Religion:Shankaracharya
Shankaracharya (Sanskrit: शङ्कराचार्य, IAST: Śaṅkarācārya, "Shankara-acharya") is a religious title used by the heads of amnaya monasteries called mathas in the Advaita Vedanta tradition of Hinduism. The title derives from Adi Shankara; teachers from the successive line of teachers retrospectively dated back to him are known as Shankaracharyas.
Establishment of the tradition
According to a tradition developed in the 16th century, Adi Shankara set up four monasteries known as Mathas or Peethams, in the North, South, East and West of India, to be held by realised men who would be known as Shankaracharyas. They would take on the role of teacher and could be consulted by anyone with sincere queries of a spiritual nature.[1][2] Another monastery Kanchi Kamkoti Peeth in south India also derives its establishment and tradition to Adi Shankara, however its heads are called "Acharya" or "Jagadguru" instead of "Shankaracharya".
The table below gives an overview of the four main Shankaracharya Amnaya Mathas reputedly founded by Adi Shankara, and their details.[3]
| Shishya (lineage) |
Direction | Maṭha | Mahāvākya | Veda | Sampradaya | Present Shankaracharya |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Padmapāda | East | Puri Govardhanmaṭha Pīṭhaṃ | Prajñānam brahma (Consciousness is supreme being) | Rig Veda | Bhogavala | Swami Nischalananda Saraswati |
| Sureśvara | South | Sringeri Śārada Pīṭhaṃ | Aham brahmāsmi (I am the supreme being) | Yajur Veda | Bhurivala | Sri Bharati Tirtha |
| Hastāmalakācārya | West | Dvāraka Sharada Pīṭhaṃ | Tattvamasi (That thou art) | Sama Veda | Kitavala | Swami Sadanand Saraswati[4] |
| Toṭakācārya | North | Badari Jyotirmaṭha Pīṭhaṃ | Ayamātmānam brahma (This Atman is supreme being) | Atharva Veda | Nandavala | Swami Avimukteshwaranand Saraswati (contested)/
Swami Vasudevanand Saraswati (disputed)[5] |
Etymology
The word Shankaracharya is composed of two parts, Shankara and Acharya. Acharya is a Sanskrit word meaning "teacher", so Shankaracharya means "teacher of the way of Shankara".[6]
Further reading
- Mukhyananda, Swami (2006) Sri Shankaracharya: life and philosophy: An elucidative and reconciliatory interpretation, 4th ed.; OCLC 426914596; Kolkata; Advaita Ashrama
- Esoteric Buddhism by A.P. Sinnett, pp 81 ISBN:1438503652
See also
- Adi Shankara
- Kalady, Kerala - Birthplace of Jagadguru Adi Shankaracharya
- Govardhan Peetham (East), Puri, Odisha
- Dwarka Sharada Peetham (West), Dwarka, Gujarat
- Jyotirmath Peetham (North), Jyotirmath, Badrikashram, Uttarakhand
- Shri Sringeri Sharada Peetham (South), Sringeri, Karnataka
- Shri Kanchi Kamakoti Peetham, Kancheepuram, Tamil Nadu
- Sri Jayendra Saraswathi, Shankaracharya of Kanchi
- Swami Abhinava Vidya Tīrtha, Shankaracharya of Sringeri
- Swami Bharati Tīrtha, Shankaracharya of Sringeri
- Swami Bharatikrishna Tīrtha, scholar; mathematician; first Sankaracharya to visit the West
- Swami Brahmananda Sarasvati, Srividya Siddh Sankaracharya of Jyotirmaya Pitha, Shankara Matha, Badrinath
- Swami Shantanand Saraswati, Shankaracharya of Jyotirmaya Pitha
- Swami Swarupananda Sarasvati, Shankaracharya of Jyotirmaya Pitha, Sankara Matha, Badrinath
- Swami Candrasekhara Bharati, Shankaracharya of Sringeri
- Swami Saccidananda Bharati, Shankaracharya of Sringeri
- Swami Sacchidananda Bharati, Shankaracharya of Sringeri
- Swami Sacchidananda Shivabhinava Nṛusimha Bharati, Shankaracharya of Sringeri
- Swami Vidyaranya Tīrtha, Shankaracharya of Sringeri
- Sri Sri Raghaveshwara Bharati, Jagadguru of Ramachandrapura Matha
References
- ↑ Waite, Dennis, 1948- (2010). The book of one : the ancient wisdom of Advaita ([2nd ed.] ed.). Winchester, UK: O Books. ISBN 9781846943478. OCLC 573397586.
- ↑ Barrett, David V. (2001). The new believers : a survey of sects, cults, and alternative religions. Barrett, David V.. London: Cassell. ISBN 0304355925. OCLC 44933824. https://archive.org/details/newbelieverssurv00barr.
- ↑ "Adi Shankara's four Amnaya Peethams". http://www.sringerisharadapeetham.org/html/History/amnaya.html.
- ↑ "Swami Swaroopanand Saraswati's successors: TWO Shankaracharyas of two different Peeths now - DETAILS here" (in en). https://zeenews.india.com/india/swami-swaroopanand-saraswati-s-successors-two-shankaracharyas-of-two-different-peeths-now-details-here-2509089.html.
- ↑ "Swami Swaroopanand Saraswati's successors: TWO Shankaracharyas of two different Peeths now - DETAILS here" (in en). https://zeenews.india.com/india/swami-swaroopanand-saraswati-s-successors-two-shankaracharyas-of-two-different-peeths-now-details-here-2509089.html.
- ↑ Snow, Michael J. (October 2018). Mindful philosophy. Milton Keynes. ISBN 9781546292388. OCLC 1063750429.
External links
- Advaita-Vedanta.org "Dasanami Sampradaya - The Monastic Tradition", an account of the four amnaya mathas, and the "Dashanamī parampāra"
- "History of Jagadguru Sri Adi Shankara Bhagavatpada", "Biography of Jagadguru Sri Adi Shankaracharya"
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