Religion:Al-Ma'idah

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Al-Ma'idah (Arabic: ٱلْمَائِدَة Al-Māʾidah, "The Table" or "The Table Spread with Food", likely a word of Ethiopic origin)[1] is the fifth chapter (sūrah) of the Quran, with 120 verses (āyāt). Regarding the timing and contextual background of the revelation (Asbāb al-nuzūl), it is a Medinan surah, which means it is believed to have been revealed in Medina, instead of Mecca.

The chapter's topics include animals which are forbidden, the missions of Isa (Jesus) and Musa (Moses). Verse 5:90 prohibits "the intoxicant", and likewise, Q2:219 and Q4:43 mention it.[2]

Notable verses

5:3

See also: Verse of Ikmal al-Din

This verse has a Parenthetical Sentence: This day have those who disbelieve despaired of your religion, so fear them not, and fear Me. This day have I perfected for you your religion and completed My favor on you and chosen for you Islam as a religion..[Quran 5:3] This verse was revealed at Arafat as reported in an authentic hadith.[3]

5:8

Verse 5:8 strongly encourages Muslims to volunteer their testimonies and be just regardless of their personal feelings.[4][5] "O ye who believe! Stand out firmly for Allah, as witnesses to fair dealing, and let not the hatred of others to you make you swerve to wrong and depart from justice. Be just: that is next to piety and fear Allah. For Allah is well-acquainted with all that ye do."[6]

5:32

Verse 5:32 says:

Because of that, We ordained for the Children of Israel that if anyone killed a person not in retaliation of murder, or (and) to spread mischief in the land - it would be as if he killed all mankind, and if anyone saved a life, it would be as if he saved the life of all mankind.[1]

This verse is used in Islamic jurisprudence to condemn and denounce killing.[7][8] Muslim related publications often quote this verse in an abbreviated form, excluding the "not in retaliation of murder, or (and) to spread mischief in the land", and the exclusion to the next verse.[9][10] Regarding this practice, Islam critics accuse Muslims and their associates of deliberate concealment, and particularly Muslims of practicing Taqiya in order to achieve political goals.[11][12]

5:33

Verse 5:33 says:

The recompense of those who wage war against Allah and His Messenger and do mischief in the land is only that they shall be killed or crucified, or their hands and their feet be cut off on opposite sides, or be exiled from the land. That is their disgrace in this world, and a great torment is theirs in the Hereafter.[1]:5:33

This verse known as "the hirabah verse" (ayat al-hiraba)[13] is understood by the Islamic jurisprudence, particularly the wording "those who do mischief in the land" as a reference to acts that defy universal codes such as killing civilians, terrorism, poisoning water wells etc. In this regard, crimes that were extremely serious, so much so that the perpetrators were "not to be given quarter or sanctuary anywhere".[14][15][16] Muslim scholar Muhammad Asad argues that this phrase is to be understood metonymically asserting that "cutting off of one's hands and feet is often synonymous with destroying one's power".[17]

5:38

Verse 5:38 says:

And (as for) the male thief and the female thief, cut off their hands as a recompense for that which both committed, a punishment by way of example from Allah. And Allah is All-Powerful, All-Wise.[1]:5:38

Al-Bukhari and Muslim recorded that Aishah said that the Messenger of Allah said, "The hand of the thief shall be cut off if he steals a quarter of a Dinar or more".[1]:5:38

5:47

Verse 5:47 says:

Let the people of the Injil judge by what Allah has revealed therein. And whosoever does not judge by what Allah has revealed, such are the rebellious.[1][18]

This verse is an injunction to observe the Injil Gospel.[1] Islamic commentators[19] rebut issues raised (as they see it) by Christian commentators.[20][21][22]

5:51

See also: Al Maida 51 case

Verse 5:51 says:

O you who have believed, do not take the Jews and the Christians (naṣārā) as allies. They are [in fact] allies of one another. And whoever is an ally to them among you - then indeed, he is [one] of them. Indeed, Allah guides not the wrongdoing people.[1]

Muslim scholar Dr. Mustafa Khattab remarks on this instance that this "verse forbids Muslims from allying with the Jews and Christians conspiring to persecute Muslims", coming to the conclusion that "as long as non-Muslims are not at war with Muslims or persecuting them, the Quran (60:8) commands Muslims to be kind and gracious to them".[23]

