecture, with historical monuments dating from the 17th century to the beginning of the 20th century, and was declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1985. The stage of one of the biggest Carnivals in the world (the biggest street party in the world, according to the Guinness World Records), the integration of the municipality to the UNESCO's Creative Cities Network as the "City of Music", a unique title in the country, added to the international recognition of Salvador's music.
With more than 2.4 million inhabitants as of 2020, it is the most populous municipality in the Northeast, the fifth most populous in Brazil, and the ninth largest Latin American city. It is the core of the metropolitan area known as "Great Salvador", which had an estimated 3,957,123 inhabitants in 2020 according to the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE). This makes it the second most populous metropolitan area in the Northeast, the seventh in Brazil, and one of the largest in South America. Also due to these urban-population dimensions, it is classified by the IBGE study on the Brazilian urban network as a regional metropolis. In its reports for the years 2014 and 2020, the Research Network of Globalization and World Cities (GaWC) classified Salvador as a global city in the "Sufficiency" category (the smallest). Global city surveys by consultancy Kearney also included Salvador in the 2018 and 2020 annual reports, while excluding it in the 2019.
The economic center of the state, Salvador is also a port city, administrative and tourist center. Its metropolitan region has the highest GDP among urban concentrations in the Northeast. In 2018, it had the second-highest gross domestic product (GDP) among Northeastern municipalities. Furthermore, it is the headquarters of important regional, national and international companies, such as Novonor, Braskem, Neoenergy Coelba, and Suzano Papel e Celulose. In addition to companies, the city hosts or has hosted many cultural, political, educational, sports events and organizations, such as the Bahia State University, the Federal University of Bahia, the Brazilian Army Complementary Training School, the Brazilian Surfing Confederation, the 12th United Nations Congress on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice (in 2010), the third Ibero-American Summit (in 1993), the 2003 Pan-American Judo Championship, the second Conference of Intellectuals from Africa and the Diaspora (in 2006),[8] the 1989 Copa América, the 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup, the 2014 FIFA World Cup, and Group E of the women's football tournament in the 2016 Summer Olympics.
History
Dutch Brazil 1624–1625
United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves 1815–1823Template:Country data Empire of Brazil 1823–1889
Republic of Brazil 1889–present
File:Attack on San Salvador RMG BHC0268.tiff
Salvador lies on a small, roughly triangular peninsula that separates the Bay of All Saints, the largest bay in Brazil, from the Atlantic Ocean.[9] It was first reached by Gaspar de Lemos in 1501, just one year after Cabral's purported discovery of Brazil.[10] During his second voyage for Portugal, the Italian explorer Amerigo Vespucci sighted the bay on All Saints' Day (1 November) 1502 and, in honor of the date and his parish church in Florence, he named it the Bay of the Saint Savior of All the Saints.[11] The first European to settle nearby was Diogo Álvares Correia ("Caramuru"),[12] who was shipwrecked off the end of the peninsula in 1509. He lived among the Tupinambá, marrying Guaibimpara and others. In 1531, Martim Afonso de Sousa led an expedition from Mount St Paul (Morro de São Paulo)[13] and, in 1534, Francisco Pereira Coutinho, the first captain of Bahia, established the settlement of Pereira in modern Salvador's Ladeira da Barra neighborhood. Mistreatment of the Tupinambá by the settlers caused them to turn hostile and the Portuguese were forced to flee to Porto Seguro c. 1546.[14] An attempted restoration of the colony the next year ended in shipwreck and cannibalism.[15]
The present city was established as the fortress of São Salvador da Bahia de Todos os Santos ("Holy Savior of the Bay of All Saints")[16][n 1] in 1549 by Portuguese settlers under Tomé de Sousa, Brazil's first governor-general.[19] It is one of the oldest cities founded by Europeans in the Americas.[20] From a cliff overlooking the Bay of All Saints,[n 2] it served as Brazil's first capital and quickly became a major port for its slave trade and sugarcane industry.[22] Salvador was long divided into an upper and a lower city, divided by a sharp escarpment some 85 meters (279 ft) high.[23] The upper city formed the administrative, religious, and primary residential districts while the lower city was the commercial center, with a port and market.
