Religion:Ta'tili
In Islamic theology, taʿṭīl (Arabic: تَعْطِيل) means "divesting" God of His attributes. It is a form of apophatic theology. Taʿṭīl is the polar opposite of tashbīh (anthropomorphism or anthropopathism), the ascription to God of physical characteristics or human attributes such as emotion. Both taʿṭīl and tashbīh are considered sins[1] or heresies in mainstream Islam.
The corrective doctrine against taʿṭīl is tathbīt (confirming God's attributes), and the corrective against tashbīh is tanzīh (keeping God pure).[1]
Those accused of taʿṭīl may be referred to as muʿaṭṭila[2] ("divestors"[3]) or ta'tili.[4] Historically, the followers of Jahm ibn Safwan (d. 746) — the Jahmi — were called muʿaṭṭila by their opponents.
The ninth-century Muʿtazilites were called muʿaṭṭila[3] for their belief "[t]hat God is eternal [...] but they deny the existence of any eternal attributes (as distinct from His nature). [...] [K]nowledge, power, and life are part of His essence, otherwise, if they are to be looked upon as eternal attributes of the Deity, it will give rise to a multiplicity of eternal entities."[5]
See also
- Jabriyah
- Divisions of Islam
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Tashbīh". Tashbīh. 1998-07-20. https://www.britannica.com/topic/tashbih. Retrieved 2020-02-22.
- ↑ Livnat Holtzman (2013). "Debating the Doctrine of jabr (Compulsion)". Islamic Theology, Philosophy and Law: Debating Ibn Taymiyya and Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya. Walter De Gruyter GmbH. p. 68. ISBN 978-3-11-028534-5. https://books.google.com/books?id=h5noBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA68.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Edward Sell (1907). The Faith of Islám (3rd ed.). Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge. p. 195.
- ↑ C.E. Bosworth; E. van Donzel; W.P. Heinrichs; G. Lecomte; P.J. Bearman; Th. Bianquis (2000). Encyclopaedia of Islam (New Edition). Volume 10 (T-U). Leiden: Brill. p. 342. ISBN 9004112111.
- ↑ Al-Shahrastani, al-Milal wa'n-Niḥal, page 30. Quoted in Edward Sell (1907). The Faith of Islám (3rd ed.). Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge. pp. 196–197.
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