Nevertheless, an interpretation of Verse 51 has resulted in repercussions in modern politics. For example, criticism and violent protests ensued against Basuki Tjahaja Purnama, the Chinese-Christian governor of Jakarta, Indonesia, after his declaration that Indonesians should not be deceived by those people who are using the verse to not elect non-Muslims as their leaders. This resulted in large protests against him demanding his arrest on charges of blaspheming the Quran.[24][25]

5:54

In Sahih International:

O you who have believed, whoever of you should revert from his religion Allah will bring forth [in place of them] a people He will love and who will love Him [who are] humble toward the believers, powerful against the disbelievers; they strive in the cause of Allah and do not fear the blame of a critic. That is the favor of Allah; He bestows it upon whom He wills. And Allah is all-Encompassing and Knowing.[26]

Verse 5:54 is also interesting in relation to who the "beloved" are; some hadith view it as being Abu Musa al-Ashari.[27][Quran 5:54]

Shi'ite view

Tahir ul Qadri writes regarding this verse:[28]

5:59–60

These verses conclude "whom Allah has cursed and with whom He became angry and made of them apes and pigs",[1] a reference to the alleged divine punishment for Jews not keeping the Sabbath.[Quran 2:63-66][29][30] In modern times, Islam critics and other Western observers have reported this 'apes and pigs' expression being used to denigrate Jews, usually in the context of Zionism, by Islamic clerics,[31][32][33] a Muslim ruler,[34] Islamic insurgent[35] and many Muslims.[36][37] However, others, such as rabbi Tovia Singer, view this as a misappropriation and see the condemnation actually as a warning for Jews to adhere to their religious commandments.[38]

5:67

Verse 5:67 is relevant to the Farewell Pilgrimage and Ghadir Khumm.[Quran 5:67]

5:72–73

The Quran: An Encyclopedia says, The Quran's objection to Christian practice is Christianity's shirk, its worship of Jesus, Mary and the saints "in derogation of Allah". There is no justification in believing in the Trinity, for Jesus never would have condoned such a concept.[39] In Sahih International: "(72) They have certainly disbelieved who say, " Allah is the Messiah, the son of Mary" while the Messiah has said, "O Children of Israel, worship Allah, my Lord and your Lord." Indeed, he who associates others with Allah - Allah has forbidden him Paradise, and his refuge is the Fire And there are not for the wrongdoers any helpers. (73) They have certainly disbelieved who say, Allah is the third of three. And there is no god except one God. And if they do not desist from what they are saying, there will surely afflict the disbelievers among them a painful punishment."[26][Quran 5:72–73]

5:90

Verse 5:90 says:

O you who have believed, indeed, intoxicants, gambling, [sacrificing on] stone alters [to other than Allah], and divining arrows are but defilement from the work of Satan, so avoid it that you may be successful." This is a clear ruling in The Quran for Muslims to avoid alcohol and gambling.[40]