In the Roman Catholic Church, Brazil and the rest of the Portuguese Empire were initially administered as part of the Diocese of Funchal in Portugal but, in 1551, Salvador became the seat of the first Roman Catholic diocese erected in Brazil.[24] The first parish church[25] was the mud-and-thatch Church of Our Lady of Help (Igreja da Nossa Senhora da Ajuda) erected by the Jesuits (Society of Jesus),[n 3] which served as the first cathedral of the diocese until the Jesuits finished construction of the original basilica on the Terreiro de Jesus in 1553.[25][n 4] Its bishop was made independent of the Archdiocese of Lisbon at the request of King Pedro II in 1676;[28] he served as the primate of the Congo and Angola in central Africa until the elevation of the Diocese of Luanda on 13 January 1844 and its bishop still serves as the national primate and premier see (diocese) of Brazil.
In 1572, the Governorate of Brazil was divided into the separate governorates of Bahia in the north and Rio de Janeiro in the south. These were reunited as Brazil six years later, then redivided from 1607 to 1613. By that time, Portugal had become temporarily united with Spain and was ruled from Madrid by its kings. In 1621, King Philip III replaced the Governorate of Brazil with the states of Brazil, still based in Salvador and now controlling the south, and the Maranhão, which was centered on São Luís and controlled what is now northern Brazil. As Spain was then prosecuting a war against the independence of the Dutch, the Dutch East and West India companies tried to conquer Brazil from them. Salvador played a strategically vital role against Dutch Brazil, but was captured and sacked by a West India Company fleet under Jacob Willekens and Piet Hein on 10 May 1624. Johan van Dorth administered the colony before his assassination, freeing its slaves. The city was recaptured by a Luso-Spanish fleet under Fadrique Álvarez de Toledo y Mendoza on 1 May 1625. John Maurice, Prince of Nassau-Siegen, tried to conquer the city for his country, unsuccessfully besieging it between April and May 1638.
In 1763, the colonial administration was removed to Rio de Janeiro and elevated to a viceroyalty. Salvador remained the heart of the Recôncavo, Bahia's rich agricultural maritime district,[29] but was largely outside Brazil's early modernization. The area formed a center of royal Portuguese support against heir apparent Pedro I's declaration of independence from European Portugal on 7 September 1822. Its elites initially remained loyal to the Portuguese crown[18] while rebels from Cachoeira besieged them for a year until finally receiving Portugal's surrender of the town on 2 July 1823, which is now celebrated as Bahia Independence Day.[30] The local elite was similarly hesitant during Manuel Deodoro da Fonseca's later coup that established the republic in 1889.[18]
In 1835, the Malê revolt, a slave revolt of Muslim enslaved Africans took place, which was Brazil's largest such event and contributed to the idea of the abolition of slavery in Brazil—which took until 1888, when Isabel, Princess Imperial of Brazil, promulgated the Lei Áurea ("Golden Act").
Owing to whales' use of the Bay of All Saints as a mating ground, Salvador became a large whaling port in the Southern Hemisphere during the 19th century but the trade had already begun to fall off by the 1870s.[17]
Under the empire and republic periods, however, the town slowly began to industrialize. In 1873, Brazil's first elevator, the powerful hydraulic Elevador Lacerda, was constructed to connect the city's upper and lower towns.[17] Having undergone several upgrades, it continues in use.[31][32] By the First World War, it was joined by a second elevator[n 5] and Salvador was connected to four railroads: the Bahia & Alagoinhas to Joazeiro, the Bahia Central, the Nazareth Tramway, and a short line to Santo Amaro.[18] Its central districts and the major suburbs of Bomfim and Victoria were served by four streetcar lines,[17][18] which had begun to electrify.[18] It also served as a port of call for most steamship lines trading between Europe and South America.[18]
In 1985, UNESCO listed the city's Pelourinho neighborhood as a World Heritage Site.[33][34] In the 1990s, a major municipal project cleaned and restored the neighborhood in order to develop it as the cultural center and heart of the city's tourist trade. The development of the Historical Center, however, involved the forced removal of thousands of working-class residents and now necessitates local and municipal events in order to attract people to the area.[35] The relocated workers, meanwhile, have encountered significant economic hardship in their new homes on the city's periphery, separated from access to work and civic amenities.[36]
In 2007, Porto da Barra Beach in Barra was named by the Guardian as the 3rd-best beach in the world.[37] In 2010, the city hosted the 12th UN Congress on Crime Prevention.[38] The city hosted the 2013 Confederations Cup and was one of the host cities of the 2014 FIFA World Cup in Brazil at its Arena Fonte Nova.[39] As part of its preparations for the World Cup, the city re-established its public transportation lines as the Salvador Metro.