See also

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 Ibn Kathir. "Surah Al Ma'ida". Quran 4 U. http://www.quran4u.com/Tafsir%20Ibn%20Kathir/005%20Ma%27idah.htm. 
  2. ↑ Gerhard Böwering, Chronology and the Quran, Encyclopaedia of the Qur’an Brill, 2001
  3. ↑ "Sunnah Bakhari". https://sunnah.com/bukhari/2/38. 
  4. ↑ Ghamidi, Javed Ahmed. Al-Bayan. https://www.javedahmedghamidi.org/#!/quran?chapter=5&paragraph=3&type=Ghamidi#fn_301. 
  5. ↑ Shafi, Muhammad. Ma'ariful Qur'an. pp. 84-88. http://www.islamicstudies.info/quran/maarif/maarif.php?sura=5&verse=8. 
  6. ↑ "Quran 5:8". http://corpus.quran.com/translation.jsp?chapter=5&verse=8. 
  7. ↑ The message of the Quran, M. Asad, Commentary on 5:32. "This moral truth is among those to which the first sentence of verse {15} of this surah alludes, and its succinct formulation fully explains the reason why the story of Cain and Abel is mentioned in this context. The expression "We have ordained unto the children of Israel" does not, of course, detract from the universal validity of this moral: it refers merely to its earliest enunciation." 
  8. ↑ The Holy Qur'an: Text, Translation and Commentary, Abdullah Yusuf Ali, Commentary on 5:32. "To kill or seek to kill an individual because he represents an ideal is to kill all who upold the ideal. On the other hand, to save an individual life in the same circumstances is to save a whole community. What could be stronger condemnation of individual assassination and revenge?" 
  9. ↑ Khan, Talib (12 August 2019). "Happy Eid ul Adha 2019: Wish your family and friends with these perfect WhatsApp messages, quotes and Shayaris". Jagran. https://english.jagran.com/lifestyle/eid-ul-adha-2019-whatsapp-messages-quotes-and-beautiful-shayari-you-can-share-with-your-loved-ones-10003123. Retrieved 5 December 2019. 
  10. ↑ Willis, Amy (25 June 2017). "Eid Mubarak 2017: Poems, quotes, messages and greetings to wish someone happy Eid". Metro. https://metro.co.uk/2017/06/25/eid-mubarak-2017-poems-quotes-messages-and-greetings-to-wish-someone-happy-eid-6720772/. Retrieved 5 December 2019. 
  11. ↑ Zaimov, Stoyan (24 August 2016). "Muslim-Americans Condemn ISIS in Phoenix Billboard, Say Islam Is Religion of Peace, Not Terror". Christian Post. http://www.christianpost.com/news/muslim-americans-condemn-isis-phoenix-billboard-islam-religion-peace-not-terror-168487/. Retrieved 9 October 2016. 
  12. ↑ Andrijasevic, Mladen (4 July 2009). "Obama quotes verse 5:32, omits 5:33". American Thinker. http://www.americanthinker.com/blog/2009/06/obama_quotes_verse_532_omits_5.html. Retrieved 5 May 2016. 
  13. ↑ Amin, ElSayed (2014). Reclaiming Jihad: A Qur'anic Critique of Terrorism. Kube Publishing. p. 133. ISBN 9780860375982. https://books.google.com/?id=CTUrBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA133&dq=Hirabah#v=onepage&q=Hirabah&f=false. Retrieved 9 November 2015. 
  14. ↑ Bahrampur, Abolfazl (2 December 2019). "Iranian Quran Expert Bahrampur On National TV: Protesters Should Be Slaughtered Or Have Their Feet And Hands Chopped Off On Alternate Sides; If We Kill 10,000 Of Them, It Will Not Be An Exaggeration". MEMRI. https://www.memri.org/reports/iranian-quran-expert-bahrampur-national-tv-protesters-should-be-slaughtered-or-have-their. Retrieved 27 December 2019. 
  15. ↑ Fadl, Khaled Abou El (2005-10-04) (in en). The Great Theft: Wrestling Islam from the Extremists. Harper Collins. pp. 241-243. ISBN 978-0-06-056339-4. https://books.google.com/books?id=eCweq-4m0gwC&dq. 
  16. ↑ Ghamidi, Javed Ahmed. Al-Bayan. https://www.javedahmedghamidi.org/#!/quran?chapter=5&paragraph=1&type=Ghamidi#fn_354. 
  17. ↑ Asad, Muhammad. The Message of the Quran, Commentary on Surah Māʼidah. pp. 216. http://www.muhammad-asad.com/Message-of-Quran.pdf. 
  18. ↑ "AYAH al-Ma`idah 5:47". Islam Awakened. https://www.islamawakened.com/quran/5/47/default.htm. Retrieved 21 December 2019. 
  19. ↑ Zawadi, Bassam. "James White and Surah 5, Verse 47: Willful Ignorance or a Severe Memory Lapse?". Call to Monotheism. https://www.call-to-monotheism.com/james_white_and_surah_5__verse_47__willful_ignorance_or_a_severe_memory_lapse_. 
  20. ↑ James White (25 November 2016). Dr. James White Makes A Great Point: (Quran 5:47).