Geography
Climate
Salvador has a trade-wind tropical rainforest climate (Köppen: Af). Temperatures are relatively consistent, showing little variance throughout the course of the year.[40] Salvador's driest months of the year are December and January, when the city receives on average less than 10 cm (4 in) of precipitation. Salvador's wettest months are April, May and June, when at least 20 cm (8 in) of rain falls during each of these three months.[41]
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Demographics
In 2010, the city of Salvador was the third-most populous city in Brazil, after São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro.[49] Currently, Salvador is the 5th largest city in Brazil in terms of population.[50] The city had 474,827 opposite-sex couples and 1,595 same-sex couples. The population of Salvador was 53.3% female and 46.7% male.[51]
Ethnic groups
According to the 2022 census, there were 2,417,678 people residing in the city of Salvador.[52] The census revealed the following self-identification: 1,186,416 persons identify as Pardo (Multiracial) (49.1%); 825,509 as Black (34.1%); 398,688 as White (16.5%); and 4,395 as Amerindian (0.2%); 2,605 as Asian (0.1%).[53]
Salvador's population is the result of 500 years of interracial marriage. The majority of the population has African, European and Native American roots. The African ancestry of the city is from Benin, Angola, Congo, Senegal and Mozambique.[54]
According to an autosomal DNA study from 2008, the ancestral heritage of the population of Salvador was estimated to be 49.2% African, 36.3% European and 14.5% Native American.[56] The study also analyzed the genetic backgrounds of people by type of surname. Those with surnames with a religious connotation were 53.1% African in genetic ancestry and tended to be in lower economic classes. During the colonial era, it was typical practice for Portuguese priests and missionaries to baptize converted African slaves and Native Americans with surnames of religious connotations. These have been passed down to their descendants.
A 2015 autosomal DNA study found out the following ancestral composition in Salvador: 50.5% of African ancestry, 42.4% of European ancestry and 5.8% of Native American ancestry.[57] The researchers explained they oversampled individuals living in poor environments (page 4).[57]
Another 2015 autosomal DNA found out Salvador to be 50.8% African, 42.9% European and 6.4% Native American.[58]
And another autosomal DNA study, also in 2015, found out Salvador to be: 50.8% European, 40.5% African and 8.7% Native American.[59]
Population growth
- Changing demographics of the city of Salvador
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Source: Planet Barsa Ltda.[60]
Religion
In Salvador, religion is a major contact point between Portuguese and African influences and, in the last 20 years, Brazil's version of a North American-influenced Pentecostalism.[61] Salvador was the seat of the first bishopric in colonial Brazil (established 1551), and the first bishop, Pero Fernandes Sardinha, arrived already in 1552.[62] The Jesuits, led by the Manuel da Nóbrega, also arrived in the 16th century and worked in converting the Indigenous peoples of the region to Roman Catholicism.
Many religious orders came to the city, following its foundation: Franciscans, Benedictines and Carmelites. Subsequently, to them are created the Third Orders, the Brotherhoods, and Fraternities, which were composed mainly of professional and social groups. The most prominent of these orders were the Terceira do Carmo Order and the de São Francisco Order, founded by white men, and the Nossa Senhora do Rosário and São Beneditino Brotherhoods, composed of black men.[63] In many churches maintained by religious men, were housed the Santíssimo Sacramento brotherhoods.
Besides these organizations, the expansion of Catholicism in the city was consolidated through social care work. Santa Casa the Misericórdia was one of the institution that did this kind of work, maintaining hospitals, shelters for the poor and the elderly, as well providing assistance to convicts and to those who would face death penalties.[63] The convents, on their part, were cultural and religious formation centers, offering seminar coursed that often were attended by the lay.
Even with the present evolution, and the growth of Protestantism and other religions in the city, the Catholic faith remains as one of its most distinctive features, drawing a lot of people to its hundreds of churches. Some aspects, like the use of Portuguese in the Masses, the simplification of the liturgy, and the adoption of "pop" religious songs are key factors to the triumph of Catholicism. In the Nossa Senhora do Rosário dos Pretos Church, Masses are held in the Yorùbá language, making use of African chants and typical clothes, which attract many people from the African Brazilian communities.[63]
Most enslaved Africans in Bahia were brought from Sub-Saharan Africa, especially the Yorùbá-speaking nation (Iorubá or Nagô in Portuguese) from present-day Benin. The enslaved were forced to convert to Roman Catholicism, but their original religion Yorùbá was combined with Roman Catholicism to make the syncretic religion known as, Candomblé, which has survived in spite of prohibitions and persecutions. The enslaved Africans managed to preserve their religion by attributing the names and characteristics of their Yorùbá deities to Catholic saints with similar qualities. Still today all Candomble sessions are conducted in Yoruba, not Portuguese.
These religious entities have been syncretised with some Catholic entities. For instance, Salvador's Feast of Bonfim, celebrated in January, is dedicated to both Our Lord of Bonfim (Jesus Christ) and Oxalá. Another important feast is the Feast de Yemanja every 2 February, on the shores of the borough of Rio Vermelho in
| Religion | Percentage | Number |
|---|---|---|
| Catholic | 51.55% | 1,379,252 |
| Protestant | 19.59% | 524,286 |
| No religion | 17.64% | 471,928 |
| Spiritist | 3.23% | 86,484 |
| Umbanda and Candomblé | 1.05% | 28,019 |
| Jewish | 0.04% | 1,010 |
Source: IBGE 2010.[64]
Economy
Throughout Brazilian history Salvador has played an important role. Because of its location on Brazil's northeastern coast, the city served as an important link in the Portuguese empire throughout the colonial era, maintaining close commercial ties with Portugal and Portuguese colonies in Africa and Asia.[65]
Salvador remained the preeminent city in Brazil until 1763 when it was replaced as the national capital by Rio de Janeiro. In the last ten years many high-rise office and apartment buildings were constructed, sharing the same blocks with colonial-era housing or commercial buildings.[66]
Salvador is the second most popular tourism destination in Brazil, after Rio de Janeiro.[67] Tourism and cultural activity are important generators of employment and income, boosting the arts and the preservation of artistic and cultural heritage.
Chief among the points of interest are its famous Pelourinho (named after the colonial pillories that once stood there) district, its historic churches,[68] and its beaches. Salvador's tourism infrastructure is considered one of the most modern in the World, especially in terms of lodging. The city offers accommodation to suit all tastes and standards, from youth hostels to international hotels. Construction is one of the most important activities in the city, and many international (mainly from Spain, Portugal and England)[69] and national developers are investing in the city and in the Bahian littoral zone.
JAC Motors will have a plant in the Metropolitan Region of Salvador, in the city of Camaçari, the new industry will result 3,500 direct jobs and 10,000 indirect jobs, the production of 100,000 vehicles by year.[70]
In December 2001, Monsanto Company inaugurated, at the Petrochemical Pole of Camaçari, in Metropolitan Region of Salvador, the first plant of the company designed to produce raw materials for the herbicide Roundup in South America. The investment is equivalent to US$500 million; US$350 million were spent in this initial phase. The Camaçari Plant, the largest unit of Monsanto outside of the United States, is also the only Monsanto plant manufacturing raw materials for the Roundup production line. The company started the civil works for the new plant in January 2000.[71]
| Economy[72][73] | GDP (in reais) | GDP per capita (in reais) |
|---|---|---|
| 2016 | 58 billion | 19.505,84 |
Government and politics
Salvador's history as the first political capital of Brazil and as the capital of Bahia has meant that the city has historically exerted significant influence of both state and federal politics. Because of its importance as the largest port for imported slaves in Brazil, its early political history was dominated by a conservative slaveholding class. Bahia was a monarchy stronghold during the movement for Brazilian independence and was the last to join the new Empire of Brazil. Despite the abolition of slavery, expansion of the franchise and steady migration of Afro-Brazilians from the Bahian countryside into the city, the city's elected offices have and continue to be dominated by a mostly European-descended upper class in a majority Black city. Afro-Brazilians continue to be underrepresented politically and urban renewal efforts have increasingly displaced them out of the historical city center towards the suburbs.[74] Examples of the city's political elite include the Magalhães family, which in the last 50 years has held positions for mayor of Salvador (Antônio Carlos and his grandson ACM Neto), governor of Bahia (Antônio Carlos), senator (Antônio Carlos and his son Antônio Júnior) and federal deputy (uncle Luís Eduardo and nephew ACM Neto). The control of the state of Bahia, and by extension Salvador, under political boss Antônio Carlos Magalhães was marked by an authoritarian style of clientelism known locally as carlismo.[75]
Since January 2021, the mayor of Salvador has been Bruno Soares Reis of the União Brasil party (DEM). The office of mayor has a 4-year term and works with a deputy mayor, also an elected 4 year position. The current deputy mayor is Ana Paula Matos (PDT). In recent decades, the position has been held by mostly members of center-right parties such as the Brazilian Democratic Movement Party (PMDB), Brazilian Social Democracy Party (PSDB) and more recently the Democrats (DEM).