  21. ↑ Cable, Steve (4 October 2017). "The Qur’an From a Christian Perspective". Probe. https://probe.org/the-quran-from-a-christian-perspective/. Retrieved 21 December 2019. 
  22. ↑ Wing J. "Muslim Dilemma". Biblical Foundations. https://biblicalfoundations.weebly.com/muslim-dilemma.html. Retrieved 21 December 2019. 
  23. ↑ Khattab, Mustafa (2015). The Clear Quran. Book of Signs Foundation. ISBN 978-0977300969. "Wali means guardian, caretaker, protector, provider, ally, etc. The Prophet (ﷺ) for example says, “A woman should not get married without a wali.”—that is a guardian such as her father to represent her in the marriage and make sure she receives her full rights. The verse forbids Muslims from allying with the Jews and Christians (or anyone else) conspiring to persecute Muslims. On the other hand, as long as non-Muslims are not at war with Muslims or persecuting them, the Quran (60:8) commands Muslims to be kind and gracious to them." 
  24. ↑ Durie, Mark (November 2016). "Violent Protests in Indonesia Blow an Ill Will for Religious Tolerance". New English Review. http://www.newenglishreview.org/custpage.cfm/frm/184618/sec_id/184618. Retrieved 18 November 2016. 
  25. ↑ McBeth, John (8 November 2016). "Blasphemy probe rocks Indonesia's secular foundations". The National. http://www.thenational.ae/world/southeast-asia/blasphemy-probe-rocks-indonesias-secular-foundations#full. 
  26. ↑ 26.0 26.1 Sahih International
  27. ↑ Ahadith In Praise Of The Ash`Aris
  28. ↑ The Ghadir Declaration, By Dr. Tahir al-Qadiri, Page 48 & 49 [1] [2]
  29. ↑ Firestone, Reuven (2010-01-01) (in en). An Introduction to Islam for Jews. Jewish Publication Society. pp. 37. ISBN 978-0-8276-1049-1. https://books.google.com/books?id=9aqo0scH9n0C&dq=An+introduction+to+Islam+for+Jews&q=%22Are%20we%20to%20profane%20our%20Sabbath%22. 
  30. ↑ Smith, David Livingstone (2011-03-01) (in en). Less Than Human: Why We Demean, Enslave, and Exterminate Others. St. Martin's Publishing Group. pp. 43. ISBN 978-1-4299-6856-0. https://books.google.com/books?id=rWAiRrm3LkcC&pg=PA43&dq=jews+%22pigs+apes%22&q=jews%20%22pigs%20apes%22. 
  31. ↑ Halevi, Jonathan D (3 March 2019). "Why do Canadian Imams call Jews “the sons of the pigs and apes”?". JCPA. http://jcpa.org/article/why-do-canadian-imams-call-jews-the-sons-of-the-pigs-and-apes/. Retrieved 30 November 2019. 
  32. ↑ "Palestinian cleric on Jews pigs apes and liberation al-aqsa mosque". 12 September 2004. https://www.memri.org/tv/palestinian-clerics-jews-pigs-apes-and-liberation-al-aqsa-mosque. Retrieved 29 November 2019. 
  33. ↑ "Danish imam calls Jews ‘offspring of apes and pigs’". https://www.timesofisrael.com/danish-imam-calls-jews-offspring-of-apes-and-pigs/. Retrieved 30 November 2019. 
  34. ↑ Goldberg, Jeffrey (14 January 2019). "Egyptian President Calls Jews 'Sons of Apes and Pigs'; World Yawns". The Atlantic. https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2013/01/egyptian-president-calls-jews-sons-of-apes-and-pigs-world-yawns/267131/. Retrieved 30 November 2019. 
  35. ↑ "Terrorists’ final words echo libel that Israel plans to destroy Al-Aqsa Mosque, calls Jews “sons of apes and pigs”". Palestine Today, independent Palestinian news agency (Gaza). 21 July 2017. https://palwatch.org/page/12681. Retrieved 30 November 2019. 
  36. ↑ Kressel, Neil (1 November 2012). ""The Sons of Pigs and Apes": Muslim Antisemitism and the Conspiracy of Silence". University of Nebraska Press. https://www.amazon.com/Sons-Pigs-Apes-Antisemitism-Conspiracy/dp/1597977020. Retrieved 29 November 2019. 
  37. ↑ de Quetteville, Harry (25 June 2006). "Christians still 'swine' and Jews 'apes' in Saudi schools". The Telegraph. https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/saudiarabia/1522286/Christians-still-swine-and-Jews-apes-in-Saudi-schools.html. Retrieved 30 November 2019. 
  38. ↑ (in en) Why does the Quran Call the Jews 'Apes'? Rabbi Tovia Singer Responds, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=REb8HNM1z6E, retrieved 2019-12-07 
  39. ↑ Leaman, Oliver, ed (2006). "The Qur'an: an Encyclopedia". Routledge. pp. 144–145. https://ahmadladhani.files.wordpress.com/2009/10/21470616-the-qur-an-an-encyclopedia.pdf. Retrieved 22 November 2014. 
  40. ↑ "Surah Maidah Transliteration". April 19, 2019. https://myislam.org/surah-maidah-transliteration/. 

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