Tourism and recreation
The Salvador coastline is one of the longest for cities in Brazil. There are 80 km (50 mi) of beaches distributed between the High City and the Low City, from Inema, in the railroad suburb to the Praia do Flamengo, on the other side of town. While the Low City beaches are bordered by the waters of the All Saints Bay (the country's most extensive bay), the High City beaches, from Farol da Barra to Flamengo, are bordered by the Atlantic Ocean. The exception is Porto da Barra Beach, the only High City beach located in the All Saints Bay.
The capital's beaches range from calm inlets, ideal for swimming, sailing, diving and underwater fishing, as well as open sea inlets with strong waves, sought by surfers. There are also beaches surrounded by reefs, forming natural pools of stone, ideal for children.
Interesting places to visit near Salvador include:
- According to the British newspaper The Guardian, in 2007, Porto da Barra Beach was the third best in the world.[76]
- The large island of Itaparica in the Bay of All Saints can be visited either by a car-ferry, or a smaller foot-passenger ferry, which leaves from near the Mercado Modelo near the Lacerda Elevator.
- BA-099 Highway, or "Line of Coconut" and "Green Line" of towns and cities, with exquisite beaches, north of Salvador heading towards Sergipe state.
- Morro de São Paulo in the Valença region across the Bay of All Saints – an island that can be reached by ferry from Salvador (2 hours), by plane, or by bus to Valença and then by 'Rapido' ('fast') speedboat or smaller ferry. Morro de São Paulo is formed by five villages of the Tinharé Island.
The city is served by many shopping malls, including Shopping da Bahia (formerly Shopping Iguatemi),[77] Salvador Shopping,[78] Shopping Barra,[79] and Shopping Paralela.[80]
Salvador is home to a rich cultural scene and offers a variety of museums that reflect the city's vibrant history, art, and traditions. One of the most iconic is the Museum of Modern Art of Bahia (MAM), reimagined and adapted by renowned Italian-Brazilian architect Lina Bo Bardi, located by the sea in a beautiful 17th-century building. The MAM showcases contemporary Brazilian art and frequently hosts exhibitions, workshops, and live music events, especially during its famous "Jam no MAM" jazz sessions.
Other notable museums in the city include the Afro-Brazilian Museum, which explores African influence in Brazilian culture, and the Carlos Costa Pinto Museum, which offers a glimpse into the aristocratic lifestyle of colonial Bahia. Together, these museums provide visitors with a deeper understanding of Salvador's unique identity.
Salvador has four parks, green areas protected, as Jardim dos Namorados Park, Costa Azul Park, Park of the city, Park of Pituaçu.
Jardim dos Namorados is located right next to Costa Azul Park and occupies an area of 15 hectares in Pituba, where many families used to spend their vacations in the 1950s. It was inaugurated in 1969, initially as a leisure area. It underwent a complete renovation in the 1990s, with the construction of an amphitheater with room for 500 people, sports courts, playgrounds and parking for cars and tourist buses.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
- Romo, Anadelia A. Selling Black Brazil: Race, Nation, and Visual Culture in Salvador, Bahia (University of Texas Press, 2022) online review
- Schwartz, Stuart B. (1985), Sugar Plantations in the Formation of Brazilian Society: Bahia, 1550–1835, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-521-31399-6, https://books.google.com/books?id=InAVH-gPgdkC.
External links
- Pelourinho of Salvador, Bahia, Digital Media Archive, http://archive.cyark.org/salvador-da-bahia-intro, retrieved 10 October 2011, creative commons-licensed images and data from a Federal University of Bahia/University of Ferrara/Leica Geosystems/CyArk research partnership
- Explore the Historic Centre of Salvador de Bahia in the UNESCO collection on Google Arts and Culture
- The City of Salvador, 1671, http://www.wdl.org/en/item/219, a map by Arnoldus Montanus Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
Geographic data related to Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". Salvador, Bahia at OpenStreetMap Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
| First | Capital of Brazil 1645–1763 |
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Lat. and Long. [ ⚑ ] 12°58′29.03″S 38°28′36.60″W / 12.9747306°S 38.476833°WLua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". Template:Capitals of Brazilian states Template:Municipalities of Bahia
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